Merar

Not to be confused with Meromo.

Merar was the language of Paba's military caste, which consisted mostly of Tarpabaps and other ethnic minorities.

Merar was a nation of people who had immigrated from Paba to Subumpam during the late stages of the Vegetable War after they had pushed the battlefronts westward out of Paba. After the war they stayed in Subumpam and married Subumpamese women. THey set up a new government stating that only military officers were allowed to hold government posts.

Languages

This is a branch of Paleo-Pabappa, not Gold.

Pre-Paleo-Pabappa (1400) to Proto-Aboa (2668)

This branch of the family is called Aboa because it is the language of the Empire of Aboa, which included Subumpam, Litila, and Thaoa but excluded Paba.

Syllables could end in a vowel, or one of /k n h g l/. The high tone could also be considered to be a final consonant, /ʔ/. Each of these five codas could occur after a vowel sequence; therefore, /pouh/ is a valid syllable. Superheavy syllabes such as these are a common trait in related languages.

All closed syllables were toneless, but contrasts like /ak~aak/ still existed.

The consonant inventory in 1400 AD was

Rounded bilabials:    pʷ  mʷ      hʷ  w
Spread bilabials:     p   m   b   f   v
Alveolars:            t   n   r   s   l
Palatals:                             y
Velars:               k   ŋ       h   g 

The vowel inventory was

Short vowels:          a  e  i  o  u  ə
Long vowels:          aa ee ii oo uu 
Falling diphthongs:         ai    au
                            ei    ou
                            əi    əu

1. The voiced stop b shifted to v.
2. After a high tone, the voiceless fricatives hʷ f h shifted to kʷ p k. The /s/ did not shift.
3. After a low tone, the voiceless stops pʷ p t shifted to bʷ b d.
4. After a high tone, the nasals mʷ m n ŋ became the geminates mmʷ mm nn ŋŋ.
5. Tones were eliminated.
6. The sequences mpʷ mp nt shifted to mbʷ mb nd.
7. The clusters kpʷ kp kt kf shifted to ppʷ pp tt pp. Note that there was never a /ks/.
8. Any other final k shifted to h, which adopted previously existing sandhi rules such as /hm/ = [mp].
9. The labialized consonants kʷ pʷ bʷ mʷ shifted to p p b m. Then w shifted to v.
10. The diphthongs ai ei əi all merged as ē. Then au ou əu merged as ō. Then, the double vowel sequences aa ee ii oo uu became ā ē ī ō ū.

Paleo-Pabappa to Zakap

This branch reduces its vowel system due to Gold influence, even though the shift took place more than a thousand years after Gold's. It may even end up with /a i u/ instead of /a i u ə/.