Siye Phonology
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Consonants | Labial | Coronal | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasals | m [m] | n [n] | |||
Plosives | p [p] [pʰ] | t [t] [tʰ] | k [k] [kʰ] | ||
Fricatives | p [ɸ] | s [s] | s [ʃ] | p [ç] | k [x] |
Affricates | t [ts] [tsʰ] | k [ʧ] [ʧʰ] | p [tçʰ] | k [x] | |
Liquids | w [ʋ] | l [l] | y [j] | ||
Miscellaneous | m [◌̃] |
Outside the City, [ç] merges with [ʃ], even in Standard Siye.
Plosives and affricates are aspirated word-initially and verb-root-initially. Initial aspiration of plosives and affricates is far less common outside the City. m word-finally or before a consonant (including h) indicates a nasal vowel. h [0] is a placeholder after /m/ [ⁿ] and (in Early Siye and dialects) intervocalically.
Affrication | Place of Articulation | Before [u] | Before [i] | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Labial | [p] | [ɸ] | [ç] | |
Initial Labial | [p] | [ɸ] | [tçʰ] | |
Dental | [t] | [ts] | [ʃ] | [ʃ] from [t] is an etymological spelling |
Initial Dental | [tʰ] | [tsʰ] | [ʃ] | [ʃ] from [t] is an etymological spelling |
Velar | [k] | [x] | [tʃ] | |
Initial Velar | [kʰ] | [x] | [tʃʰ] | |
Velar | [k] | [x] | [tʃ] | |
Initial Velar | [kʰ] | [x] | [tʃʰ] | |
Sibilant | [s] | [s] | [ʃ] | |
Initial Sibilant | [s] | [s] | [ʃ] |
Oral Vowels | Front | Center | Back Unrounded | Back Rounds |
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i [i] | u [u] | ||
High Mid | e [e] | o [o] | ||
Low Mid | a [ə] | |||
Open | a [a] |
Nasal Vowels | Front | Center | Back Unrounded | Back Rounds |
---|---|---|---|---|
Close-Mid | im [ɪⁿ] | um [ʊⁿ] | ||
High Mid | ||||
Low Mid | em [ɛⁿ] | um [ʌⁿ] | om [ɔⁿ] | |
Open | am [æⁿ] |
[ə] and [a], [ʊⁿ] and [ʌⁿ] are in free variation;
Update
As of 2246, unvoiced consonants are officially voiced before nasal vowels. In the City, this does not affect initial aspirated consonants, but in those dialects in which initial consonants are not aspirated, this voicing rule applies.