Senjecas - Qinqming, Chinese

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural	V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	CONV = conversive	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	Q = interrogative particle
	ADV = adverb	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation
	AG = agent	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	OCC = occupation suffix	RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	PP = patient (past) participle	SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	INC = inchoative	PRF = perfect	SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)		ELT = elative	IND = indicative	PRV = privative prefix

Text

Qing Ming (Chinese)

First Version

• A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;
• ṡı̋no miim̃aha̋s kinőm sóma főőla:

ṡı̋n-o	miim̃-ah-a̋s	kin-őm	sóma	főől-a
drizzle-N.s	mourn-day-G.s	tear-G.p	like	fall-IND

• The mourner's heart is breaking on his way.
• miim̃lű' sűðo eȝu-ata̋s éna ȝa̋fa:

miim̃l-ű-'	sűð-o	eȝu=at-a̋s	éna	ȝa̋f-a
mourner-G.s-ELIS	heart-N.s	his=way-G.s	on	break-IND

• Where can a winehouse be found to drown his sadness?
• m̃oinde̋mo xáru de̋saþo ı̋lu ma̋ƣa—táádi eȝu-se̋uƣtam ǧaðe̋ȝa:

m̃oin-de̋m-o	xáru	de̋s-a-þ-o	ı̋l-u	ma̋ƣ-a	táádi	eȝu=se̋uƣt-am	ǧað-e̋ȝa
wine-house-N.S	where	find-IND-PP-N.s	become-SUP	be.able-IND	in.order	his=sadness-A.s	drown-SBJ

• A cowherd points to Almond Flower Village in the distance.
• m̃axkőőflu fɪ̋ro da̋bom míƣdalna̋nam sűűta⁝

m̃ax-kőőf-l-u	fɪ̋ro-Ø	da̋b-om	miƣdál-nan-om	sűűt-a
cow-tend-AG-N.s	distant-ABS	village-A.s	almond-flower-A.s.	point.to-IND

Second Version

• It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,
• kesa̋s ȝe̋e̋ram vŭműƣvi ṡı̋na:

kes-a̋s	ȝe̋e̋r-am	vŭ=műƣ=vi	ṡı̋n-a:
spring-G.s	season-A.s	PRV=end-ADV	drizzle-IND

• Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable.
• paavős méṡa ta̋ƣlus þűűnusk̬e a̋umusk̬e ka̋ȝa:

paav-ős	méṡa	ta̋ƣl-us	þűűn-us=k̬e	a̋um-us=k̬e	ka̋ȝ-a
road-G.s	along	traveler-N.p	gloomy-N.p=and	miserable-G.p=and	look-IND

When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,

• méti mu om̃taðlűs husűs o me̋ta—mum xáru saxm̃e̋e̋som de̋su ma̋ƣu—

méti	m-u	om̃taðl-űs	hus-űs	o	me̋t-a	m-um	xáru	sax-m̃e̋e̋s-om	de̋s-u	ma̋ƣ-u
when	1s-N	shepherd-G.s	boy-G.s	to	ask-IND	1s-A	where	beer-house-A.x	find-SUP	be.able-SUP

• he points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.
• éȝu fı̋rom omén̈anőm méða dűpanto da̋vkom sűűta⁝

éȝ-u	fı̋r-om	omén-nan-őm	méða	dűp-a-nto-Ø	da̋v-k-om	sűűt-a
he-N.s	distant-A.s	apricot-blossom-G.p	amidst	nestle-IND-AP-ABS	village-DIM-A.s	point.at-IND