Pronunciation table
| p
|
b
|
f
|
v
|
m̃
|
m
|
|
|
t
|
d
|
þ
|
ð
|
ɫ
|
l
|
|
|
ṡ
|
ż
|
s
|
z
|
r
|
n
|
|
|
k
|
g
|
x
|
ƣ
|
h
|
ȝ
|
|
|
š
|
s̨
|
|
|
i
|
e
|
a
|
õ
|
o
|
u
|
|
|
ĭ
|
ĕ
|
ŭ
|
| /p/
|
/b/
|
/ɸ/
|
/β/
|
/m̥/
|
/m/
|
|
|
/t/
|
/d/
|
/θ/
|
/ð/
|
/l̥/
|
/l/
|
|
|
/ʦ/
|
/ʣ/
|
/s/
|
/z/
|
/ɾ̥/
|
/n/
|
|
|
/k/
|
/g/
|
/ç/
|
/ʝ/
|
/j̊/
|
/j/
|
|
|
/sʷ/
|
/sʲ/
|
|
|
/i/
|
/e/
|
/ä/
|
/ɒ/
|
/o/
|
/u/
|
|
|
/ɪ/
|
/ɛ/
|
/ʊ/
|
m===Glossing abbreviations===
| 1s/p = first person singular/plural
|
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|
CAUS = causative
|
EQU = equative degree
|
INS = instrument
|
Q = interrogative particle
|
| 2s/p = second person singular/plural
|
ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|
DES = desiderative
|
F = feminine
|
INT = intensive prefix
|
QUOT = direct quotation
|
| 3p/m = third person proximal/medial
|
ADV = adverb
|
DIM = diminutive
|
FRQ = frequentative
|
M = masculine
|
REL = relativizer
|
| 4 = fourth person
|
AG = agent
|
ELIS = elision
|
FUT = future
|
PP = patient (past) participle
|
RPRF = recent perfective
|
| A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|
AP = agent (active) participle
|
EP = epenthesis
|
IMP = imperative
|
PRF = perfect
|
SBJ = subjunctive
|
| G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|
AUG = augmentative
|
ELT = elative
|
INC = inchoative
|
PRV = privative prefix
|
SUP = supine
|
| N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|
IND = indicative
|
PST = past
|
|
Adverb
- 1. réiþim- beyond the head of the ship, toward the prow
- őra m̃m̃a̋ka réiþim:
- Full steam ahead!
| őra-Ø |
m̃a̋k-a |
réiþim
|
| all-ABS |
power-N.s |
ahead
|
- 2. n̨ófþi - in or to the front; in advance; ahead
- dı̋mo ṡa n̨ófþi ðe̋e̋a:
- The island lies just ahead.
| dı̋m-o |
ṡa |
n̨ófþi |
ðe̋e̋-a
|
| island-N.s |
just |
ahead |
lie-IND
|
- 3. n̨ófþi - in the direction one is facing or moving
- tu ṡa n̨ófþi fa̋a̋kon na̋ku ma̋a̋ƣƣa:
- Just ahead you can see the cliffs.
| t-u |
ṡa |
n̨ófþi |
fa̋a̋k-on |
na̋k-u |
ma̋a̋ƣ-a
|
| 2s-N |
just |
ahead |
cliff-A.p |
see-SUP |
be.able-IND
|
- 4. pósu - in the future, preceding, afterwards
- ka̋la ke̋e̋sas pós' u-vűűla:
- There will be hard times ahead.
| ka̋la-Ø |
ke̋e̋s-as |
pós-' |
u=vűűl-a
|
| hard-ABS |
time-N.p |
ahead-ELIS |
PST=there.be-IND
|
- 5. mĭme̋m̃u - having progressed more.
- su-dokű' sóma luxsaar̈a̋s túȝa mĭme̋m̃u vűűa:
- He is ahead of his class in math.
| su=dok-ű-' |
sóma |
luxsaar̈-a̋s |
túȝa |
mĭ ~me̋m̃-a-þ-u |
vűű-a
|
| his=class-G.s-ELIS |
than |
math-G.s |
with.respect.to |
ELT~advance-IND-PP-N.s |
be-IND
|
Postposition
- 6. n̨ópa - in front of, before
- ra̋ȝo núm n̨ópa sésvi e-ðe̋e̋a:
- A hill loomed ahead of them.
| ra̋ȝ-o |
n-úm |
n̨ópa |
šín-vi |
e=ðe̋e̋-a
|
| hill-N.s |
3-G.p |
ahead.of |
threatening-ADV |
PST=lie-IND
|
- ı̋ı̋ƣa b̨őlan b̨őlantu. su m̃a̋lum n̨ópa e-ta̋ƣa:
- He travelled in advance of (his) master, making the necessary arrangements
| ı̨̋ƣa-Ø |
b̨ől-an |
b̨ől-a-ntu-Ø |
s-u |
m̃a̋l-um |
n̨ópa |
e=ta̋ƣ-a
|
| necessary-ABS |
arrangement-A.p |
arrange-IND-AP-ABS |
3-N.s |
master-A.s |
in.advance.of |
PST=travel-IND
|
- 8. n̨ópa - preceding; before
- tús n̨ópa pı̋ðo ta̋ƣom ƣe̋va:
- You have a long trip ahead of you.
| t-ús |
n̨ópa |
pı̋ðo-Ø |
ta̋ƣ-om |
ƣe̋v-a
|
| 2s-G |
ahead.of |
long-ABS |
trip-A.s |
have-IND
|
