Lortho

Lortho [loɾtʰo]
Spoken in:	Lortho
Conworld:	A planet which orbits a binary star
Total speakers:	(insufficient data)
Genealogical classification:	(Family) (Branch) (Subbranch) (Language)
Basic word order:	Verb Subject Object
Morphological type:
Morphosyntactic alignment:
Created by:
Brian Bourque	March 2017

Overview

Lortho (IPA : [loɾtʰo]) is an a priori constructed language created by Brian Bourque in the beginning of 2003. It originally started as a prop for a strategy board game where only the script was created for aesthetics. Fast forward about 13 years and it has now evolved into a fusional-agglutinative language. The verbs are changed in conjugation; however, suffixes and prefixes are added to nouns to denote case.

Alphabet and Script

Alphabet

Lortho is written from left to right.

The alphabet consists of 22 letters, of which one is a vowel. All other vowels are written as diacritics. NOTE: This script only includes the letters of the alphabet. Diacritics will be used to denote vowels (except [ i ] ) and these are still in development. If anyone has suggestions for these diacritics, please feel free to click on the "talk" link in my signature.

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Plosive	p pʰ b		t d tʰ dʰ					k kʰ			ʔ
Nasal	m mː		n nː
Trill
Tap or Flap			ɾ
Fricative		f		s	ʃ						h
Lateral fricative
Approximant
Lateral approximant			l lʰ

Vowels

There are five vowels, four of which are written using diacritics. Lortho is very strict when pronouncing vowels.

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i				u
Near-close
Close-mid					o
Mid
Open-mid	ɛ
Near-open
Open					ɑ

Grammar

The grammar in Lortho is accomplished through both inflection and agglutination.

Noun Cases[1]

Lortho has nine cases:

Case	Modifier	Example	English
Nominative	-	kɑnsɑptʰɑ	forest, woods
Accusative	-mɛ	kɑnsɑptʰɑmɛ	forest (direct obj.)
Dative	-mɛlɑ	kɑnsɑptʰɑmɛlɑ	forest (indirect obj.)
Genitive¹	(see below)	nimakɑnsɑptʰɑ	our forest
Sublative	-inɑ/ɛnɑ	kɑnsɑptʰɑɪnɑ	in/into the forest
Ablative	-(ɛ)nat	kɑnsɑptʰɑnɑt	out of (from) the forest
Allative	-dɑn	kɑnsɑptʰɑdɑn	to/towards the forest
Prolative	-dɑnɑɾ	kɑnsɑptʰɑdɑnɑɾ	through the forest
Instructive	-lɛn	tʰomidin kɑnsɑptʰɑlɑn	I live off of the forest
Vocative	fa-	still in development

¹Genitive Case

The genitive, or possessive, case is formed by using personal prefixes to the nouns:

Person	Singular			Plural
	masc	fem	neut	masc	fem	neut
1st person	ni-	nu-	-	nimɑ-	numɑ-	-
2nd person	lin-	lun-	-	nɑni-	nɑnu-	-
3rd person	li-	lu-	lɑ-	limi-	limu-	limɑ-

Gender and Number Agreement

There are three rules for noun-adjective-verb agreement:

1. Verbs must match number and gender of the noun.
2. Adjectives must match noun gender, but not number or grammatical case.
3. When a specific noun is counted, the noun does not take the plural since the ordinal number denotes pluralization.

Examples

English	Lortho
We walk through their forest	[mɑlʰiɾinɑn limakɑnsɑptʰɑdɑnɑɾ]
He sat on his chair	[ʃɑɪlɑnikʰi lidʰɑmːɔɪna]

Verbs

There are three major verb types: -o verbs, -t verbs, and -n verbs. Each follow a general rule for conjugation.

-o verbs

-o verbs are conjugated by subtracting the -o and adding the personal endings.

-t verbs

-t verbs are conjugated by changing the -t to -d then adding the personal endings

-n verbs

-n verbs do not change and personal endings are simply added to the verb. The exception to this rule is the verb [hɑɾlɑn] to be, which will be discussed later.

Present Tense
-o Verbs [konpʰɑɾo] to speak		-t Verbs [pʰɾɑmit] to push		-n Verbs [ʃɑɪlɑn] to sit
konpʰɑɾin, -un	-inɑn, -unɑn	pʰɾɑmidin, -dun	-dinɑn, -dunan	ʃɑɪlɑnin, -un	-inɑn, -unan
-ɑnːi, -ɑnːu	-ɑmin, -ɑmun	-dɑnːi, -dɑnːu	-dɑmin, -dɑmun	-ɑnːi, -ɑnːu	-ɑmin, -ɑmun
-i, -u, -ɑ	-imi, -imu, -imɑ	-di, -u, -ɑ	-dimi, -dimu, -dimɑ	-i, -u, -ɑ	-imi, -imu, -imɑ

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"A man is only as big as the dream he dares to live." - No Fear Brian Bourque (talk) 17:15, 18 March 2017 (PDT)