Proto-Uralic/N

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< Proto-Uralic
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A-stems ə-stems Unclear Ratio
*-m- *čama "direct", *emä "mother", *jama- "be sick", *kama "peel", *kuma "turned", *kämä "hard", *ĺümä "glue", *ńo(xə)ma- "hare", *oma "old", *śuma "cap" *(ń)imə- "suck", *jëmə "gruel" (?), *komɜ "hollow" (?) *lumə "snow", *lämə "broth", *ĺëmə "bird cherry", *nimə "name", *śëmə "scales" *amɜ- "to scoop", *imɜ "grandmother", *ku(xə)mɜ "snow", *kumɜ "cloud", *śomɜ "sorrow" 9+1 : 6+2 ≈ 1.5
*-n- *enä "big", *ëna "mother-in-law", *ona "short", #kana "armpit", *mana- "to say" (?), *muna "egg", *puna "hair", *puna- "to plait", #śEnä "mushroom", *śona "sleigh" (?) *änə "sound", *kanə- "to carry" *menə- "to go", *monə "many", *panə- "to put", *sënə "vein", *śinə "coal", *tonə- "to know", *wenə- "to stretch" *konɜ "on back", #mEnɜ "curve", *mänɜ- "to get free" 9+2 : 9 ≈ 1
*-ń- *ańa "older F relat", *kuńa- "to blink", *küńä "elbow", *leńä "soft", *mińä "daughter-in-law", *pańa- "to press" *ëńə "tame", *peńə "spoon", *puńə- "to twist" *mińɜ "sky" 6 : 3 ≈ 2
*-ŋ- *aŋₓa- "to open", *čaŋ₁a- "to hit", *müŋ₁ä "behind" *jäŋ₁ə "ice", *kaŋ₁ərə "bow", *loŋ₁ə- "to throw", *piŋ₁ə "tooth", *päŋₓə "head", *püŋ₁ə "hazelhen", *säŋ₁ə "air", *šiŋ₁ərə "mouse", *wiŋ₁ə "end"

*o(w?)ŋ₂ə "mouth", *kuŋ₂ə "moon", *peŋ₂ərä "wheel", *po(w?)ŋ₂ə "breast", *soŋ₂ə- "to come in", *soŋ₂ə- "to wish", *suŋ₂ə "summer", *śiŋ₂ə "corner", *šoŋₓə "ghost", *tüŋ₂ə "base"
*ĺäŋ₁ɜsɜ "vessel", #wiŋ₂ü "son-in-law" 3 : 19 ≈
*-mp- *kompa "wave" *lämpə "warm" *ćumpɜ "vessel", *lëmpɜ "bog" 1 : 1 ≈ 1
*-mt- *ëmta- "to give", *lëmta "land" *omtə "hollow", *kumtə "wide", *tumtə- "to feel" - 2 : 3 ≈ 0.7
*-nt- *kan-ta- "to carry", *käntä "edge" (?), *kënta "tree stump", *konta "cold", *konta "group", *lunta "goose", *mentä- "to miss", *pEntä "cover" *jäntə "string" - 7+1 : 1 ≈ 7
*-nč-
*-nś- *onśa "part", *śinśä "breast" *kunśə "urine" (= *kunśə "ant"?), *lanśə "soft", *sVnśə- "to stand" - 2 : 3+1 ≈ 0.7
*-ŋk- *ćüŋkä "hill", *jäŋkä "swamp", *paŋka "handle", *pëŋka "mushroom", *puŋka "tuber", *śaŋka- "to sting", *šoŋka "old" *ćaŋkə "lump", *čeŋkə "breath, steam", *këŋkə- "to climb", *woŋkə "hole" *mAŋkɜ "body", *śäŋkɜ- "to break" (or plain *-ŋ-?)
  • äjmä "needle"
  • ajŋə "brain", *wajŋə "soul"