Proto-Uralic/I
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| Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Permic | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoy. | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Std. PU *i_i | ||||||||||
| "to suck" | *ime- | ńɤmɤ- | - | - | K. ńim- | ëm- | - | *eem- | ńim-, əm- | Two variants *imi-, *ńimi- |
| "stone" | *kivi | - | kev | *küj | U. kɤ ~ K. ki | köv- | *käw | *kööɣ | - | |
| "year ring" | *süü | *sēvɤ | - | *šɪja | *si | - | *täw | - | *tiə | *siwi? |
| "name" | *nimi | *nɤmɤ | ĺem | *lʏm | *ńim | neev | *näm | *neem | *nim | Cf. IE; PBS *inmen- |
| "long" | *pit-kä | - | - | - | - | fël-, föl- | *pälit | *peɬ- | *pir- | |
| "tooth" | *pii | (*pānē) | pej | *püj | *piń | fog | *päŋk | *pööŋk | - | |
| "mouse" | *hiiri | - | *šeŋəŕ | - | *šɨr | egeer | *täŋkər | *ɬööŋkər | - | |
| "hedgehog" | *siili | - | *śejəĺ | Hi. šülə ~ Me. šulo |
- | †sül | "soule" | - | - | *śixili, ix → iw → ü in H? |
| "ceiling space" | *sii- | - | - | - | *śig | - | - | *siiŋ | *sêŋ | |
| "last" | *vii- | - | - | - | - | veeg | - | - | - | |
| "knife" | - | - | - | kʏzə | - | keeš | *käšV | *kööčəɣ | - | |
| "to scrape" | - | - | - | - | *ńir- | ńiir- | - | - | Ne. ńira- | |
| "cloud" | *pilvi | *pɤlvɤ | peĺ | *pəl | *piĺ- | felhöö | - | *peləŋ | - | Kh. *e / _CC? |
| "tongs" | *pihti | *pɤstɤ | peš | - | K. peš | - | - | - | - | |
| "silicon" | *pii | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | #pAj | If not same as *piŋi. |
| "to stay" | *pis-ü- | - | *pezə- | pižä- | - | - | - | - | - | 2ndary labialization in F. pysy- etc. |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "visible" | *ilmi | *ɤlmɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← *ilma |
| "wonder" | *imeh | *ɤmɤs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← B? |
| "5" | *viici | *vītɤ | *veťɜ | *vəəć | *vit | öt | *ät | *weet | *wüt | H. *wi- → ö-. FS *wiiti |
| "gadfly" | - | - | - | - | - | - | *päləm | *peeɬəm | #pil- | |
| Long? | ||||||||||
| "coal" | - | čīnɤ | - | - | - | seen | - | - | - | |
| Std. PU *i_a (*i_ä) | ||||||||||
| "eye" | *silmä | *čɤlmē | *śeĺmɜ | *s/šinzä | *śin(m-) | sëm | *šäm | *seem | *səjmä | |
| "father; big" | *isä | *ɤčē | Mk. oćä | *ɪza | - | öös | *äs | - | *äjsä | Contam. of *äjjä + *iśä in Smy? Mk from oću "big" < *ićäw (cf. F. *isoi)? |
| "to appear" | *itä- | *ɤcé- | *ätər- | *eet- | *ətä- | Cf. IE *ǵīd- | ||||
| "to pass over" | - | *vɤlē- | - | - | *vi- | öl- | *äl- | *weeɬ- | H. *wi- → ö- | |
| "to smell" | - | ɤpsē- | Mk. opəś | *üpš- | K. is- | iiz- | *ät- | *eepəɬ- | *əptə- | |
| "to cover" | *pint-eh | - | - | - | *pod | fëd- | *pänt- | *peent- | - | |
| "age" | *ikä | *(j)ɤkē | ij | - | - | eev | - | - | - | ← IE? |
| "crowd" | - | *vɤlvē | *veĺɜ | *-wəlä | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "slanted" | *vino | *vɤńē | Er. veńaža | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "gap" | - | - | - | *wiš | *vis | - | - | - | - | |
| "trap" | *rita | *rɤtē | - | *lüðe | K. *ri | - | - | - | - | |
| "to stick" | *pistä- | *pɤstē- | - | Hi. pište- ~ Me. pɤšte- | - | - | - | - | - | *pis-tä-, cf. "to stay" |
| "more, to add" | *lisä | *lɤsē | *ĺezɜ | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "rowan" | *pihlaka | - | *piźəl | *pɪzlə | U. paledź ~ K. pelɨź |
- | *päćər | *pećər | - | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| *i_o? | ||||||||||
| "to bind" | *sito- | - | sodo- | *šüðəkš | - | - | - | - | - | umlaut in Mo? ô doesn't fit Mari |
| Loans | ||||||||||
| "place" | *sija | *sɤjē | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← Gmc. *stīja- |
| "office, position" | *virka | *vīrkē | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← Gmc. *wirkja-; F. *virka "sign" ← B. *virge-. Nen. ẃārkā (← *wärkä) "to lasso" doesn't belong |
| Samic *ī_ē | ||||||||||
| "breast" | *nisä | *ńīńčē | *ńimsä- | Somewhat regular. S. *i → *í also before palatals? (not in *mińa) | ||||||
| "little bird" | - | *cīcē- | - | - | K. džɨdž | - | - | *čiinč | *sinsä- | Onomatopoetic? |
| "to let go" | - | *tīptē- | tuvto- | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "sno, frost" | - | *rīnē | - | *rün | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Permic e ~ o | ||||||||||
| "daughter-in-law" | *miniä | *mɤńē | - | - | U. -meń ~ K. moń | mëń | mäń | *meeń | *mäńä | |
| "to rut" | *kej-ma, *kii-ma | *kīkɤ- | - | - | U. kemdžɨ- ~ K. koj | kej-, höö | *käj- | *kööj- | - | *kixi ? S. *kēj-mē- ← F. |
| "to pull" | *kisko- | *kɤškó- | Er. śkiŕa- ~ Mk. kəśkəŕa- | - | U. keśɯ- ~ K. koś- | kiisaal- | - | - | - | Cf. *kičke- |
| Messy stuff | ||||||||||
| "son-in-law" | *vävü | *vīvɤ | ov | Hi. wiŋgə ~ Me. weŋə | - | vöö | - | *wööŋ | *wiŋə | Analogy in F from *kälü "daughter-in-law", loaned to S before that? |
| "knee ~ elbow" | - | - | - | - | *pidźəs | - | *päs | - | - | |
| "frost" | - | *pīcē | - | *pöršə | *puuž | - | - | *paačəm | - | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "dark" | *pim-eða | - | - | - | *peĺmɨt | - | - | - | *pəjmətä | *-ðʲm- ? cf. Smy. #pij "dark" |
| "to unhair" | *nivo- | *nɤvē- | ńeveĺ- | - | - | - | - | *noow- | *nɯŋkə- | |
| "weather" | *ilma | *ɤlmē | - | - | U. in ~ K. jen | - | *jiiləm | *jiiɬəm | - | |
| "to sho" | *viisA- | - | - | - | U. vodź- ~ K. vidź- | viɟaaz- | - | - | - | Cf. Gmc. |
| "slanted" | *vita | - | vaša- | Hi. wočɤk ~ Me. wažɤk | U. vož ~ K. viž | - | - | - | - | P. "intersection" |
| "to tear" | *riicu- | *rīččō- | - | - | *reź- | - | - | - | - | |
| "" | *riihi | - | - | - | U. inšɨr ~ K. rɨnɨš | E. rehi. Cf. Ger. Riege?! | ||||
| "short; to cut" | - | - | - | - | - | rövid | - | *riiɣ- | - | |
| "narro" | - | - | ťäj- | - | - | - | - | - | *tij- | |
| "decking" | - | - | - | - | K. tis(k)a | - | - | - | Ne. ćet ~ Ka. tɤɤʔ | |
| "grave" | - | - | - | *šüɣer | - | šiir | - | - | - | |
| "to run; to hurry" | - | - | čije- | - | - | šiet- | *ćüw-, *śiɣ- | - | - | |
| "smoke; fog" | - | - | - | - | *čɨŋ | - | *šeeŋkʷ- | *čüüɣ | Rather *äx or something | |
| "smell" | - | *cīvnɤ | čijńe | - | - | - | - | - | - | *čixi-ni? |
| "to shine" | - | - | - | - | - | süt- | šit- | - | - | |
| "sleigh belt" | - | *čɤnɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | Ne. śään | ← IE? |
| "hill" | E. süŋk | - | - | *šʏŋɣä | - | šeg | *ćääŋk(ʷ) | *ćooŋk | S *čoaŋkē "tuber" cf. F. *soŋka | |
| "all" | - | - | - | *ćɪlä | *ćɨl- | - | - | - | - | |
| "fang" | - | *čɤlā- | ćilä | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "sap" | - | - | - | - | *li | - | - | - | Kam. "lêji" | |
| "to moov" | *liikku- | - | - | - | - | - | *luk-, *läkʷ- | *ɬok- | *ləkə- | |
| "sand" | *liiva | - | - | - | U. luo ~ K. lɨva | - | - | *ḷowi | ||
| "to smash" | *licca- | - | - | *ləzərte- ~ "JU" lazerte- | K. ĺićkɨ- | |||||
| "" | *lippi | - | Er. ĺipuža ~ Mk. ĺebžat |
- | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "fire" | - | - | - | - | - | tüüz | *täwət | *töɣət | - | ? *tiwätə, or *ü with SMs irregular? |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
