Kythish lexicon

This is a list of Kythish words.

Entries are ordered thus: spelling /pronunciation/ part of speech definition — notes & etymology. Where irregular forms are listed, only the relevant inflections are given. Pronunciations are broadly transcribed, with canonical, phonemic values.

n. = noun; v. = verb; a. = adjective or adverb; p. = pronoun (personal, interrogative or demonstrative); c. = conjunction; f. = affix; i. = interjection

dial. = dialectal; colloq. = colloquial; irreg. = irregular; obs. = obsolete

a

• aaś /æːʃ/ n. The letter a. — Old English æsc, ash (see aś, below). Long vowel is common to all letter names.
• abawƿ /ˈæbæʊw/ n. Apple. — Either Old English æppel or Welsh afal. Influence of both is likely.
• ac /æk/ p. dial. I. — Variant of ec, q.v.
• -an /æn/ f. Marks the infinitive of verbs. — Irregular derivation of Old English -an.
• aŋywƿ /ˈæŋəʊw/ n. Angel; saintly person. — Old English ængel, variant of engel, angel.
• asće /ˈæsxə/ n. Ash (dust formed from burning). — Old English æsce, ashes.
• aś /æʃ/ n. Ash tree; pole or pole-arm. — Old English æsc, ash.

á

• ánei /ˈaːnɛɪ/ a. Any. — Old English ǽnig, ǽneg, any.

b

• bycwynan /bəˈkʊənæn/ v. colloq. To teach. — Affixation of by-, a causative, to cwynan, q.v. Normal verb of teaching is ceinan.
• bycwynár /bəˈkʊənar/ n. colloq. A teacher.
• bywć /bəʊx/ n. Cow. — Welsh buwch, cow.

c

• cawðan /ˈkæʊðæn/ v. To be famous. — Either Old English cúð, known, or Kythish cwynan, q.v. Not found in Middle Hacean.
• cawðár /ˈkæʊðar/ n. Celebrity.
• ceinan /ˈkɛɪnæn/ v. To teach. — Old English cennan, causative of cunnan, to know.
• ceináiþ /ˈkɛɪnaɪθ/ n. Education.
• ceinár /ˈkɛɪnar/ n. Teacher.
• ceine /ˈkɛɪnə/ n. Lesson.
• ceinlýs /ˈkɛɪnlɜs/ a. Uneducated. — Literally "lessonless", from ceine and the suffix -lýs.
• ceinon /ˈkɛɪnɔn/ n. Student.
• coo /kɔː/ n. Cat. — Old English cat.
• coozðopan /ˌkɔːˈzðɔpæn/ v. To tip-toe, to creep. — Literally "cat-step", compound of coo, cat, and sþopan, to walk, q.v.
• coozðopár /ˌkɔːˈzðɔpar/ n. One who creeps, or a creeper (plant).
• coozðopyrár /ˌkɔːˈzðɔpərar/ n. A spy or cat-burgler. — Frequentative of coozðopár, with suitably magnified meaning.
• cwynan /ˈkʊənæn/ irreg. v. To know. — Old English cunnan

1st Person	Present	Past
Imperfective	cwyn	cawð
Perfective	cwynaf	cawðaf
2nd Person	Present	Past
Imperfective	cwyns	cawþs
Perfective	cwynas	cawðas
3rd Person	Present	Past
Imperfective	cwynþ	cawþ
Perfective	cwynaþ	cawðaþ

• cwynáiþ /ˈkʊənaɪθ/ n. Knowledge. — From the verb.
• cwyne /ˈkʊənə/ n. Something known; a piece of information. — From the verb.
• cwynyran /ˈkʊənəræn/ v. To be knowledgeable. — Frequentative of cwynan.
• cwynyrár /ˈkʊənərar/ n. A sage.

ć

• ćjaap /xjæːp/ n. A lean or worthless sheep, specifically one from a highland area; humorously, a goat. — Originally a dialectal variation of sćjowp, sheep, presumably from around the banoǵacei region.

d

• duźe /ˈdʌʒə/ n. Pet dog, or broadly, any pet. — Old English docga, dog.
• dẃdan /ˈduːdæn/ v. To delay, to deceive. — Old English dydrian, to lead hither and thither.
• dwnrainyn /dʊnˈræɪnən/ i. It's raining (down). — From dwn-, down, and rainyn, continuative of rainan, q.v.
• dẃdár /ˈduːdar/ n. A delayer, a deceiver; One who obstructs.
• dẃde /ˈduːdə/ n. A delay. — From the verb.
• dẃiráin /duɪˈraɪn/ n. colloq. A downpour. — Nordaþ dyrain, itself a borrowing of Kythish dwnrainyn, q.v. Nordaþ territory is significantly wetter than much of the Kythe, so their rain is a Kythishman's torrent.
• dẃiráinan /duɪˈraɪnæn/ v. colloq. To pour with rain. — From the noun.

ð

• ða /ðæ/ p. Thou. — Old English ðú. A better form is ðaw, q.v.
• ðaa /ðæː/ c. That. — Old English ðæt, neuter singular of ðe or se, the.
• ðaðar /ˈðæðær/ p. That (inanimate object or concept). — Middle Hacean ðaa ðar, that there; see ðaa and ðar. The animate equivalent is sei.
• ðahair /ˈðæhæɪr/ p. This (inanimate object or concept). — Middle Hacean ðaa heer, that here; see ðaa and hair. The animate equivalent is ðeis.
• ðajun /ˈðæjʌn/ p. Yon (inanimate object or concept). — Middle Hacean ðaa giun, that yonder; see ðaa and jun. The animate equivalent is seijun.
• ðar /ðær/ a. There. — Old English ðær.
• ðaw /ðæʊ/ p. dial. Thou. — A large number of rural dialects retain this instead of the standard ða, where the final -w was lost for unknown reasons.
• ðeis /ðɛɪs/ p. This (animate object). — Old English ðes, this. The inanimate equivalent is ðahair.

e

• ec /ɛk/ p. I. — Old English ic. In metropolitan hácei and þýcod, ac is also commonly used.

f

• fjúþ /fjɑːθ/ n. Hate. — Nordaþ fjaþ, hate. Largely replaced native caes, q.v.
• fjúþan /ˈfjɑːθæn/ v. To hate. — As above. Largely replaced native caesan, hotan, q.v.
• fjúþár /ˈfjɑːθar/ n. Hater.
• fjúþon /ˈfjɑːθɔn/ n. Subject of hate.
• fjúþyrár /ˈfjɑːθərar/ n. Enemy, esp. political. — Political rhetoric, lit. "habitual hater". See also fjýþyrar.
• fjúþyron /ˈfjɑːθərɔn/ n. Victim, as of hate crimes. — Political rhetoric.
• fjúþyronan /fjɑˈθərɔnæn/ v. To victimise. — Not commonly used outside of political correctness camps, where it originates.
• fjýþyrar /ˈfjɜːθərar/ n. Humorously, any leftist. — Representation of the pronunciation of fjúþyrár by teofan schjómocar (who spoke with a caźowm accent, a southern dialect), a right-wing politician famed for accusing anyone he disliked of being an 'enemy of the Kythe'.

h

• hai /hæɪ/ p. He; she. — Old English hé, he. Kythish has lost the distinction between masculine and feminine that English has, and gained a much more pronounced distinction between animate and inanimate, see hee. Though largely obsolete, one may also find hjó in highly 'backward' dialects.
• hair /hæɪr/ a. Here. — Old English hér.
• hee /hɛː/ p. It. — Old English hit, neuter of hé, see hai.
• hjó /hjoː/ p. obs./dial. She. — Old English heó, feminine of hé, see hai.
• hwnd /hʊnd/ n. Hound, dog. — Old English hund, hound.
• hwndan /ˈhʊndæn/ v. To track or chase. — From hwnd, above.
• hẃd /huːd/ n. Guard dog. — Middle Hacean huud, dialectal form of huund, hund (= hwnd, q.v.).
• hẃdan /ˈhuːdæn/ v. To guard (as a dog). — From hẃd, above.
• hẃdár /ˈhuːdar/ n. colloq. Bouncer (of a night club). — On the notion that they guard like dogs, of course.

j

• jun /jʌn/ a. Yonder. — Old English geon, yon.

m

• moeć /mɔɛx/ n. Pig. — Welsh moch, pigs (the singular being mochyn).
• mon /mɔn/ irreg. n. Man. — Old English man. Common in compounds, but less used than ƿeir when referring to a male adult.

Dual	meinaz, monaz
Plural	mein

ŋ

• ŋjoẃƿan /ˈŋjɔuwæn/ v. To argue, to contend. — Old English cneátian, to argue. Note that the ƿ in this case is not part of the root, merely a joining to the suffix -an; i.e. the 1st person present indicative is ŋjoẃ.
• ŋowƿan /ˈŋɔʊwæn/ v. slang To have a gut feeling for, to strongly feel. — Old English cnáwan, to know.
• ŋúr /ŋɑːr/ Small ship (e.g. a yacht). — Old English cnear, cnearr, from a Norse source, akin to Icelandic knörr.
• ŋúran /ˈŋɑːræn/ To pilot a small ship; to sail leisurely. — From the noun.
• ŋúrmon /ˈŋɑːrmɔn/ A yachter. — Literally "yacht-man".

o

• oor /ɔːr/ n. Otter. — Old English otor, otter.

r

• rain /ræɪn/ n. Rain. — Old English rén, rain.
• rainan /ˈræɪnæn/ v. To rain. — From the noun.

ŕ

• ŕowƿan /ˈʀɔʊwæn/ v. To crow; to croak. — Old English cráwan, to crow.
• ŕowƿár /ˈʀɔʊwar/ n. Crow. — Formed from the verb, but less common than ŕowƿe, below.
• ŕowƿe /ˈʀɔʊwə/ n. Crow. — Old English cráwe, a crow (lit. crower).

s

• sćjowp /sxjɔʊp/ n. Sheep. — Old English sceáp, sheep. See also ćjaap.
• sei /sɛɪ/ p. That (animate object). — Old English se, the. The inanimate equivalent is ðaðar.
• seijun /ˈsɛɪjʌn/ p. Yon (animate object). — Appears to be an artificial compound of sei and jun, on analogy to the inanimate equivalent, ðajun, q.v.
• seiźan /ˈsɛɪʒæn/ v. To say, to utter. — Old English secgan, to say. Not the basic verb of speech, which is sfreican, q.v.
• sfreican /ˈsfrɛɪcæn/ irreg. v. To speak, to say. — Old English sprecan, to speak.

1st Person	Present	Past
Imperfective	sfreic	sfrac
2nd Person	Present	Past
Imperfective	sfreics	sfracs
3rd Person	Present	Past
Imperfective	sfreicþ	sfracþ

• sja /sjæ/ n. Romantic love. — Middle Hacean sia, further etymology unknown.
• stape /ˈstæpə/ n. A footstep, a pace. — Old English stæpe, a step. Doublet of stope.
• stopan /ˈstɔpæn/ v. To walk. — Old English stapan, to go or advance.
• stope /ˈstɔpə/ n. A style of walk. — From the verb. Doublet of stape.
• stopyne /ˈstɔpənə/ n. A walk, a trek. — Formed from the continuative of the verb.

ƿ

• ƿaar /wæːr/ n. Water. — Old English ƿæter, water.
• ƿaaran /ˈwæːræn/ v. To water. — From the noun.
• ƿá /waː/ a. Wet. — Old English ƿǽt, wet.
• ƿájan /ˈwaːjæn/ v. colloq. To wet. — Formed from the noun in lieu of ƿán, q.v.
• ƿán /waːn/ irreg. v. To wet. — Old English ƿǽtan, to wet. Only the infinitive is irregular, all other forms inflect from a root of ƿá. See also ƿájan.