IPA

From FrathWiki
Revision as of 13:50, 7 August 2009 by Tropylium (talk | contribs) (link cleanup)
Jump to navigationJump to search

The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabet designed to represent the sounds of various languages. See Wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet.

Pulmonic Consonants

Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical
Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal
Nasal m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ N/A
Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ N/A ʡ ʔ
Affricate pf bv ts dz ʧ ʤ ʈʂ ɖʐ ɟʝ kx    
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ
Approximant β̞ ʋ ɹ̪ ɹ ɹ̠ ɻ j ɰ ʁ̞ ʕ̞
Trill ʙ r N/A ʀ
Tap or Flap [[Labiodental flap|Template:B\]] ɾ̪ ɾ ɾ̠ ɽ
Lateral affricate N/A N/A
Lateral fricative ɬ̪ ɮ̪ ɬ ɮ ɬ̠ ɮ̠ ɭ̝ ʎ̝ ʟ̝
Lateral approximant l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Non-pulmonic Consonants

Clicks Voiced Implosives Ejectives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial ʼ as in:
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar Bilabial
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal Dental/alveolar
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar Velar
ǁ Lateral alveolar ʛ Uvular Alveolar fricative

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i · y ɨ · ʉ ɯ · u
ɪ · ʏ ʊ
Close-mid e · ø ɘ · ɵ ɤ · o
ə
Open-mid ɛ · œ ɜ · ɞ ʌ · ɔ
æ ɐ
Open a · ɶ ɑ · ɒ

Other Symbols

ʍ Voiceless labial-velar fricative (approximant)
w Voiced labial-velar approximant
ɥ Voiced labial-palatal approximant
ɕ ʑ Alveolo-palatal fricatives
ɺ Lateral alveolar flap
ɧ Simultaneous ʃ and x.
Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.

k͡p t͡s

Suprasegmentals

ˈ Primary stress ˌfoʊnəˈtɪʃən
ˌ Secondary stress
ː Long
ˑ Half-long
˘ Extra short ĕ
. Syllable break ɹi.ækt
Minor (foot) group
Major (intonation) group
Linking (absence of a break)

Tones & Word Accents

Level Contour
e̋ or ˥
é ˦
ē ˧
è ˨
ȅ ˩

Diacritics

̥ Voiceless n̥ ̤ Breathy voiced b̤ a̤ ̪ Dental
̬ Voiced ̰ Creaky voiced b̰ a̰ ̺ Apical t̺ d̺
ʰ Aspirated tʰ dʰ ̼ Linguolabial ̻ Laminal t̻ d̻
˒ More rounded ɔ̜ ʷ Labialized tʷ dʷ ~ Nasalized ẽ
˓ Less rounded ɔ̹ ʲ Palatalized tʲ dʲ
˖ Advanced ˠ Velarized tˠ dˠ ˡ Lateral release
˗ Retracted ˤ Pharyngealized tˤ dˤ ̚ No audible release d̚
¨ Centralized ë ̴ Velarized or pharyngealized ɫ
̽ Mid-centralized e̽ ˔ Raised e̝ (ɹ̝ = Voiced alveolar fricative)