Calineg
Calineg (i Galineg) is an a posteriori language that is a modern descendant of Proto-Italo-Celtic. Calineg has been systematically derived from Proto-Celtic and Proto-Italic roots that best approximate a synthesis of these branches. The vocabulary also shows early pseudo-historical borrowing from Latin and later Brythonic loanwords.
Calian Calineg | |
Spoken in: | Calen (Cale) |
Conworld: | Alternate Europe |
Total speakers: | Unknown |
Genealogical classification: | Indo-European
|
Basic word order: | VSO (V1) |
Morphological type: | inflecting |
Morphosyntactic alignment: | nominative-accusative |
Writing system: | |
Created by: | |
K. Willis | circa 2000-2008 C.E. |
See Nosuch Galinegi! Learn Calineg! for more information on the language.
History
Proto-Calinic diverged from Proto-Italo-Celtic sometime before the first millennium B.C.E. Widely spoken across Central Europe, Common Calinc stone inscriptions have been found dating as early as the 3rd century B.C.E. Common Calinic speakers were first attested in Roman works of the 1st century B.C.E.
The earliest extant sources identifiable as Calineg go back to about the 1st century C.E. Very little of the language from this period, known as Early Calineg (Calineg fora), remains. The next main period, somewhat better attested, is Old Calineg (Hena Galineg) from the 3rd to 9th centuries. The period also saw the borrowing of numerous Latin words, especially in technical language. Middle Calineg (Calineg metha), with its soaring epic poetry, runs into the 11th century. Modern Calineg consists of two distinct periods. It was marked by the extensive influx of Brythonic words after the incorporation of Belgium (Gwala Felga) in North Burgundy (Borgone Golethole) into Calen. Early Modern Calineg (Calineg thiwetha bora) officially began with the drafting of The Alliance of Calen and the United Burgundy (Ir Hocida’r Gale a’r Borgone Eloge) in 937 C.E. Similarly, Late Modern Calineg (Calineg thiwetha netha) began with the drafting of the Unification of the Two Kingdoms (Eloga’r thua Wala) in 1474 C.E. Current linguistic debate centers over whether the modern era has ended and Post-Modern Calineg (Calineg thiwetha hura) began with the widespread education and media publication that effectively made the oral register the only language of the people in the latter half of the 20th century.
Phonology
Vowels
Vowels | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
High | i | u | ||||||||
Near-high | ||||||||||
High-mid | e | o | ||||||||
Mid | ||||||||||
Low-mid | ||||||||||
Near-low | ||||||||||
Low | a |
Consonants
Consonants | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ng | |||||||||||||||
Plosive | p | b | t | d | c | g | ch | |||||||||||
Fricative | f | th | s | |||||||||||||||
Affricate | ||||||||||||||||||
Approximants | w | h | ||||||||||||||||
Trill | r | |||||||||||||||||
Lateral Approximant | rh | lh |
Stress and Pitch
Stress in polysyllabic words occurs on the penultimate syllable, with rare exceptions. Monosyllabic words are always treated as stressed. Because of a shift in stress position, related words may sound very different as declension, conjugation or compound formation change the word length.
Stress on penultimate syllables is characterised by a low pitch, which is followed by a high pitch on the (unstressed) word-final syllable.
Morphology
- *
Radical Soft Nasal Aspirate p b mh ph b f m t d nh th d dd n c g ngh ch g U+∅x ng m f ll l rh r
A blank cell indicates no change.