Chinese sound correspondences

Symbols

• P = MC labial (幫滂並明)
• T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)
• TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)
• S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)
• SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)
• SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)
• K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影雲以)

Rimes

通攝 Tong She

Rime	Middle Chinese		Mandarin Beijing	Yue Canton	Minnan Taiwan	Hakka	Japanese		Korean
	Karlgren	Baxter					Kan-On	Go-On
東（一等）	ung	uwng	ong /uŋ/ eng /ɤŋ/ /P_	ung /uŋ/
冬	uong	owng	ong /uŋ/ (does not occur /P_)	ung /uŋ/
東（三等）	i̯ung	juwng	ong /uŋ/ eng /ɤŋ/ /P_	ung /uŋ/
鍾	i̯wong	jowng	ong /uŋ/ iong /yuŋ/ /x_ eng /ɤŋ/ /P_	ung /uŋ/
東（一等入）	uk	uwk	u /u/	uk /uk/
冬（入）	uok	owk	u /u/	uk /uk/
東（三等入）	i̯uk	juwk	mostly u /u/ and ü /y/ /K_ but: ou /ou/ (軸粥熟肉) iu /jou/ (宿六) uo /uo/ (縮)	uk /uk/
鍾（入）	i̯wok	jowk	mostly u /u/ and ü /y/ /K_ but: ü /y/ (續綠)	uk /uk/

Resources

Middle Chinese

• Introduction to historical Chinese phonology (PDF)
• Middle Chinese lookup tool
• Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Initials
• Comparative Chart of Middle Chinese Finals
• Baxter's Middle Chinese spelling
• Middle Chinese rime characters (Ignores Chongniu)

Modern Chinese

• Putonghua lookup
• Guoyu lookup
• Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka lookup
• Cantonese lookup
• Taiwanese lookup

Sino-Xenic

• Japanese Wiktionary (Kan-on, Go-on lookup)
• Hanja lookup
• Sino-Vietnamese lookup