Lâmian

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Lâmian(lâm.:Leithet)
Pronounced: léy-thet
Timeline and Universe: Alternate Earth, ~500 BC- ~200 AD
Species: Human
Spoken: South Germany
Total speakers: at least 500.000
Writing system: an modified Etruscian
Genealogy: Lâmian Language Family
Lâmian
Typology
Morphological type: agglutinative
Morphosyntactic alignment: Nominative-Accusative
Basic word order: SOV
Credits
Creator: Ell Crasses
Created: June 2007

Lâmian is the oldest documented language of the Lâmian Language Family and was spoken by the ancient tribes of the Lâmians, before the Roman Empire made them to leave in the north.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stops, voiceless p t c
Stops, voiced b d g
Fricatives, voiceless f th s sh ch h
Fricatives, voiced v dh z
Nasals m n ŋ
Lateral l
Flap r
Semivowels w i/j/


Double consonants are spoken a bit longer.

Vowels


front central back
high i î u û
mid e ê o ô
low a/ɑ/ â/ɑ:/


The diphtongs are the follow: ei, ai, au

Phontactics

The following syllable structures are allowed: CV, CVV, CVC, CVVC, CCV, CCVV, CCVC, CCVVC, CVCC, CCVCC.
A syllable must not begin and end with two plosives:
tept, pte, tkatp
But two fricatives can do this:
fthei air

Accent

The Lâmian accent is usually on the first syllable. But if there is a long vowel or a diphtong in a syllable, this syllable is stressed:
e'ôrane swords
son'naiwesh at the snake
If there are more long vowels or diphtongs in a word, the syllable with the first is stressed:
'leithîm of a language

Sandhi

a â e ê i î o ô u û
a â â e ê ai ê au ô au û
â â â â ê â ê â ô â ô
e ê â ê ê ei î o ô ô û
ê ê ê ê ê ê î ê â ê ô
i ai â ei ê î î e ô î û
î î ê î î î î î ê î ê
o au â o ê e î ô ô ô û
ô ô â ô ê ô ê ô ô ô û
u au â ô ê î î ô ô û û
û û ô û ô û ê û û û û


Examples:
ri you + -uk and -> rîk and you
kerî shield + -et our + îm GEN + -ane PL -> kerîtîmane of our shields
If a diphtong collides with a vowel, the vowel disappears:
lothei hut + -ûta AKK/ALL -> lotheita (to) a hut
If a diphtong collides with another diphtong, a w seperates the two diphtongs:
methau moon + -ai the -> methauwai the moon

Morphology

Nouns

Lâmian nouns are inflected by case and number.This is shown by pre- and suffixes, what are added in the following order:

Case prefix - root - definite article/possesive suffix/demonstrative suffix - case suffix - plural suffix - other suffixes

Case

Lâmian nouns are declined by 9 cases:

pre-/suffix case
0/-î1 nominative
-îm genitive
-er dative
-ûta accusative, allative
-esh locative
-rim ablative
-îru partitive
ha-...-û the focus or the theme of a sentence (name?, jap. -wa)


1: A few nouns have this nominative suffix, but they are exeptions.
Examples:
lâmî (with nominative suffix)

lâmî a human
lâmîm of a human
lâmer to a human
lâmûta (to) a human
lâmesh at a human
lâmrin from a human
lâmîru of a human
halâmû about a human

Plural

The plural is marked with the suffix -ane:
hauri -> hauraine bulls
lôr -> lôrane signs