Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite
𞤹𞤸𞤪
WIP Vrkhazhian Case System
Status Absolutus
|
Animate
|
Inanimate
|
Feminine
|
Masculine
|
Neuter
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Nominative
|
-um
|
-ūwa
|
-im
|
-īya
|
-am
|
-āya
|
-as
|
-āza
|
Vocative
|
-u
|
-i
|
-a
|
Accusative
|
-us
|
-ūza
|
-is
|
-īza
|
-as
|
-āza
|
Ergative
|
-un
|
-ūna
|
-in
|
-īna
|
-an
|
-āna
|
-an
|
-āna
|
Genitive
|
-uḫ
|
-ūwa
|
-iḫ
|
-īya
|
-aḫ
|
-āya
|
-aḫ
|
-āya
|
Locative
|
-ūti
|
-īti
|
-āti
|
-āti
|
Equative
|
-ūli
|
-īli
|
-āli
|
-āli
|
Status Constructus
|
Animate
|
Inanimate
|
Feminine
|
Masculine
|
Neuter
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Nominative
|
-∅
|
-ū
|
-∅
|
-ī
|
-∅
|
-ā
|
-∅
|
-ā
|
Oblique
|
Genitive
|
-u
|
-i
|
-a
|
-a
|
Locative
|
-ūti
|
-īti
|
-āti
|
-āti
|
Equative
|
-ūli
|
-īli
|
-āli
|
-āli
|
WIP Verb System
|
Strong Verbs
|
|
ḫaśāras
|
namāras
|
parāḫas
|
|
"???"
|
"be evil"
|
"speak, say"
|
1sg
|
ḫaśurni
|
namirni
|
paraḫni
|
2sg
|
ḫaśurma
|
namirma
|
paraḫma
|
3sg
|
ḫaśurta
|
namirta
|
paraḫta
|
|
1pl
|
ḫaśurti
|
namirti
|
paraḫti
|
2pl
|
ḫaśurman
|
namirman
|
paraḫman
|
3pl
|
ḫaśurtan
|
namirtan
|
paraḫtan
|
|
I-Weak Verbs
|
|
???
|
wasāḫas
|
ˀalādas
|
???
|
|
"???"
|
"be loyal"
|
"fight"
|
"???"
|
1sg
|
???
|
wasiḫni
|
ˀalanni
|
???
|
2sg
|
???
|
wasiḫma
|
ˀaladma
|
???
|
3sg
|
???
|
wasiḫta
|
ˀalatta
|
???
|
|
1pl
|
???
|
wasiḫti
|
ˀalatti
|
???
|
2pl
|
???
|
wasiḫman
|
ˀaladman
|
???
|
3pl
|
???
|
wasiḫtan
|
ˀalattan
|
???
|
|
II-Weak Verbs
|
|
dâlas
|
tâlas
|
ṣâbas
|
lêbas
|
|
"dig, reveal"
|
"destroy"
|
"kill"
|
"give"
|
1sg
|
dūlni
|
tīlni
|
ṣābni
|
lēbni
|
2sg
|
dūlma
|
tīlma
|
ṣāmma
|
lēmma
|
3sg
|
dūlta
|
tīlta
|
ṣābta
|
lēbta
|
|
1pl
|
dūlti
|
tīlti
|
ṣābti
|
lēbti
|
2pl
|
dūlman
|
tīlman
|
ṣāmman
|
lēmman
|
3pl
|
dūltan
|
tīltan
|
ṣābtan
|
lēbtan
|
|
III-Weak Verbs
|
|
???
|
rasâs
|
malâs
|
kemâs
|
|
"???"
|
"be good"
|
"heal"
|
"go up, rise"
|
1sg
|
???
|
rasīni
|
malāni
|
kemēni
|
2sg
|
???
|
rasīma
|
malāma
|
kemēma
|
3sg
|
???
|
rasīsa
|
malāsa
|
kemēsa
|
|
1pl
|
???
|
rasīti
|
malāti
|
kemēti
|
2pl
|
???
|
rasīman
|
malāman
|
kemēman
|
3pl
|
???
|
rasīsan
|
malāsan
|
kemēsan
|
Suffix
Conjugation (strong, a-class)
|
P-R-Ḫ (speak, say)
|
Noun
|
parāḫas
|
|
|
|
|
Adjective
|
???
|
|
|
|
|
Active
|
Actual
|
Potential
|
Commissive
|
Counterfactual
|
Jussive
|
1.sg
|
paraḫni
|
napraḫni
|
tapraḫni
|
yapraḫni
|
parḫanni
|
2.sg
|
paraḫma
|
napraḫma
|
tapraḫma
|
yapraḫma
|
parḫamma
|
3.sg
|
paraḫta
|
napraḫta
|
tapraḫta
|
yapraḫta
|
parḫatta
|
1.pl
|
paraḫti
|
napraḫti
|
tapraḫti
|
yapraḫti
|
parḫatti
|
2.pl
|
paraḫman
|
napraḫman
|
tapraḫman
|
yapraḫman
|
parḫamman
|
3.pl
|
paraḫtan
|
napraḫtan
|
tapraḫtan
|
yapraḫtan
|
parḫattan
|
Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class)
|
Y-N-D (catch)
|
Noun
|
yanādas
|
|
|
|
|
Adjective
|
???
|
|
|
|
|
Active
|
Actual
|
Potential
|
Commissive
|
Counterfactual
|
Jussive
|
1.sg
|
yananni
|
nīnanni
|
tīnanni
|
yīnanni
|
yandanni
|
2.sg
|
yanadma
|
nīnadma
|
tīnadma
|
yīnadma
|
yandamma
|
3.sg
|
yanatta
|
nīnatta
|
tīnatta
|
yīnatta
|
yandatta
|
1.pl
|
yanatti
|
nīnatti
|
tīnatti
|
yīnatti
|
yandatti
|
2.pl
|
yanadman
|
nīnadman
|
tīnadman
|
yīnadman
|
yandamman
|
3.pl
|
yanattan
|
nīnattan
|
tīnattan
|
yīnattan
|
yandattan
|
Conjugation (II-h weak, a-class)
|
Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill)
|
Noun
|
ṣâbas
|
|
|
|
|
Adjective
|
???
|
|
|
|
|
Active
|
Actual
|
Potential
|
Commissive
|
Counterfactual
|
Jussive
|
1.sg
|
ṣābni
|
naṣābni
|
taṣābni
|
yaṣābni
|
ṣābanni
|
2.sg
|
ṣāmma
|
naṣāmma
|
taṣāmma
|
yaṣāmma
|
ṣābamma
|
3.sg
|
ṣābta
|
naṣābta
|
taṣābta
|
yaṣābta
|
ṣābatta
|
1.pl
|
ṣābti
|
naṣābti
|
taṣābti
|
yaṣābti
|
ṣābatti
|
2.pl
|
ṣāmman
|
naṣāmman
|
taṣāmman
|
yaṣāmman
|
ṣābamman
|
3.pl
|
ṣābtan
|
naṣābtan
|
taṣābtan
|
yaṣābtan
|
ṣābattan
|
Conjugation (III-y weak, a-class)
|
R-S-Y (be good, be moral)
|
Noun
|
rasâs
|
|
|
|
|
Adjective
|
???
|
|
|
|
|
Active
|
Actual
|
Potential
|
Commissive
|
Counterfactual
|
Jussive
|
1.sg
|
rasīni
|
narsīni
|
tarsīni
|
yarsīni
|
rāsanni
|
2.sg
|
rasīma
|
narsīma
|
tarsīma
|
yarsīma
|
rāsamma
|
3.sg
|
rasīsa
|
narsīsa
|
tarsīsa
|
yarsīsa
|
rāsatta
|
1.pl
|
rasīti
|
narsīti
|
tarsīti
|
yarsīti
|
rāsatti
|
2.pl
|
rasīman
|
narsīman
|
tarsīman
|
yarsīman
|
rāsamman
|
3.pl
|
rasīsan
|
narsīsan
|
tarsīsan
|
yarsīsan
|
rāsattan
|
a-class
P-R-R-Ḫ (interrogate)
Conjugation
|
Noun
|
parrāḫas
|
|
|
|
|
Adjective
|
???
|
|
|
|
|
Active
|
Actual
|
Potential
|
Commissive
|
Counterfactual
|
Jussive
|
1.sg
|
parraḫni
|
naparraḫni
|
taparraḫni
|
yaparraḫni
|
parraḫanni
|
2.sg
|
parraḫma
|
naparraḫma
|
taparraḫma
|
yaparraḫma
|
parraḫamma
|
3.sg
|
parraḫta
|
naparraḫta
|
taparraḫta
|
yaparraḫta
|
parraḫatta
|
1.pl
|
parraḫti
|
naparraḫti
|
taparraḫti
|
yaparraḫti
|
parraḫatti
|
2.pl
|
parraḫman
|
naparraḫman
|
taparraḫman
|
yaparraḫman
|
parraḫamman
|
3.pl
|
parraḫtan
|
naparraḫtan
|
taparraḫtan
|
yaparraḫtan
|
parraḫattan
|
Prefix
Conjugation (strong, a-class)
|
P-R-Ḫ (speak, say)
|
Noun
|
parāḫas
|
|
|
Adjective
|
parraḫas
|
|
|
Active
|
Nonfuture
|
Future
|
Imperative
|
1.sg
|
nipraḫ
|
niparraḫ
|
parḫanni
|
2.sg
|
mapraḫ
|
maparraḫ
|
parḫamma
|
3.sg
|
sapraḫ
|
saparraḫ
|
parḫatta
|
1.pl
|
tipraḫ
|
tiparraḫ
|
parḫatti
|
2.pl
|
mapraḫā
|
maparraḫā
|
parḫamman
|
3.pl
|
sapraḫā
|
saparraḫā
|
parḫattan
|
Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class)
|
Y-N-D (catch)
|
Noun
|
yanādas
|
|
|
Adjective
|
yannadas
|
|
|
Active
|
Nonfuture
|
Future
|
Imperative
|
1.sg
|
nīnad
|
ninnad
|
yandanni
|
2.sg
|
mīnad
|
minnad
|
yandamma
|
3.sg
|
sīnad
|
sinnad
|
yandatta
|
1.pl
|
tīnad
|
tinnad
|
yandatti
|
2.pl
|
mīnadā
|
minnadā
|
yandamman
|
3.pl
|
sīnadā
|
sinnadā
|
yandattan
|
Conjugation (II-h weak, a-class)
|
Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill)
|
Noun
|
ṣâbas
|
|
|
Adjective
|
ṣâbas
|
|
|
Active
|
Nonfuture
|
Future
|
Imperative
|
1.sg
|
niṣāb
|
niṣâb
|
ṣābanni
|
2.sg
|
maṣāb
|
maṣâb
|
ṣābamma
|
3.sg
|
saṣāb
|
saṣâb
|
ṣābatta
|
1.pl
|
tiṣāb
|
tiṣâb
|
ṣābatti
|
2.pl
|
maṣābā
|
maṣabbā
|
ṣābamman
|
3.pl
|
saṣābā
|
saṣabbā
|
ṣābattan
|
Conjugation (III-y weak, a-class)
|
R-S-Y (be good, be moral)
|
Noun
|
rasâs
|
|
|
Adjective
|
rassâs
|
|
|
Active
|
Nonfuture
|
Future
|
Imperative
|
1.sg
|
nirsi
|
nirassi
|
rāsanni
|
2.sg
|
marsi
|
marassi
|
rāsamma
|
3.sg
|
sarsi
|
sarassi
|
rāsatta
|
1.pl
|
tirsi
|
tirassi
|
rāsatti
|
2.pl
|
marsâ
|
marassâ
|
rāsamman
|
3.pl
|
sarsâ
|
sarassâ
|
rāsattan
|
Voice
Case-Role Marking in Secundative Alignment (D=S, R=P, T=separate)
Voice
|
Role/Marking
|
Nominative
|
Accusative
|
Instrumental
|
Active (Intransitive)
|
Subject
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Active (Monotransitive)
|
Subject
|
Object
|
N/A
|
Active (Ditransitive)
|
Subject
|
Primary Object
|
Secondary Object
|
Causative/Instrumental
|
Causer
|
Causee/Instrument
|
Object
|
Ch'adic
Proto-Č̣aḥdaš consonants
|
Labial
|
Alveolar
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Pharyngeal
|
Glottal
|
central
|
sibilant
|
lateral
|
Nasal
|
m
|
n
|
|
|
|
ŋ ⟨n̮⟩
|
|
|
Stop
|
fortis
|
p
|
t
|
t͡s ⟨c⟩
|
t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩
|
t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩
|
k
|
ʡ
|
ʔ
|
emphatic
|
pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩
|
tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩
|
t͡sʼ ⟨c̣⟩
|
t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩
|
t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩
|
kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩
|
lenis
|
b
|
d
|
d͡z ⟨ʒ⟩
|
d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩
|
d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩
|
g
|
Fricative
|
f
|
|
s
|
ɬ ⟨ś⟩
|
ʃ ⟨š⟩
|
x ⟨ḫ⟩
|
ħ ⟨ḥ⟩
|
h
|
Approximant
|
w
|
|
|
|
j ⟨y⟩
|
|
Liquid
|
|
r
|
|
l
|
|
|
|
|
Proto-Č̣aḥdaš nouns
|
Status Absolutus
|
Status Constructus
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Feminine
|
-u
|
-un
|
-u
|
-ū
|
Masculine
|
-i
|
-in
|
-i
|
-ī
|
Neuter
|
-ar
|
-aran
|
-a
|
-ā
|
Inanimate
|
-aš
|
-ašan
|