Æðadĕ

Æðadĕ [ˈæ.ða.də] is, just like Ayasth and Aθáta, a descendant of the earlier Adāta language developed by Deiniol Jones (aka Dewrad). It was created for the "Derivation Relay" in August 2006 at the zompist board.

Grammar

Nominal Morphology

Plural

The Plural is formed by the prefix oph- (< Adāta "opha", many), which becomes ov- before voiced stops or fricatives and of- before voiceless stops, fricatives and nasals. Additionally, long vowels are shortened because stress shifts to the initial syllable. Remember also that aspirated initial consonants are spoken without aspiration as soon as the prefix is added.

Examples:

• thālo moon, ofthalo moons
• ðjesk king, ovðjesk kings
• iþki mistress, ophiþki mistresses
• jādi prisoner, ophjadi prisoners

Possession

Æðadĕ, unlike Adāta but very much like its sister languages Ayasth and Aθáta, marks possession with suffixes rather than independant words.

	Singular	Plural
1	-aj	-ajg
2	-aðo	-alaw
3	-ag	-aga

The following changes occur: wordfinal e and i > j, wordfinal o and u > w and wordfinal a vanishes.

Examples:

• ðjesk king, ðjeskajg our king
• iþki mistress, iþkjaj my mistress
• iðo noble man, iðwaðo your noble man
• aðuna girl, aðunalaw your girl

Adjectives

Adjectives follow the noun they describe (ðjeskaj bira my brave king), but they do not change for number (ovðjeskaj bira my brave kings). A Comparative can be formed by suffixing -nez (or -ez if the adjective ends in a non-syllabic n), a Superlative by suffixing -jal (Adāta "ial", very).

Examples:

• bira, biranez, birajal - brave, braver, bravest
• thērn̩, thērn̩nez, thērn̩jal - beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful
• ðōdin, ðōdinez, ðōdinjal - holy, holier, holiest

For emphasis it is also possible to add jæl very in front of the Superlative. Remember, though, that jæl is never used before the comparative.

Example: ðjesk (jæl) birajal the bravest king

Personal Pronouns

	Normal	Subjective	Oblique	Vocative
1 sg	je	jero	jen	æxin
2 sg	ðo	ðoro	ðon	æxðon
3 sg	æ	æro	æn	æxan
1 pl	jeg	jexro	īn**	æxi
2 pl	ðog*	ðoxro*	lākhon**	æxlakho
3 pl	æg	æxro	ān**	æxa

(*) The analogically formed 2nd person forms from singular ðo replaced the original "lākhok", "lākhok ro" which would have resulted in lākhog, lākhoxro. (**) The plural oblique forms would originally have developed without the final "n"; it was, however, placed there due to analogy with the singular.

Verbal Morphology

Compared to Adāta's verbal system, Æðadĕ has changed a lot. The habitual aspect was lost, as well as some moods. All in all, Æðadĕ tends to be a tense-language rather than an aspect-language. The following chart shows how the tenses developed from Adāta's aspects:

	Past	Present	Future
Indicative	Ind. Perfective	Ind. Imperfective	Opt. Imperfective
Imperative		Imp. Imperfective
Optative	Opt. Perfective	Opt. Imperfective	Paraphrased
Obligative	Oblig. Perfective	Oblig. Imperfective	Paraphrased

Verbs are usually given in the Indicative Present Pl, which is the least inflected form. E.g. ævi say, zjema live, hæva drink.

Those are the Endings that are used for the different tenses:

	Past		Present		Future
	Sg	Pl	Sg	Pl	Sg	Pl
Indicative	-n	-v	-si	-	ug-si	ug-
Imperative			ī-si	ī-
Optative	ug-n	ug-v	ug-si	ug-	ūsi VN	ūs VN
Obligative	so-n	so-v	so-si	so-	susi VN	sō VN

Here follows the example conjugation of ævi say:

	Past		Present		Future
	Sg	Pl	Sg	Pl	Sg	Pl
Indicative	ævin	æviv	ævisi	ævi	ugævisi	ugævi
Imperative			īævisi	īævi
Optative	ugævin	ugæviv	ugævisi	ugævi	ūsi ævjĕn	ūs ævjĕn
Obligative	sævin	sæviv	sævisi	sævi	susi ævjĕn	sō ævjĕn