Senjecas weather

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	oo	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Notes

• afx = a word formed from a root and an affix, e.g., ƣosı̋ɠo, blizzard < ƣo, emphati;c prefix + sı̋ɠo, snow storm.
• cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., ṡűṡa, t.v. whirl-, swirl-, (-around) + m̃e̋e̋e, wind = ṡusm̃e̋e̋e, whirlwind.
• drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., m̃e̋e̋e, wind < m̃e̋e̋a, to blow.
• These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
• At the end is a legend, Total: Total: 47/2+0/0.4%. This means that there are 47 root words (lemmata) of which two are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. The last number means that 0.4 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.

Precipitation - aamfőőlra

Rain - sűűm̃e

• cpd aamfőőlra, precipitation [< a̋a̋me, water; főőla, i.v. fall].
• cpd ȝeƣsűűm̃|o, sleet. -a, i.v. sleet [< ȝe̋ƣo, ice; sűűm̃e, rain].
• 001 ka̋in|o, mist, fog, haze [> Viscayan kain, fog] . -a, i.v. mist, fog (up). -i, adj. misty, foggy, hazy. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. mist, fog (up), befog. -ı̋ho, fog bank. -ka̋ðo, shroud of mist. -la̋þo, foggy weather. –ta, mistiness, fogginess, haziness.
• 002 musűro, heavy rainfall, cloudburst; ~om sűűm̃a, rain heavily [> Telugu musuru, constant rain].
• 003 rő|so, dew [> Latin rōs, dew]. -si, adj. dewy. -sı̋d̨a, t.v. bedew, dew. -s̈e̋ibo, dewdrop.
• 004 sűűm̃|e, [anim.] rain [> Old Greek ὑει, rain]. -a, i.v. rain. -főőla, rainfall. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. rain. -se̋ibo, raindrop.
• 005 ṡa̋d|o, shower [> PUr *śada, rain]. -a, i.v. shower.
• 006 ṡı̋n|o, drizzle [> Tamil ciṇukku, drizzle]. -a, i.v. drizzle.
• 007 že̋l|o, downpour [> Georgian zɣwel, pour down]. -a, i.v. pour (down).

Snow/Ice - tőm̃o/ȝe̋go

• 008 alűngo, snow bank [> Greenland Inupik alutsinniq, snow cliff].
• cpd haþȝe̋go, thin coating of ice on rock.
• 009 ȝe̋|go, ice [> English icicle]. -ƣl̨űűno, falling graupel. -ƣtőm̃o, fallen graupel.
• 010 ke̋r|o, frozen crust on snow [PUr *ke/irte, thin snow or ice crust > Finnish kerte, thin crust on snow]. -a, i.v. form a crust on snow.
• 011 kı̋rmo, thin covering of snow [PAlt *k`ĭrma, hoarfrost > Turkish kɨraɣu, hoarfrost].
• 012 l̨űűn|o, falling snow [PAlt *ĺū̀ńi, snow > Korean nun, snow]. -a, i.v. snow. –ko, flurry. -pa̋vo, snowflake. -ri, adj. snowy, niveous. -ro, snowfall.
• 013 műƣro, soft snow [PEsk *muʁru-, soft snow > Chaplino muʁája, soft snow].
• 014 m̃a̋ṡo, wet snow [PUr *waća, wet snow > Saami vuoǯ'ǯe, wet bare ice].
• 015 m̃őpo, sleeping hole in the snow [PUr *mop, sleeping hole in snow > Enets báʔa, sleeping place].
• 016 nila̋ƣo, freshwater ice [PEsk *ńila-ɣ, freshwater ice > Greenlandic Inupik nilaɣ-, glazed frost].
• 017 őőko, ice hole [?].
• cpd pustőm̃o, firn [< pűṡa, t.v. compress; tőm̃o, fallen snow].
• 018 rı̋no, snow on trees [PUr *rine, snow on trees > Sami ridne, rime on trees].
• 019 rűƣ|a, i.v. melt [of ice] [PEsk. *aru-(ɣ-), melt > Western Canadian Inupik aujaq, summer]. -o, melting ice.
• 020 sőso, muddy snow [PUr *sose, snow squash > Finnish sose, mash].
• 021 sűð|o, frost [PUr *śuδ́a, frost > Mansi šaĺ, frost]. -a, i.v. frost. -i, adj. frosty. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. frost.
• 022 s̨őmo, hoarfrost, rime [PAlt *si̯òmì, hoarfrost > Japanese shimó, frost].
• 023 s̨űng|o, frazil ice, grease ice, slush [?]. -i, adj. slushy.
• 024 ṡ̨a̋a̋to, icicle [?].
• 025 ṡ̨a̋g|o, frozen snow [PAlt. *č`i̯aga, frozen snow > Korean ha-, cold]. -a, i.v. become frozen [of snow].
• 026 tő|m̃o, fallen snow [PKar *(ś)tow-, snow > Georgian tov-, snow]. -m̃da̋ko, blanket of snow [< da̋ko, blanket]. -m̃ka̋ði, adj. snow-, -covered,–capped [< ka̋ða, t.v. cover]. -m̤̃e̋e̋o, snowdrift [< m̃e̋e̋e, wind]. -m̃i, adj. snowy, niveous. -m̃rı̋ı̋no, sastruga [< rı̋ı̋no, ridge].
• 027 t̨ől|o, hail [PAlt *ti̯òlú, hail > Turkish dolu, hail]. -ðűűo, hailstorm [< ðűűo, storm]. -a, i.v. hail. -ta̋a̋ino, hailstone [< ta̋a̋ino, stone].

Wind - m̃e̋e̋e

• cpd aamṡűṡo, waterspout [< a̋a̋me, flowing water; ṡűṡa, i.v. whirl].
• 028 anṡa̋ƣo, wind off the land [PEsk *aŋca-ʁ-, outgoing wind > Nunivak ancaʁnǝq, outgoing tide].
• 029 a̋nþe, north wind [> Etruscan antha, north wind].
• 030 a̋rƣ|a, windward [PEsk ? > Inupik asusuuʁ-, against wind]. -ĕþim, adv. windward. -i, adj. windward.
• 031 ha̋inṡe, very cold wind [PBas *Hainc-, very cold wind > Gipuzkoan antzigar, very cold wind].
• 032 kana̋ke, wind from off the sea [PEsk *kanak, wind from the sea > Alaskan Yupik kanakǝq, wind from the sea].
• pol m̃e̋e̋|e, wind [anim.] [< m̃e̋e̋a, t.v. blow]. -i, adj. windy. -ke, breeze, zephyr; ðuu~, storm wind [< ðűűo, storm]; reið~, fair wind [< re̋iða, ride]; tar~, crosswind [< ta̋ra, t.v. cross]; þoos~, headwind [< þőősa, t.v. oppose].
• pol na̋bo, gust [< na̋ba, burst].
• 033 ne̋nge, south wind [< PAlt *ńéŋńi, south wind > Japanese mìnami, south wind].
• 034 pőőðe, east wind.
• cpd sausm̃e̋e̋e, foehn [< sa̋usi, adj. dry].
• 035 űmto, draft [PEsk *umtǝ-, draft > Inupik ussaʁniq, draft].
• 036 za̋le west wind [PAlt *zăli, wind > Turkish yel, wind].

Storms

• 037 ðűű|o, storm [PIE *dhū, storm > Greek θΰω, storm]. -a, i.v. storm, be stormy. -i, adj. stormy, inclement. -ko, squall.
• cpd ðuum̃ðűűo, dust storm [< ðűűm̃o, dust; ðűűo, storm].
• cpd ðuum̃ne̋vo, dustcloud [< ðűűm̃o, dust; ne̋vo, cloud].
• 038 he̋l|e, [anim.] lightning [PKar *(h)el-, ligntning > Georgian el-, glimmer (of lightning)]. -a, i.v. lightning. -pa̋a̋ugo, lightning flash.
• cpd ȝersűűm̃e, monsoon [< ȝe̋ra, season; sűűm̃e, rain].
• cpd lila̋þo, foul weather [< lı̋o, mud; la̋þo, weather].
• drv ƣosı̋go, blizzard [< ƣo-, emphatic prefix; sı̋go, snow storm].
• 039 sı̋go, snow storm [PAlt *sigí, snow storm > Mongolian siɣurɣa(n), snow storm].
• 040 sűr|e, [anim.] whirlwind, cyclone, twister; aus̈űre, typhoon [< a̋usa, east]; m̃es̈űre, hurricane [< m̃e̋sa, west] [PDrav *sur_-, whirlwind > Tamil cūr_ai, whirlwind]. -i, adj. cyclonic.
• 041 tőn|o, thunder [PIE *(s)tena-, thunder > Lat. tonāre, thunder]. -a, i.v. thunder. -ðűűo, thunderstorm. -he̋lo, thunderbolt. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. thunder. -ƣőrmo, thunder-clap.

Clouds

• cpd ðuune̋vo, storm cloud, thundercloud, nimbostratus cloud [< ðűűo, storm; ne̋vo, cloud].
• cpd gumne̋vo, cumulus cloud [< gűmo, heap; ne̋vo, cloud].
• 042 mőko, cirrus cloud [?].
• 043 ne̋v|o, cloud. [PIE *nebh-lā-, cloud > English nebulous]. -a, i.v. cloud, become cloudy. -ðı̋ho, cloud bank. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. cloud over, becloud. -mi, adj. cloudy, clouded. -m̃e̋e̋o, clouddrift [< m̃e̋e̋o, drift]. -ri, adj. cloudy, overcast.
• cpd suum̃ne̋vo, raincloud [< sűűm̃e, rain; ne̋vo, cloud].
• 044 še̋rgo, cloudy sky [PIE *swerg, cloudy sky > Dutch zwerk, heavens].

Fair

• 045 ga̋no, clear, fair sky [PAlt *ŋăńa, clear sky > Japanese áme sky].
• 046 őv|o, heat of the sun. -a, i.v. heat [by the sun]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. heat [by the sun].
• 047 tulı̋mo, rainbow [PEsk *tulima-, rainbow > Inupik tulim(m)aq, rainbow].
• 048 vı̋ı̋l|o, fine-, good-, pleasant-, -weather [PIE *bhlī, fine > English blithe]. -a, i.v. be fine, good, pleasant [weather]. -i, adj. fine, good, pleasant [weather].

Senjecas wildlife