User:Melroch/Rhodrese
This as yet unnamed Romlang initially has the developments you would expect from a Western Romance language. However at a later time there is vowel mutation by a high or low vowel (a < ă/ā, i < ī, u < ū), with final vowels later being lost, or in the case of -a being reduced to -e [ə]. Somewhat unexpectedly plurals of the first declension show forms as if the a-mutated vowels of the singular had later undergone i-mutation. This most certainly is due to analogy with the second and third declension rather than to a preserved [ai̥] ending — or did an ending pronounced [æ] cause such a 'double' mutation?
| Latin | VL | W. Rmc. | No mut. | a-mut. | i-mut | a/i-mut. | u-mut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ī | ị | ĭ | i | e | i | iu > eu /y/
| |
| ī | ie | ||||||
| ĭ | į | ẹ̆ | e | e | i | oe
/ø/ > e | |
| ẹ̄ | ei | ie | |||||
| ē | ẹ | ẹ̆ | e | e | i | oe > e | |
| ẹ̄ | ei | ie | |||||
| ĕ | ę | ę̆ | e | e | i | oe> e | |
| ę̄ | ie | ie | ue
/yø/ > /ye | ||||
| ă, ā | a | a | a | a | ae /æ/ > e | o | |
| ŏ | ǫ | ǫ̆ | o | o | e | o | |
| ǭ | uo | uo | ue | uo | |||
| ō | ọ | ọ̆ | o | o | oe > e | o | |
| ọ̄ | ou | uo | eu | ue | ou | ||
| ŭ | ų | ọ̆ | o | o | oe > e |
o | |
| ọ̄ | ou | uo | eu | ue | ou | ||
| ū | ụ | ŭ | u | o | iu > eu | oe > e | u |
| ū | uo | ue | |||||
Consonants
| VL | Initial | Geminate | Final | Intervocalic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Secondary | Pretonic | Posttonic | |||
| p | p | n/a | p | b | ||
| t | t | t | t | d | ||
| ć [c] | c [ts] | x [tʃ] > tx^ | n/a | z > ç[ts] | z[dz] | |
| c | c, ch[k] | Ø | c | g, gh[g] | ||
| b | b | n/a | f | v | ||
| d | d | Ø | d | Ø | ||
| ǵ [ɟ]' | g[dʒ] | n/a | i, y[j]i, y | g(i) [dʒ] (> [ʒ]? | i, y | |
| j | i > j [dʒ] | n/a | ||||
| g | g, ghg | Ø | g | Ø | ||
| pj | (pj pi) | n/a | uj, bi >be | |||
| tj | c(i)[ts] | c(i) | z >
ç |
c(i) | ||
| kj | x | |||||
| bj | (bj bi) | uj, vi >ve | ||||
| dj | z[dz] | z > ç [ts]' | g(i) (> j) | |||
| gj | g(i) | x > tx | ||||
| m | m | Ø | m | |||
| n | n | Ø | n | |||
| mb | n/a | n/a | m | mb | ||
| nd | n | nd | ||||
| ng | ng[ŋ] | ng[ŋg] | ||||
| mj | gn(i)
[ɲ] |
(i)gn[ɲ] | gn(i) | |||
| nj, gn, cĭn > ć’n | ||||||
| lj, gl, gĭl, gĕl, dĭl, dĕl | gl(i)
[ʎ] |
*ggl
> gl, ghl(i) |
(i)gl
[ʎ], gl(i) | |||
| cĭl, cĕl, cĭl, cĕl | *ccĺ >
cl, chl(i) | |||||
| cŭl, cŏl, căl > c’l | cl, chl(i)[kl] | gu > go | gl, ghl(i), (i)ghl | |||
| tŭl, tŏl, tăl > t’l | ||||||
| gŭl, gŏl, găl > g’l | gl, ghl(i)[gl] | *ggl > gl, ghl(i) | l | l | ||
| dŭl, dŏl, dăl > d’l | ||||||
| s | s [s] | ss [s] | Ø | s | s [z] | |
| sj | sc(i) [ʃ] | n/a | -is, -sz > sç (all [ʃ]) | si [ʒ] (> j ?) | ||
| sc´, scj | sc(i) | n/a | ||||
| ct | n/a | x > tx | ||||
| gĭd | g(i) > j | |||||
| cĭt, cĕt | ||||||
| tĭc, tĕc | ||||||
| pt | t | t | ||||
| pĭt, bĭt, vĭt | ut | ut | ud | |||
| pĭd, bĭd, vĭd | uj | uj | ud | uj | ||
Random notes
Intervocalic b > v; g' > j i; p, t, k', k > b, d, g', g but tj, kj > voiceless ts, gj > [dʒ] gi. Unpalatalized original g tends to disappear.
Initial k', kj, tj > ts c(i); initial g', gj > [dʒ] (g)i.
dj in all positions > [dz] z.
ct > [tʃ] spelled x, while actual x = ks > s or undergoes metathesis to sk, which may be palatalized to [ʃ] 'sc(i) along with original sc.
Voiced stops and affricates ending up final after the loss of final vowels become devoiced, spelled p, t, z [ts] (later ç), (i)x [tʃ], c.
Final [ʃ] is spelled V(i)ss/Vis, later sç, with occasionally sz/sx in early texts.
Word initial ie, ue, uo are spelled hie, hue, huo, since the normal medieval pronunciation of initial prevocalic i, u was j, v.
The vowels [æ] ae and [ø] oe were found in the earliest texts, but later merged with e, while [y] eu and. The spelling ue remained, but probably shifted from [yø] to [ye].
A k, g, sk before a front vowel that arose through mutation wasn't palatalized. They are spelled ch, gh, sch.
