Kala/lexicon/theme

Movement

• pyola - rotate; revolve; spin; whirl; roll
• tapya - follow; accompany
• tatsi - stand; set up; establish
• tala - return; come [back]; arrive
• tipua - decline; drop; fall
• titsua - swagger; walk with a wide stance
• topu - jump; bounce; hop
• kuetso - stroll; amble; walk leisurely
• kyehu - have a moment of leisure; take a break
• nkoma - raise; hoist; rise
• mase - dance; move music; flicker [flame]
• moku - rest; sleep
• nyoso - squat; crouch
• sima - sit; take a seat
• hika - wait; wait for
• huato - move about; be in motion; to and fro
• tsimpa - be lame; move with difficulty; limp
• tlaha - leave; depart
• tlina - stop; halt; cease
• aka - drive; move slightly; shift
• empa - run; flee; race
• emyo - walk in an awkward, drunken fashion
• inka - be still; calm; quiet; not moving
• ila - sail; fly; navigate
• yala - walk; go; travel
• yoko - swim; wade

Time

• sanya - second [of time]
• punu - minute [of time]
• tsima - hour; o'clock; time

• yoma - day; daytime
  • yomua - dawn; daybreak; morning [a.m.]
  • yotso - midday; noon
  • puama - afternoon; dusk; evening [p.m.]
  • yohua - night; nighttime
  • huatso - midnight

• sema - week [7 days]
• sayo - calendar month [19 days]

• muasa - season
  • kueta - spring [season]
  • natsu - summer
  • aki - autumn; fall
  • neku - winter

• anyo - year [365/366 days]
• uenyo - decade; period
• sanyo - era; [19 years]
• nyema - century
• uepya - age; 361 years [19 sanyo]
• tsa'atli - epoch; 6859 years [19 uepya]
• tlenyo - millennium

• sayoma - calendar; date

• atli - future; future tense [FUT]
• aye - past; past tense [PST]

• nkihua - be lengthy; be long [duration]
• uye - time to time; now and then; occasionally
• kuaho - be short; soon [duration]
• nante - seldom; rare

Animals

• masa - cervine; deer; elk
• tsa'a - beaver
• patsi - breed livestock; herd
• tsanko - ape; monkey; primate
• panya - rodent [rat; mouse]
• haya - animal; beast
• kina - mammal
• sinka - lion
• pili - hyena
• kinti - squirrel
• kili - giraffe
• itsu - squeak; chirp or peep
• ipye - horn of animal
• noka - beak; bill; mouth
• tsola - fox
• koni - skunk
• koli - extremity; tag along; tail
• soli - badger; ferret
• tlo'o - elephant
• otso - wolf; lupine
• kuma - bear
• utla - otter
• tsuhi - leopard / jaguar
• tsuyo - armadillo
• kuatse - opossum
• tsuene - baboon
• pyaka - tiger
• yatsa - bridle; halter; reins
• yasu - bison; buffalo
• yele - pedestal; plinth; saddle
• yetso - boar [wild]
• kyotlo - coyote

Reptiles

• mpeka - frog; toad
• moko - lizard [reptile w/ legs]
• honu - turtle [sea]
• uani - alligator; crocodile
• kuatla - reptile; snake

Birds

• tanka - eagle; falcon; hawk
• tsatle - crane; egret; heron
• hapi - dove; pigeon
• pato - duck; male prostitute (slang)
• kapyo - gull; seagull
• mpelo - buzzard
• si'i - crow; raven
• tsiti - sparrow
• mpiko - black eagle; condor; vulture
• inko - macaw; parrot; puffin
• sono - partridge
• oku - owl
• kusa - bird; avian [that flies]
• husa - goose; swan

• peka - bat [animal]
• pyotsi - tail or caudal fin or feathers
• ki'i - screech; shriek; chirp or peep [onomatopoeia]
• tloma - feather; plumage; plume
• ala - wing
• otla - bird; avian

Flightless

• peti - bird; avian [flightless]
• mpuni - ostrich
• mano - chicken; fowl; poultry
• hinti - turkey
• tsunya - penguin

Domestic

• teli - ass; donkey; mule
• neko - cat; feline
• mita - canine; dog
• sikue - pig; pork; swine
• poti - goat; ram
• nkoyo - lamb; sheep
• unta - camel
• uma - equine; horse
• uaka - ox; cow; bull
• suaki - hare; rabbit
• mya'a - meow; cat noise

Insects

• nase - arachnid; spider
• sani - wasp
• tsati - hornet
• a'i - worm
• tlakua - cricket; slug; snail
• metse - cricket; grasshopper
• seko - scorpion
• piyo - bee; honeybee
• hotso - roach; cockroach
• tsunka - bug; insect; worm
• kupe - arthropod; tick
• kute - bite; sting [of insect]
• kupu - butterfly
• uese - louse
• nyamu - mosquito; fly; gnat
• hyesua - beetle
• pyoho - flea; mite; tick
• nyolo - ant; insect
• yotsu - grub; larva

Aquatic

• ahe - dolphin; porpoise
• nkahi - mollusks; crustaceans; echinoderms
• kehe - shark
• tepu - scales [of fish]
• eua - fin [of a fish]
• tlinka - herring; mackerel; carp
• pite - manatee; walrus
• tsinti - stingray
• simpu - clam; mussel; oyster
• poka - seal; pinniped
• mpoka - squid; ink fish; cuttlefish
• tona - tuna
• ole - crust; husk; shell
• tlohi - salmon; trout
• molo - cod [fish]
• kutsi - prawn; shrimp
• pukue - blowfish; puffer
• kuami - eel; water snake
• uatsi - fish
• puetsa - mantis; octopus
• nyanku - whale
• kye'u - gills of fish

Food

• matla - broth; casserole; soup
• tsala - dip; paste; sauce
• tsaki - chewing gum
• tlamu - appetizer; small side dish; easy job; piece of cake
• sento - leftovers [food]; salad
• tsemu - jam; marmalade
• ina - eat; food; sustenance
• sipo - be fat; lard; grease
• hoka - custard; pudding
• tlosa - almond [fruit; tree; color]
• oka - bake; cook
• sole - gelatin; jelly
• soho - crop; harvest
• tsoko - cacao; chocolate
• nokye - agriculture
• kutsu - flesh; meat
• tsuhu - candy; dessert; sweets
• tsuama - sandwich; wrap
• uanka - uncooked; untreated; raw
• uaki - boil; stew; simmer
• muena - clams and crabs; seafood
• huetla - peanut
• pyeta - egg; ovum; spawn
• nyoma - rice
• nyotlo - nut; seed

Drinks / Dairy

• pima - buttermilk
• mputsa - cheese
• supye - butter; cream; extract
• hyali - dairy; milk
• uakahyo - cow's milk
• nkapa - alcohol; ale; beer
• tsa'i - tea [leaves; plant]
• kaua - coffee
• napya - wine
• inu - beverage; drink; liquid
• kisue - soda water
• tsupu - mead [honey wine]
• yatso - ferment; brew; make honey; liquor
• hyota - juice; lotion; extract; cream

Cooking / Meals

• tame - be fried; pan-fry; sauté
• katso - meal; meal time
• aso - broil; grill; roast
• kope - baste [cookery]; grease; oil
• sotsi - dish; platter; specific food
• kuha - cook; prepare food
• hutsi - gruel; oatmeal; porridge
• kani - sausage
• tlenta - offal; mixed entrails; trivial matters
• peko - bacon; salt-cured meat
• tliha - minced meat; pickled meat
• ipu - dried meat; preserved fruit
• nyoki - dumpling; pot-sticker

Spices

• pani - vanilla; vanilla extract [fruit; tree; color]
• penyo - hot pepper; jalapeño; chili; paprika
• puti - mint; spearmint
• kyetsa - mustard; wasabi
• kyonko - flavoring; seasoning; spice
• nkeli - cassia or cinnamon
• setsi - sage
• suka - acid; sour; vinegar
• heki - oregano [plant/flavor]
• tsini - sugar; sugarcane
• tsi'a - paprika; pepper
• tlasa - honey; nectar
• asi - salt
• aho - chives; garlic; leak
• impi - ginger [fruit; tree; color]
• utsi - parsley

Vegetables

• pamya - okra
• polo - hops; seed cones
• tapyo - cassava [leaves]
• tiko - clove [Eugenia aromatica]
• tohi - broccoli; cauliflower
• tohu - bean; pea; legume
• kopa - fungi; mushroom
• nkiye - vegetables
• mante - asparagus
• napo - turnip
• noho - chickpea; garbanzo; hummus
• seto - olive
• haue - carrot; radish
• husu - artichoke
• hyala - cucumber
• tletsu - lettuce
• tlotsi - chives; onion; scallions
• apyo - celery
• ahya - potato; yam
• ua'a - spinach
• ueke - lentil
• yotli - gourd; melon; squash
• kanka - corn; maize

Fruit

• napa - grape; raisin
• nasi - pear [fruit; tree; color]
• tsatli - pineapple
• panto - tomato
• natlo - plum; prune [fruit; tree; color]
• ahua - avocado [fruit; tree; color]
• tetsu - dates [fruit; tree; color]; jujube
• ti'u - fig [Ficus carica]
• ntimu - lemon
• isu - peel; rind
• piua - loquat [fruit; tree; color]
• poma - apple [fruit; tree; color]
• motsa - banana
• mole - apricot [fruit; tree; color]
• tlonya - citron; grapefruit [fruit; tree]
• punka - fruit; fruit tree
• puki - pomegranate [fruit; tree]
• tsuli - currant; gooseberry
• kuana - peach [fruit; tree; color]
• suante - lime [fruit; tree; color]
• kuanto - cherry [tree; wood]
• muela - raspberry
• yako - berry; strawberry

Bread

• ale - barley; oats; wheat
• ami - amylum; starch
• panu - pastry; steamed bun; cake
• tekyo - dough; noodle; pasta
• pinka - biscuit; cookie; cracker
• pitsa - pancake; pizza
• tiya - bread; make bread
• moka - flour; wheat; white-faced
• tloke - rye [Secale cereale]
• kopo - fermentation; yeast
• ku'u - cereal; grain

Speech

• kala - language; talk; say; speak
• nkata - agree; consent; approve
• tale - pronounce; pronunciation; emit sound
• halo - argue; debate; discuss; dispute; quibble
• anko - cipher; encode
• anue - tell; instruct; command
• kanyo - question; ask; raise a question
• tsenku - commonly used phrase; idiom; colloquial usage
• meya - refined language; poetic genre
• teye - clause; phrase; sentence
• peyo - metaphor; analogy
• mila - word; language component; morpheme
• nita - exclaim; insert; interject
• toka - tone; manner of speaking; mood
• oma - roar or howl; bellow of rage; yell; shout
• koso - assure; guarantee
• poya - complain; grumble; grievance
• puampo - misinterpret; misread; misunderstand
• uanko - euphemism; euphemistic
• uakya - babble, speak incoherently; inane talk
• kueti - accuse; charge; indict
• myata - to hint at; to imply; sth hidden
• yaku - translate; interpret
• yaua - reply; answer; return; respond; echo
• yeli - summarize; generalize; generalization

Around Town

• mpa'a - film; movie; cinema
• kama - city; town; village
• tase - consulate; embassy; diplomacy
• matle - statue; sculpture; carve
• tsane - pavilion; gazebo; roofed tent
• tali - church; shrine; temple
• hati - gardens; park
• ahu - dam; weir; dike; embankment
• hakyo - college; school; university
• kenta - capital city for a seat of government
• nepa - tunnel; underground passage
• hema - tent; net; tarp; pavilion
• hete - grave; tomb; mausoleum
• eki - post horse; relay station
• misa - highway; road; street
• tsitli - farm; ranch
• tilo - railway; track; train
• hilo - plaza; public square
• pitsu - hall; museum
• niua - depot; garden; yard
• miyo - hair salon; hair dresser's shop
• kotse - factory; plant; workshop
• kopi - bridge; crosspiece
• notli - hotel; inn; tavern
• komo - barn; stall; stable; manger; shed
• kule - keep; tower
• suke - lane; alley
• suku - market; shop; store
• uanki - confine; imprison; jail
• muesa - organization; agency; institution
• huesa - company; firm; enterprise; corporation
• sueni - mortar; concrete; cement
• uemi - barracks; castle; fortress
• yopi - mail; post [office]
• pyolo - business; office
• yono - drama; play; theater

Nature

• patla - field; pasture; plain
• kata - essence; nature; universe
• sama - sun; star; solar; stellar
• take - scenery; scene; landscape; view
• tani - gully; ravine; valley
• tsamo - reef; coral reef; shoal rock
• masu - countryside; areas outside the city
• kaya - earth; planet; world
• tesa - sediment; deposit; sedimentation (geology)
• heka - cliff; rock face
• pele - volcano; volcanic
• penua - continent; island
• simo - hole; pit; abyss; hell
• ilo - cave; cavern
• tonta - permafrost; tundra; layer of frozen soil
• kohe - plateau; bluff; mesa
• soki - muddy; mud
• okyo - clearing; glade
• puna - dirt; earth; land; soil; mud
• muhi - environment; surrounding area; ecology
• kunye - moon; lunar; satellite
• puani - bank; beach; coast; shore
• kuelo - gorge; strait; ravine; isthmus
• ueto - stellar system; galaxy
• yama - mountain; hill
• hyeka - sand; beach; finely ground rock
• nyemi - cape; headland; promontory; peninsula
• kyoma - barren place; desert
• yonka - lava; magma

Weather

• pana - rain; rainy
• manka - chill; cold; cool
• pakyo - storm; violent commotion
• tsene - lightning; thunderbolt
• heua - air; oxygen; sky
• sitsa - heat; hot; warm
• kihu - weather; climate; atmosphere; situation
• kihua - clear; fine [weather]
• tlolo - cool / warm [medium temperature]
• kohu - fog; mist; vapor; steam
• tloua - dew
• tsuali - thunder; rumble
• yasa - air; wind; [news, style]
• nyepa - cloud
• yelo - freeze; hail; ice; sleet

Water

• panta - marsh; swamp; wetlands; glade
• naha - creek; river; stream
• sanka - delta [geography]
• nampu - fountain; spring
• maya - fluid; water; wet
• sela - waterfall; cascade; heavy rain
• tini - spiral; whirlpool
• tipu - bottom; lowest part; seabed
• tsiua - lake; pond; pool
• konto - flow [the movement of liquid]; current
• motso - undulation; wave; ripple [effect]; tide
• hoko - trench; moat
• hono - harbor; port
• muana - ocean; sea
• uanyo - bay; gulf [body of water]
• sueho - surf; the sound of waves

Body

• pasa - nausea; feel sick; disgust
• saka - gender; sex
• sana - health; hygiene; welfare
• anta - breathe; suck in; absorb; inhale
• anka - pelvis; hip joint
• kaho - operculum; a covering flap [of skin]
• hatsu - fever; temperature; pyrexia
• asua - hide; pelt; skin; fur; leather
• samya - exhale; blow; puff
• napye - scar; bruise; pockmark
• keha - body [human]; health; anatomy
• pese - gland
• tlempe - lymphatic fluid; lymph
• tseno - thigh; crotch
• tima - bleed; blood
• sila - arteries; veins; blood vessel
• ika - age; generation
• sipi - acne; pimple; zit; wart
• niku - muscle; tendon
• siua - nerve; bundle of neurons
• oha - gape; yawn; open one's mouth
• komi - allergic; allergy
• oso - genitalia; groin
• sohua - digest; digestion; digestive
• uha - anus; buttock
• hutse - cell (biology)
• suyo - goiter; tumor; lump
• suepa - blister; bleb [watery blister]
• hueta - testicle
• muetlo - sweat; perspiration
• ueso - bone
• yela - fart; talk nonsense; rubbish! [euphemism]
• yetlo - malnourished and sickly in appearance
• pyoki - disease; ill; sick

Head

• ana - brain; head; mind
• tlasi - cough [up]
• ampi - mucus; snot; snivel
• ampu - smell; sniff; nose
• anu - ear; hear; listen
• tsaua - complexion; looks; appearance of one's face
• kaue - chin; jaw [look at sb]
• anya - eye; look; see
• senu - hair
• kipa - gums; inner mouth
• tsila - lip; outer mouth
• tlihya - beard; moustache
• tsihyo - discharge of the eyes; rheum
• suha - mouth; taste; tongue
• tsupa - saliva; spit
• puaka - forehead; skull; temples
• nyase - eyelashes
• yatsi - bite; chew; tooth
• myeka - neck; throat; voice
• yetsa - cry; tear; weep
• hyesu - esophagus
• yotsa - cheek; face
• yoho - eyelid; flutter; blink

Torso

• ate - liver [organ]
• panue - colon (large intestine)
• petso - abdomen; belly; stomach
• pito - navel; belly button
• sikyo - womb; placenta; uterus
• poko - bladder; urinate; urine
• monto - trunk; torso
• kotsu - clavicle; collarbone
• moyo - heart; mind; centre; core
• puha - lung
• muta - back; spine; dorsal; vertebrae
• mune - breast; chest; cleavage
• kupi - nipple; teat [on baby's bottle]
• uata - intestine; bowel; guts
• uenku - spleen
• myaku - heartbeat; pulse
• hyeku - kidney
• yo'i - rib; ribcage

Appendages

• tapo - shoulder; upper arm
• nema - knee; patella
• nehe - fingernail; toenail; scratch
• tila - finger; indicate; toe
• ile - hollow at the back of the knee
• tsiue - elbow
• sotla - foot; heel
• topi - ankle bone; ankle
• tsopua - ulna (anatomy); bone of the forearm
• sonyo - wrist; curl
• sune - shin
• ute - arm; armpit; forearm
• puatli - calf [of the leg]
• yaka - appendage; leg; limb
• yato - hand; palm

Science

• umyopi - email
• minta - sample; specimen
• hanyo - magnet; magnetic body
• tsoho - data; information; resource
• kuaha - study; science; -ology
• sekyo - bacterium; germ

Math

• mpala - odd number
• atla - mean; average
• pamua - not enough; be insufficient; inadequate
• mi - few; small amount; handful
• tiha - multiply (math.); multiplication; multi-
• hima - statistics; counted items
• tsinku - mathematical analysis; calculus
• tsisu - coefficient; factor; modulus; ratio
• ohi - decrease; reduce; subtract; less [than]
• oli - apiece; each; every
• tsuki - next; order; sequence [ordinal]
• kuto - mathematics; mathematical; math
• kumpu - rational number [fraction of two integers]
• usu - even number
• ukue - as many as; as much as
• kupye - excessive; too many/much
• uetli - exponent [math.]; power
• yeka - divide; separate; partition
• nyelo - extra; remainder; surplus

Music

• maka - music; play ~; tune
• tlapa - horn; wind instrument
• aha - melody; tune
• kanu - stringed instrument
• apua - sing; song
• metla - flute; sound of wind; whistle
• epye - scrape; scratch; play something (using a bow)
• sile - bell; sounding of a bell as a signal
• koti - beat a ~; drum; rhythm
• koto - drum beat; rhythm; tempo
• uase - harmonize; harmonious; harmony
• uetla - an upright drum
• uepu - musical score; sheet music
• myali - symphony; orchestra
• pyano - piano

Flora

• panki - hemp; cannabis
• nkaho - culm; stem; stalk
• tlamo - willow tree; poplar and willow
• pa'u - tree bark
• maua - flower; plant; bloom
• tleno - log; piece of wood; timber; plank
• tika - cane; rattan; vine
• sitla - lawn; meadow; sod; turf
• hini - reed; rush
• ito - tree; wood
• kisua - root of plant
• siue - herb; leaf
• kompa - mold; mildew; fungi
• tloha - grass; straw; weeds
• moli - forest; trees
• kompo - seaweed
• hunu - pollen
• huatla - acorn; oak
• kuanu - bush; woody plant
• suele - water lily [pad]; lotus
• yosu - moss; lichen; coating [of tongue]

Tools

• ntane - internet; network; web
• mahi - needle [for sewing]
• mpano - clamp; pincers; pliers; tongs
• hamo - hook; barb; check or tick mark
• tamye - radar [antenna; detector; echo]
• tsanye - starter button; on switch
• mayo - apparatus; device; equipment; tool [INSTR]
• kele - shackles; fetters; manacle
• tleme - disc; sheet; CD
• sempo - abacus; plan; scheme
• mehu - vacuum
• tsemua - candle; illuminate; wax
• mika - clippers; scissors; shears
• kinto - spanner; lever [on a machine]; wrench
• pola - shovel; spade; spatula [kitchen utensil]
• tlose - pestle; pound with a pestle
• tosi - dice; die
• kompu - computer; programmable device
• pula - cauldron; kettle; pot
• mpula - lamp; lantern; light
• tsunku - can; jar; pot; urn
• tsu'u - cork; plug
• kyali - spear; lance; pike
• nyalo - call; number; telephone
• kyopa - match; tool start a fire
• myokua - software [computer]

Writing

• kate - calligraphy; handwriting; penmanship
• matso - brushstroke; pen mark
• tatsu - glyph; logogram
• ete - pen; pencil; writing brush
• kitse - graffiti; scrawl; scribble
• tliua - novel; fiction
• yona - book; letter; scroll; record
• yomu - read; study; count; recite

Civilities

• nanka - emphasizing disgust; [interj. of contempt]
• hala - informal greeting [on phone]
• hako - you're welcome
• tsaya - damn [general invective]
• tsepa - please
• kese - be obscene; coarse; vulgar
• peso - meet; meeting
• teya - propose; request [PREC]; suggest
• kotsa - spiteful person [male or female]..."bitch/bastard"
• koya - apologize; remorse; sorry
• kuna - excrete; expel; defecate; shit
• muata - manners; be polite [ness]
• uatsa - welcome [when entering]
• uapya - insult; ridicule; disgrace
• pyasa - custom; convention; popular; common
• nyasa - gratitude; thank [you]
• yata - farewell; greet; hello
• yali - excuse; forgive; pardon

Directions

• nato - straight [direction]
• kita - north
• mina - south
• nisi - west
• timu - east
• nota - lie; be in horizontal position; horizon
• noki - vertical; erect; set upright; vertical stroke
• tsuta - backward; reverse
• muele - direction; orientation
• huetsi - compass; determine direction
• kyepe - diagonal; sharp turn; zigzag
• yomo - right side
• yoso - left side

Grammar

• ata - be named; name [so called]
• tatse - preposition
• katse - subjunctive; assumptive
• nkalo - pronoun
• naho - grammar; order; rule
• kamu - dictionary; encyclopedia; lexicon
• hapu - consonant; the initial consonant
• eka - affix: adhere; paste
• eke - object [in grammar]; patient [P]
• eme - verb tense
• kemi - passive; inactive
• penku - conjunction; connective
• ki - reflexive [REFL]; self [essence]
• ni - by [passive particle]
• ti'a - grammatical aspect
• tsi'u - transitive; transitivity
• imya - dialect; slang; vernacular
• nosa - subject; theme; topic
• konke - blank space on form; space between words
• tlome - Romanize; Romanization
• poso - radical [glyph]
• tloko - syllable
• oto - sound; [make] noise; tone; phone[me]
• tonua - allophone; allophony
• pusa - adverb
• musa - vowel
• muno - table of contents
• uati - verb
• uele - abbreviate; contraction
• yani - definition; meaning; symbolism

Belief

• mali - fictitious; theoretical; virtual
• nati - belief; myth; religion
• tenyo - heaven; paradise
• kuli - soul; spirit; vigor
• putsu - goblin; monster; phantom; demon
• puya - enchantment; magic; charm
• puana - deity; spiritual; ghost
• yompe - specter; apparition

Mesurements

• nkasa - measure; measurement
• hani - extent; range; scope; limit; spectrum
• manyo - size; height; stature
• nte- - mega [1000000]
• tle- - kilo [1000]
• meta - meter [unit of length]
• sena - liter [unit of volume]
• enka - narrow; tight; thin
• etsa - extent; degree [temperature etc]
• keya - gram [unit of mass]
• inte- - micro [0.000001]
• itle- - milli [0.001]
• tisi - bulk; volume
• ihue- - nano [0.000000001]
• iue- - deci [0.1]
• tlipya - pound; unit of mass (16 ounces)
• inye- - centi [0.01]
• nkolo - are [unit of area]
• soto - speed; rate; velocity
• hue- - giga [1000000000]
• ue- - deca [10]
• ueka - weigh; weight; measure
• pyasu - trajectory; mean; diameter
• nye- - hecto [100]
• myena - extent; surface [area]
• kyoli - spacing; distance; interval; length

Thought

• hata - error; mistake
• matsi - perception; perceive; perceptive
• tsaku - idea; thought; conception
• tasua - expect; presume; think [sth is likely]
• haua - believe; confidence; trust
• tsela - philosophic theory; philosophy
• keti - compose; construct by mental labor; think up
• senku - think poorly of someone
• enu - forecast; predict; estimate
• ketsua - resolution; decision; statement of intent
• tlitsi - reasoning; capacity of the human mind
• kiya - self-awareness; be self aware
• siya - act without a plan; improvise [slang]
• tlopa - forget; neglect; overlook
• osa - know-how; savoir-faire
• tlo'e - tide of thought; Zeitgeist
• tlomi - fascinate; strongly attract; obsess; captivate
• moto - remember; memory
• omo - consider; ponder; think
• toya - awareness; conscience; thinking
• sonya - dream; imagine
• tohyo - choose; decide; select
• omyo - way of looking at a thing; view; opinion
• onyo - learn; practice; study
• kuni - lucid dream
• nutsu - unbelievable; incredible; dubious
• unya - comprehend; know; understand
• yota - deduce; infer; derive; extrapolate

Conjunctions

• pa - although; even though; even if
• ma - and; also; too; as well [CONJ]
• ehe - but; yet; however
• po - so; consequently; thus; as a result
• ku - and; also; too; as well [CONJ] [clause level]
• ua - or; either
• ue - either X or Y
• uenke - neither X nor Y
• nya'e - in order that; so that
• nye - because of; due to
• yema - both X and Y
• yo - if X then Y

Particles

• kampa - cheers!; a toast
• tla'a - likely; probable; presumable
• ampa - as soon as possible
• tlalo - as it should be; certainly; of course; without doubt
• haye - early; quick[ly]; sudden[ly]; abrupt
• me'a - at the same time; simultaneous
• heta - how about it?; what do you think?
• ke'e - so; such; such a degree
• eya - maybe; perhaps
• kila - obvious
• inta - even; so much so that
• iya - besides; in addition; apart from that
• iye - if [but not]; irrealis
• oko - honorific reference; "yes sir/ma'am"
• koyo - whose; of who
• nyakua - by all means; by any means

• ka - question marker
• nka - emphatic negative
• ke - object particle [O]; compare [COMP] than
• ne - indirect object particle
• e - er; um; uh
• tso - already; since; previous
• mya - as …as; equative case [EQU]
• ya - vocative particle [VOC]
• kye - indirect speech particle
• kyo - hurry up! Quickly!

• ele - relative clause marker
• tatli - collective plural [COL]; group; pack
• peya - particle; piece of; dot; speck; spot; bit
• mpa - many; much; a lot of
• mpe - but; only; merely; just
• o - venerated [honorific]
• u - double for redundant syllable
• nua - frequent; often; regular
• tsua - almost; nearly; more or less
• kya - imperative [IMP] / co-hortative [HORT]
• mye - redo; resume

Clothing

• kasa - bamboo; parasol; umbrella
• tlapi - put on (clothes); don
• pano - cloth; woven material; textiles
• palo - cane; staff; walking stick
• pesa - bolt of cloth
• menka - cotton
• kenua - denim; jeans
• tsili - tailor; make clothes
• tlinku - clink of jewels; tinkling of gem-pendants
• ntoka - button; fasten; knot
• hola - cloth; towel; headscarf
• potsi - wallet; pouch; purse
• motsi - bag; pouch; sack
• tsosi - silk
• oyo - bead; small round object; pearl
• mpuli - fluff; lint [feel nervous]
• muti - fad; fashion
• puku - attire; clothes; wear
• numu - style; standard; pattern
• tsukua - tassel; ribbon; bow
• kyalo - gem; jewel; precious stone
• kyapu - fleece; wool; woolen
• yole - zip; zipper

Torso

• nampa - blouse; shirt; vest
• taki - coat; jacket; robe
• anti - suspenders; garters; strap; sling
• ani - ring (jewelry); bracelet
• tsesa - apron
• tlipa - ascot; cravat; necktie
• mitli - suit; tunic; tuxedo
• pono - face powder
• ntolo - locket; medallion; pendant
• uanku - spectacles; eyeglasses; -ocular; -scope
• yasi - cosmetics; makeup
• yeke - collar; neckband; neckline

Legs

• sapa - boot; footwear; shoe
• haka - drawers; pants; trousers
• niye - undergarment; underwear
• kona - dress; skirt
• opi - belt; sash; strap
• solo - socks; stockings; tights

Colors

• akai - deep red
• sahi - color; hue; shade
• tsampi - pale; wan
• malo - brown
• tsalo - clear; transparent
• aoya - deep blue
• ketla - red
• tsenka - orange [fruit; tree; color]
• elila - pink; rose
• kitsa - dark; darkly; darkness
• nila - blue
• tlila - purple
• kinya - silver; coins
• ola - gold
• kono - gray; stone; ash
• mono - blonde; fair
• oya - black
• kuya - green; foliage; verdant
• yana - yellow; saffron
• nyahi - white; snow
• nyeli - pink; rose
• nyome - beige; tan; khaki

Fighting

• panka - catch; seize; capture
• pama - whip; lash; flog; thrash
• tana - fight; war; battle; combat
• mata - kill; murder
• mana - force; power; strength
• paku - beat with the fist; cudgel; hammer
• pahu - burst; crack; breach
• matsu - victory; success; victorious; win; triumph
• tlanyo - abuse; berate; mistreat
• te'e - kick; trample; tread on
• teki - combative; enemy; hostile
• he'u - munitions or ordnance factory; arsenal
• penya - grapple; scuffle; wrestle
• poli - force; violence
• tompo - martial art; military skill
• onto - tread on; trample; stamp
• potsu - lay siege to, besiege
• poye - ally with; form an alliance with
• kuhi - hold; grasp; clench (one's fist)
• kusu - push [away]; press; shove; squeeze
• punya - jab; poke; stab [fuck]
• kuye - grab; catch; arrest; snatch; scratch
• hyoka - attack; hit; strike

Weapons

• ame - axe; hatchet
• pika - bullet; shot; shell; ball
• tope - firearm; gun; rifle
• ponto - cannon; gun; artillery [fire ~]
• muku - knife; blade; weapon; arms
• nyela - arrowhead
• yomi - bow; weapon used for shooting arrows

Prepositions

• ma'a - with [accompanied by / furnished with]
• pahe - against; touching
• pa'e - apart from; other than; except for
• tahe - below; beneath; under
• ka'e - to; towards; at [moving toward]
• nka'e - in spite of; regardless of
• mahe - around; approximate; close to
• ma'e - before; in front
• sahe - across; opposite; other side
• tsahe - for [in exchange for]
• tsa'e - across; through
• nahe - in [located inside of]; internal
• maue - as soon as; when
• tsaue - so long as; provided that
• paye - beyond; exceeding; farther than
• taye - about [pertaining to; on the topic of]
• kaye - around; encircling; surrounding
• maye - between; among
• naye - during; while
• saye - along; following [a line]
• tsaye - since; until; up to; as far as
• tlaye - according to; based on
• te - of [belonging to; = GEN]
• uahe - instead of; rather than
• ua'e - above; over / on
• uaye - from [moving out of or away from]
• pue - after; back; behind; rear
• kue - like; similar to
• mue - without
• hue - at [in the same location as] [LOC]
• tsue - position; stance; posture
• nya - for [benefactive; BEN]; purpose of; by
• nyahe - by means of; per; via
• yahe - of [containing the measured quantity]
• ya'e - near; close to
• nyaue - outside of; exterior to

People / Society

• tsata - council; committee; parliament
• tlanka - level; grade; rank
• tlana - human; person
• anao - dwarf; pygmy; small person; midget
• tanko - group; organization; team
• kano - my dear; my darling
• nkatso - spy; secret agent
• kamue - general; senior commander; military leader
• makue - initiation ceremony; rite of passage
• hanya - country; nation; state; national; region
• tlema - banner; flag; ensign
• hisu - department; branch; section; division
• tsikue - habit; custom; usual practice; tradition
• posa - divorce
• mponi - ethnicity; folk; people
• omi - provost; chancellor; deputy
• koua - republic
• kunta - army; military force
• muha - monk; nun
• mutsa - society
• munua - culture; civilization; cultural
• uampa - government; political; politics
• uasa - skill; profession; trade; craft
• kuate - double; twin [identical/fraternal]
• uatsu - constitution; law; statute
• kueli - rights; legal entitlement
• kyatlo - commander; officer in charge
• nyetsi - traditional; archetype; typical; classic
• yesu - art; fine arts; painting; literature
• yoni - ethic; moral; virtue

Family

• konka - born out of wedlock; illegitimate
• nata - family member; relative
• tsonta - teenager; adolescent
• tlaya - marry; in-law; wed
• tlika - clan; family; kin

• ntaha - ancestor; elder
• ntahi - child; offspring
• nta'i - baby; infant
• ntaku - sibling
• ntahue - sibling's child [nibbling]
• ntaue - cousin
• ntahya - grandchild; descendant; heir; be ~
• ntaya - spouse; loved one
• onta - parent
• uenta - parent's sibling
• hyanta - grandparent

Male

• tlaka - male; man [masc]
• tahi - son; boy
• taku - brother
• tahue - nephew
• taue - cousin [male]
• tahya - grandson
• taya - husband; man
• ota - father
• ueta - uncle
• hyata - grandfather

Female

• naka - female; woman [fem]
• nahi - duaghter; girl
• naku - sister
• nahue - niece
• naue - cousin [female]
• nahya - granddaughter
• naya - wife; woman
• ona - mother
• uena - aunt
• hyana - grandmother

Emotion

• katsi - dignity; sanctity; worth
• talo - be patient; patience
• kanto - mourn; grieve over sb's death
• nalo - grin; laugh; smile
• alo - be cunning; be sly
• amya - be fond of; like; prefer [people]
• eto - be shy; timid; bashful
• eno - be angry at; be displeased and annoyed
• simpa - be anxious; neurosis; anxiety
• itsa - adore; affection; love
• kipe - favor; favorite; darling
• tsihi - mercy; empathize
• kipo - aspire; hope; wish
• nkitso - be stressed; be tense; be nervous
• kipu - mood; mental state; frame of mind
• tsimua - be vicious; fierce; ominous; inauspicious
• tlota - be in a correct attitude
• kone - awe; intimidate
• tono - emote; emotion; feel; sentiment
• noto - compassion; relent; sympathize; sympathy
• nomo - be fond of; like; prefer [things]
• tsopo - prefer; preference
• tloso - annoy; bother; disturb; harass; irritate
• tokyo - be brave; bold; courage
• tsuka - pride; hubris; arrogance
• tsumi - guilt; sin; offense
• nuku - detest; dislike; hate
• unu - be callous; stone-faced; emotionless
• umua - ache; pain; sorrow; be sore
• uaho - feel absence; miss
• uete - amuse; entertain; make sb laugh
• uemye - be aloof; standoffish; unsociable
• yampa - be bored; fed up with sth; sick of sth
• yapu - be ashamed; disgrace; embarrassment
• yanu - be depressed; dispirited; dejected; dismayed
• hyele - attract; titillate
• yente - aghast; consternation; horror
• kyomi - interest; interested; be interesting
• kyopo - afraid; fear; frighten
• yonto - be fanatical
• kyohu - be drastic; extreme; aggressive

House

• pata - tile; brick
• tapa - lid; top; cover; canopy; roof; ceiling
• tatsa - basin; wide-mouthed jar or pot
• katsa - glass; windshield; window
• sala - chamber; room; section
• tsaka - house; residence; reside
• hatse - ladder
• tapi - swing; seesaw; trapeze
• masi - door/window frame
• patlo - broom; brush; sweep
• kato - two story building
• tasu - cushion; mat; pad
• kapu - basket; box; bucket; container
• kahu - furniture
• mampu - duct; pipe; straw; tube
• maku - pillow; rest one's head
• tanye - carpet; mat; rug
• kahyo - porcelain; ceramic
• tenta - curtain; partition; screen
• tleke - fan
• petsi - basement; cellar
• teko - bottle; pitcher; vase
• tseue - nail; spike; screw
• enya - mirror; reflect; reflection
• tlenye - suite; apartment; flat; hotel room
• hiku - eaves; ledge or brim
• tlimu - blanket; rug

• tsiyo - corridor; aisle; hallway; passageway; piazza
• topa - bed; couch; mattress
• sopa - balcony; patio; terrace
• tsosa - chimney; fireplace
• mo'i - soap; lather; foam
• topo - door; entrance; gate
• kotso - earthenware; ceramic
• homu - platform; stage
• kuta - fence; wall
• suma - window
• huata - shelf; stair
• uetse - toilet; outhouse; WC
• yale - door lock; key
• yapo - build; erect; assemble
• kyela - wreath; garland
• yetsi - chair; seat; stool

• yekua - cabinet; closet; wardrobe
• yoka - deck; floor; story

Kitchen

• nale - fork; pitchfork; prong
• hasi - chopsticks; eating utensils
• tanu - plate; dish; tray; shallow container
• tseme - drawer; tier; tray
• nekua - cupboard; pantry
• tsiko - furnace; oven; stove
• kotlo - boiler; pan; pot
• kutsa - spoon; ladle
• uapo - basin; sink
• uaso - drinking glass [cup]; jug; pot; vessel
• yempa - table; desk; flat work surface

Vehicles

• tanti - truck; bus
• tlanye - cart; chariot; carriage; buggy
• tsayo - automobile; carriage; vehicle
• tlemo - caravan; trailer
• tlise - axis; axle
• motlo - engine; motor; machine
• uela - sail [boat]
• uene - ship; boat; vessel; canoe
• uelo - bicycle; bike

Materials

• pasi - bronze; brass; copper alloy
• tsele - iron
• tline - aluminum (chemistry)
• misu - copper
• kinua - metal working or casting of some kind
• hosa - radiation; rays of radiation
• moue - plastic; synthetic resin; plastic cement
• sokyo - helium
• tsuma - metal
• pulo - crystallization; crystalline; crystal
• uale - source material, raw material

Correlatives

• ama - time; moment; period
• mo - location; place; where
• ko - agentive [AG]; individual; person
• so - kind; genus; type; category; sort; class
• no - adverbial; matter; object; thing [-ish; -ly; -ous]
• to - manner; method; way
• uku - amount; digit; number

• nke - negative [NEG]; no; not
• ula - any; indefinite; some~
• kua - everything; every; all

• tlama - anytime; sometime; whenever
• ato - that way [over there]
• hina - here; this place [by me]
• so'o - that kind; type
• tlokua - everybody; everyone
• kuama - always; forever
• uana - there [by you] [MED]
• yemua - there [over there]
• yoto - in this way; so; thus

• amak - never; at no time
• ima - now; present; yet; this time
• iko - this person
• iso - this kind/type
• iku - this much/many
• tok - no way
• mok - nowhere
• nok - nothing
• sok - no kind
• tlok - no one; nobody
• ok - none; nothing
• tola - any way; some way
• kola - someone; anyone
• mola - somewhere
• nola - something; anything
• sola - some kind
• tokua - every way
• mokua - everywhere
• nokua - everything
• sokua - every kind
• uama - then
• uato - that way [over there]
• uako - that person
• uaku - that much/many
• yeko - that person [over there]
• yeso - that kind [obscure]

Numbers

Kala	number	English	Kala	number	English	Kala	number	English
ye'o	0	zero	tsa'o	6	six	nya'o	500	five hundred
na'o	1	one	ka'o	7	seven	tle'o	103	(one) thousand
ta'o	2	two	pa'o	8	eight	mue'o	104	ten thousand
ha'o	3	three	sa'o	9	nine	kye'o	105	(one) hundred thousand
ma'o	4	four	ue'o	10	ten	nte'o	106	(one) million
ya'o	5	five	nye'o	100	(one) hundred	hue'o	109	(one) billion

Forming Larger Numbers

• uena'o - eleven / 11
• taue'o - twenty / 20
• nyeka'o - one hundred seven / 107
• hanyetauetsa'o (long form) / hatatsa'o (short form) - three hundred twenty six / 326
• tsatletauema'o - six thousand and twenty four / 6024

Long form numbers are used in formal situations, including financial transactions, especially involving large sums. Short form numbers are used in everyday speech and when calculating basic math.

Other Number Forms

Kala	number	English	ordinal	multiple	fractional
na'o	1	one	kina'o first	tina'o once	-
ueta'o	12	twelve	kiueta'o twelfth	tiueta'o duodecuple	iueta'o a twelfth
yauema'o (yama'o)	54	fifty four	kiyama'o fifty fourth	tiyama'o 54 times	iyama'o a fifty fourth
nyetsa'o	106	one hundred (and) six	kinyetsa'o 106th	tinyetsa'o 106 times	inyetsa'o a 106th
katle'o	7000	seven thousand	kikatle'o seven thousandth	tikatle'o 7000 times	ikatle'o 1/7000

Shapes

• atsa - disc; rotate; wheel
• tlanke - oval; ellipse; ellipsoidal
• atsi - angle; bend; corner
• tapua - rectangle; be square-like
• kena - circle; be circular; spherical
• tletsa - column; cylinder; file
• netsi - helix; screw; spiral
• keso - image; form; figure; visualization
• tletso - prism; prismatic lens
• mpila - ball [game]; sphere
• mu'e - rhombus
• umpu - form; shape; dimension
• uampu - cone; awl; bore
• huepu - apex; peak; summit
• yamu - trapezium (geometry)
• pyota - cube; block; be square
• pyonka - be parallel; parallelogram
• pyo'o - multiply by itself; square

Money

• mpaha - valuable; costly; expensive
• pale - sale; sell
• atle - salary; wage
• tsika - economy; economic
• to'o - pay; compensate
• poku - cost; fee; price; charge
• tomu - be frugal; thrifty; economical
• suata - account; bill; debt
• tsuasi - stock; share; capital raised by a company
• yena - coin; currency; money

Toponyms

• kanata - Canada
• atlanti - Atlantic [Ocean]
• alapo - Arab
• ameyo - America
• apika - Africa
• pasipi - Pacific [Ocean]
• asiya - Asia
• apuha - Afghanistan
• enkala - England
• pelansu - France
• kemeta - Egypt
• mehiko - Mexico
• sipanya - Spain
• tlihanya - USA
• nihono - Japan
• otlaya - Australia
• mosukua - Moscow
• totsuya - Germany
• utlena - Ukraine
• sueliye - Sweden
• yolopa - Europe

Compounds

• tlakan - virile; manly
• anapao - hangover [warped-head]
• nahela - in [located inside of]; internal
• tsaniko - lecturer; speaker; storyteller
• pansamya - puff pastry
• amyampa - fall in love with
• pemao - chess / play ~
• ilanyo - plane [fly-machine]
• tlimpula - chandelier; collection of lamps
• tsulanasa - birthday party
• puamanai - supper; dinner
• nyauela - outside of; exterior to
• myetonyo - scarecrow
• yotsonai - lunch; dinner
• yomuanai - breakfast