Senjecas - last
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Pronunciation table
| p | b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ǫ | o | u | ĭ | ĕ | ŭ | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ |
Glossing abbreviations
| 1s/p = first person singular/plural | V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) | CAUS = causative | EQU = equative degree | INS = instrument | PST = past |
| 2s/p = second person singular/plural | ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) | CONV = conversive | F = feminine | INT = intensive prefix | Q = interrogative particle |
| ADV = adverb | DES = desiderative | FRQ = frequentative | M = masculine | QUOT = direct quotation | |
| AG = agent | DIM = diminutive | FUT = future | OCC = occupation suffix | RPRF = recent perfective | |
| A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) | AP = agent (active) participle | ELIS = elision | IMP = imperative | PP = patient (past) participle | SBJ = subjunctive |
| G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) | AUG = augmentative | EP = epenthesis | INC = inchoative | PRF = perfect | SUP = supine |
| N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) | ELT = elative | IND = indicative | PRV = privative prefix |
Verb
- 1. še̋da - endure, continue over time
- The children seem happy now, but that won't last long.
- ṡı̋ṡus ímu ka̋itus ka̋ȝa. ésti no dóm̃' u-še̋da ne:
ṡı̋ṡ-us ímu ka̋it-us ka̋ȝ-a ésti n-o dóm̃-' u=še̋d-a ne child-N.p now happy-N.p seem-IND but that-N.s long FUT=continue-IND not
- 2. t̬ı̋ɫa - hold out, continue undefeated
- The army won't last without reinforcements
- őmu m̃ooƣṡaþm̃ű' sána u-t̬ı̋ɫa ne:
őm-u m̃ooƣṡaþm̃-ű-' sána u=t̬ı̋ɫ-a ne army-N.s additional.troops-G.s-ELIS without FUT=last-IND not
- 3. lűűsa - shape shoes
- The cobbler lasts the shoes that he makes.
- þaav̈a̋a̋nlu þa̋von—táon éȝu va̋a̋na—lűűsa:
þaav-va̋a̋n-l-u þa̋v-on tá-on éȝ-u va̋a̋n-a lűűs-a shoe-make-AG-N.s shoe-A.p which-A.p he-N.s make-IND last-IND
Adjective
- 4. műgi - final, ultimate
- That was the last time his wife saw him.
- na—ȝa eȝu-kőzu éȝum e-na̋ka—műga ke̋e̋sa e-e̋sa:
n-a ȝa eȝu=kőz-u éȝ-um e=na̋k-a műga-Ø ke̋e̋s-a e=e̋s-a that-N.s that his=wife-N.s he-A.s PST=see-IND last-ABS time-N.s PST=be-IND
- 5. nĭne̋bi - most recent, latest
- The last time I saw him he had a beard.
- bisa̋ro nĭne̋ba keesa̋s—ȝa mu éȝum e-na̋ka—eȝús o e-e̋sa:
bisa̋r-o nĭ~ne̋ba-Ø kees-a̋s ȝa m-u éȝ-um e=na̋k-a eȝ-ús o e=e̋s-a beard-N.s ELT~last-ABS time-G.s that 1s.N he-A.s PST=see-IND he-G.s to PST=be-IND
- 6. lĭlísu na̋mi - most unlikely, least preferable
- nu lĭlísu na̋mu hőmu—táum mu nuse̋ȝa—e̋sa:
- He is the last person I would suspect.
éȝ-u lĭlísu na̋mu-Ø hőm-u tá-um m-u nus-e̋ȝa e̋s-a he-N.s least likely-ABS person-N.s who-A.s 1s-N suspect-SBJ be-IND
- 7. műgi - only one of its class
- The hunters killed the last wolf in the valley.
- ve̋e̋ðlus műgem leðős éna m̃a̋ilem e-ka̋a̋da:
ve̋e̋ð-l-us műg-em leð-ős éna m̃a̋il-em e=ka̋a̋d-a hunter-AG-N.p last-A.s valley-G.p in wolf-A.s PST=kill-IND
- 8. sŭsűpi - lowest in rank or degree
- ne̋sku sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ı̋lu e-ke̋la:
- The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.
ne̋sk-u sŭ~sűpo-Ø din-ős túȝa sa̋a̋-a-þ-u ı̋l-u e=ke̋l-a girl-N.s ELT~low-ABS prize-G.s with satisfy-IND-PP-N.s become-SUP PST=had.to-IND
- 9. hes- - immediately before the present
- Last night the moon was full.
- b̨a̋a̋ge hesȝita̋s e-vűűa:
b̨a̋a̋g-e hes=ȝit-a̋s e=vűű-a full.moon-N.s yester=night-G.s PST=be-IND
- 10. fe̋si – closest to a week ago
- It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday
- tárona̋ha e̋sa da sa̋rno fe̋sa neeraha̋s e-e̋sa:
tárona̋h-a e̋s-a da sa̋rn-o fe̋sa-Ø neerah-a̋s e=e̋s-a Wednesday-N.s be-IND and feast-N.s last-ABS Tuesday-G.s PST=be-IND
Adverb
- 11. nĭnévi - most recently
- He insulted me when last we met.
- éȝu mum e-poőra—méti m̃us nĭnév̈i e-pa̋na:
éȝ-u m-um e=poőr-a méti m̃-us nĭ~név=vi e=pa̋n-a he-N.s 1s-A PST=insult-IND when 1p-N ELT~recent=ADV PST=meet-IND
- 12. múƣvi - after everything else, finally
- He entered the race, but came in last.
- éȝu bőnom e-aðne̋e̋ma—ésti múƣvi e-þűka:
éȝ-u bőn-om e=aðne̋e̋m-a ésti múƣ=vi e=þűka he.N.s race-A.s PST=enter but last=ADV PST=complete
