Senjecas linguistics

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Notes

1. afx = affix, either a prefix or a suffix added to a root, e.g., ma̋xo, bag, + -ko, diminutive suffix, = ma̋xko, follicle.
2. cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., ðééa, in place of, + fe̋e̋to, noun = ðeefe̋e̋to, pronoun.
3. drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., sa̋m̃o, word, < sa̋m̃a, t.v. speak.
4. pol = a word with a different, but related sense to an original word, e.g., te̋na, tense < te̋na, time
5. These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered
6. Words in red indicate a feature that does not occur in Senjecas.

Punctuation - bőþra

• cpd boþne̋uo, punctuation mark
• cpd d̬obőto, colon
• cpd fasm̃áiþrĕm̃ı̋ı̋lo, clause hyphen (—)
• cpd k̬ilbőto, period (:)
• cpd meinbőto, em dash (—)
• cpd meþbőto, question mark
• cpd m̃iibőto, interpunct (·)
• cpd ƣeðbőto, figure dash (-)
• cpd tirbőto, paragraph end (⁝)
• cpd ża̋a̋rbőto, exclamation point
• cpd żóxd̬obőto, semicolon

Affixes - evse̋gos

• cpd ense̋go, infix
• cpd fas̈a̋m̃o, clitic
• cpd n̨ofse̋go, prefix
• cpd pos̈e̋go, suffix
• cpd þolse̋go, circumfix

Parts of speech - sam̃fa̋a̋ȝos

• cpd ðeefe̋e̋to, pronoun
  • altósðeefe̋e̋to, indefinite pronoun
  • anánðeefe̋e̋to, reciprocal pronoun
  • déisðeefe̋e̋to, demonstrative pronoun
  • hómðeefe̋e̋to, personal pronoun
  • m̃álðeefe̋e̋to, intensive pronoun
  • náánðeefe̋e̋to, reflexive pronoun
  • úð̤eefe̋e̋to, possessive pronoun
• pol fe̋e̋to, noun, substantive [< fe̋e̋ta, t.v. name]
  • ál̤uxfe̋e̋to, mass noun
  • altaƣfe̋e̋to, abstract noun
  • lezfe̋e̋to, collective noun
  • luxfe̋e̋to, count noun
  • m̃exfe̋e̋to, concrete noun
  • koinfe̋e̋to, common noun
  • šeeðfe̋e̋to, proper noun
• cpd (fe̋e̋þ)gansa̋m̃|o, adjective; -i, adj. adjectival
  • še̋e̋ðm̃i, adj. attributive
  • m̃a̋iþi, adj. predicative
• cpd ȝoorsa̋m̃o, expletive
• cpd ȝovsa̋m̃o, adposition
  • ensa̋m̃o, inposition
  • n̨ofsa̋m̃o, preposition
  • pos̈a̋m̃o, postposition
  • þolsa̋m̃o, circumposition
• drv ka̋a̋to, verb [< ka̋a̋ta, i.v. assert]
  • aska̋a̋to, transitive verb
  • álaska̋a̋to, intransitive verb
  • cpd d̬ígaamsa̋m̃o, participle
    • kid̬ígaamsa̋m̃o, active participle
    • peed̬ígaamsa̋m̃o, passive participle
  • fŭm̃uka̋a̋to, infinitive
  • cpd kaaþfe̋e̋to, supine
  • ƣeðka̋a̋to, copula
  • reeƣka̋a̋to, auxiliary verb
• cpd kaaþga̋nlo, adverb; -i, adj. adverbial
• cpd ƣeðsa̋m̃o, conjunction
  • fásƣeðsa̋m̃o, subordinating conjunction
  • ȝémƣeðsa̋m̃o, correlative conjunction
  • párƣeðsa̋m̃o, co-ordinating conjunction
• cpd rexsa̋m̃o, determiner
• cpd sa̋m̃ko, particle
  • m̃iisa̋m̃ko, disjunctive particle
  • ánvaasa̋m̃ko, quotative particle
• cpd tevsa̋m̃o, article
  • tősi, adj. definite
  • altősi, adj. indefinite

Grammar - ȝexre̋e̋ȝos

• cpd a̋ṡaþo, object
• pol de̋iṡi, adj. demonstrative [< de̋iṡa, t.v. demonstrate]
• cpd ðééfeetőȝanti, adj. prodrop
• pol ðe̋r̈a, mood [< ðe̋r̈a, attitude]
  • alnesðe̋r̈a, subjunctive mood
  • eevðe̋r̈a, imperative mood
  • kisðe̋r̈a, indicative mood
• pol fa̋si, adj. subordinate, dependent [< fa̋sa, t.v. depend on]
  • fastőso, clause
• pol fűlo, root [< fűla, t.v. root]
• pol ȝe̋þra, voice [< ȝe̋ta, t.v. relate to]
  • kiȝe̋þra, active voice
  • peeȝe̋þra, passive voice
• pol ȝővta, apposition [< ȝőba, t.v. approach]
  • ȝovsa̋m̃=o, appositive; =i, adj. appositive
• afx kı̋|lu, subject [< kı̋a, t.v. do; -lu, agent suffix]; al~, null-subject
  • -si, adj. indicative
• le̋żo, gender
  • ǧe̋nm̃i, adj. feminine
  • m̃e̋xm̃i, adj. neuter
  • m̃ı̋ı̋rm̃i, adj. masculine
• pol lűxra, number [< lűxra, enumeration]
  • d̬olűxri, adj. dual
  • meelűxri, adj. plural
  • þunlűxri, adj. singular
• pol ne̋uda, case [< ne̋udo, function]
  • ðeene̋uda, dative case
  • feeþne̋uda, nominative case
  • ham̃ne̋uda, vocative case
  • ȝaane̋uda, accusative case
• pol nőőra, aspect [nőőra, view]
  • álþuxnőőa, imperfective aspect
  • avnőőa, prospective aspect
  • deusnőőa, terminative aspect
  • f̨uuðnőőa, causative aspect
  • mem̃nőőa, progressive/continuous aspect
  • m̃esnőőa, desiderative aspect
  • nevnőőa, recent perfective aspect
  • seernőőa, frequentative aspect
  • šan̈őőa, inclinational aspect
  • šeðnőőa, habitual aspect
  • toðnőőa, inceptive aspect
  • þuxnőőa, perfective aspect
  • vuumnőőa, debitive aspect
• cpd parsa̋m̃o, correlative word [pa̋ra, t.v. correspond; sa̋m̃o, word]
• pol te̋na, tense [< te̋na, time]
  • imte̋na, present imperfective tense
  • feste̋na, past imperfective tense
  • poste̋na, future imperfective tense
  • ímþuxte̋na, present perfect tense
  • fésþuxte̋na, past perfect tense
  • pósþuxte̋na, future perfect tense

Manner of articulation - šenmőőda

• cpd ȝovše̋no, approximant
• cpd keðše̋no, guttural
• pol mőőv|a, t.v. lenite -ra, lenition [< mőőva, t.v. soften]
• cpd muiþše̋no, alveolar
• cpd naš̤e̋no, nasal
• cpd pax|še̋no, stop, plosive, occlusive. -tirše̋no, affricate
• cpd pemše̋n|o, labial; d̬í~, bilabial. -kı̋ra, labialization
• cpd piilše̋no, tap, flap
• cpd riiš̤e̋no, dental
• cpd serše̋no, sonorant
• cpd ṡiš̤e̋no, sibilant
• cpd ṡuš̤e̋no, trill
• cpd tiirše̋no, fricative, spirant
• cpd vainše̋n|o, palatal; -kı̋ra, palatalization

Syntax - m̃aiþrĕb̨őra

• pol m̃a̋iþ|ro, sentence; meþ~, interrogative sentence; -i, adj. predicate, predicative [< m̃a̋iþa, i.v. declare]
• cpd m̃ı̋ı̋o ȝe̋ko, absolute construction [m̃ı̋ı̋a, t.v. separate; ȝe̋ko, phrase]

Diacritics - goine̋uo

• cpd ȝemne̋uo, diaeresis [ȝe̋ma, t.v. pair; ne̋uo, sign]
• cpd pemne̋uo, caron [pe̋mo, lip; ne̋uo, sign]
• cpd piðne̋uo, macron [pı̋ða, t.v. lengthen; ne̋uo, sign]
• afx pőɫko, ogonek [< pőɫo, tail; -ko, diminutive suffix]
• cpd šen̈e̋uo, accent mark [še̋no, tone; ne̋uo, sign]
  • d̬ók̨orne̋uo, secondary accent mark (double acute)
  • þűnk̨orne̋uo, primary accent mark (acute)
• cpd simne̋uo, tilde [sı̋ma, t.v. whisper; ne̋uo, sign]
• cpd ufbőto, dot above [úpa, postp. above; bőto, dot]
• cpd vain̈e̋uo, retroflex hook [va̋ino, palate; ne̋uo, sign]

Phonology - sám̃šensa̋a̋r̈a

• cpd šenha̋ȝa, syncope [< še̋no, sound; ha̋ȝa, t.v. lose]
• cpd šenm̃őőga, epenthesis [<še̋no, sound; m̃őőga, t.v. add on]
• cpd šenőőnta, accent [< še̋no, sound; őőnta, height]
• cpd šenőira, elision [< še̋no, sound; őȝa, t.v. take away]

Miscellany - kaþı̋ȝa

• cpd boðše̋no, consonant [bődo, body; še̋no, sound]
• cpd d̬iše̋no, diphthong
• pol lőȝo, diminutive [lőȝa, i.v. reduce]
• cpd ruunpa̋fra, alphabet [rűűno, letter; pa̋fa, t.v. put in order]
• drv sa̋m̃|o, word [sa̋m̃a, speak]; -te̋iðra , semantics [te̋iða, t.v. mean]; -pa̋fra, word order [pa̋fa, t.v. put in order]; -me̋lo, syllable [me̋lo, member]; -pűlo, syllable [pűla, t.v. divide]; -om kı̋=a, syllabify; =ra, syllabification. -pulpı̋ðo, mora [pı̋ða, t.v. lengthen]; -šensa̋a̋r̈a, phonetics [še̋no, sound; sa̋a̋r̈a, t.v. know]; -zinsa̋a̋r̈a, morphology [zı̋na, t.v. form]
• 001 sűű|a, 1 t.v. decline, inflect, conjugate 2 i.v. inflect, conjugate; -ra, declension, inflection, conjugation
• pol sűűþra, deixis [< sűűta, t.v. show]
• cpd šen|me̋iþra, intonation [še̋no, sound; me̋iþa, t.v. change]; -mesa̋a̋r̈a, prosody [me̋a, t.v. measure; sa̋a̋r̈a, t.v. know]; -þűno, phoneme [þűno, unit]
• cpd ṡ̨uuše̋no, vowel [ṡ̨űűu, soul; še̋no, sound]
• pol ta̋a̋ȝa, t.v. parse [< ta̋a̋ȝa, t.v. analyze]
• cpd t̨óóltarne̋xaþo, calque. [t̨őőla, t.v. reflect; tarne̋xa, t.v. translate]

Sound chart - šenrı̋ı̋nmo

• cpd peműko, first row of graphemes (labials)
• cpd riis̈űko, second row of graphemes (dentals)
• cpd muitűko, third row of graphemes (alveolars)
• cpd vainűko, fourth row of graphemes (palatals)
• cpd ṡ̨úúšenűko, fifth row of graphemes (vowels)