User:Masako/sandbox
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noun phrases
The basic noun phrase in Kala is PREPOSITION DETERMINER NOUN DESCRIPTIVE-VERB RELATIVE-CLAUSE. Depending on context, this is fairly predominant with a few exceptions
ukum
| Kala | number | English | ordinal | multiple | fractional |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| na'o | 1 | one | kina'o first |
tina'o once |
- |
| ueta'o | 12 | twelve | kiueta'o twelfth |
tiueta'o twelve times |
iueta'o a twelfth |
| yauema'o yama'o |
54 | fifty four | kiyama'o fifty fourth |
tiyama'o 54 times |
iyama'o a fifty fourth |
| nyetsa'o | 106 | one hundred (and) six | kinyetsa'o 106th |
tinyetsa'o 106 times |
inyetsa'o a 106th |
| katle'o | 7000 | seven thousand | kikatle'o seven thousandth |
tikatle'o 7000 times |
ikatle'o 1/7000 |
| Ilya | number | English | Ilya | number | English | Ilya | number | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nul | 0 | zero | sha | 6 | six | kishada | 500 | five hundred |
| wa | 1 | one | seb | 7 | seven | hesha | 103 | (one) thousand |
| ni | 2 | two | oka | 8 | eight | dahesh | 104 | ten thousand |
| ush | 3 | three | nen | 9 | nine | sadahesh | 105 | (one) hundred thousand |
| ha | 4 | four | da | 10 | ten | |||
| kish | 5 | five | sada | 100 | (one) hundred |
floating
| Kala | meaning | example |
|---|---|---|
| ma | and; also | mita ina ma moku dog eat and sleep The dog eats and sleeps. |
| ua | or | mita ina ua moku dog eat or sleep The dog eats or sleeps. |
| ehe me |
but; yet | mita ina ma mokunke dog eat but sleep-NEG The dog eats but does not sleep. |
| yema | both X and Y |
correlative
- yema - both X and Y
- mita ina yema empa - dog eat both.X.and.Y run - The dog eats and runs.
- ue - either X or Y
- mita ina ue empa - dog eat either.X.or.Y run - The dog is either eating or running.
- uenke (uek) - neither X nor Y
- mita ina uenke empa - dog eat neither.X.nor.Y run - The dog is neither eating nor running.
case
case
nominative
The basic form of each noun, and the one cited in dictionaries, is the nominative singular. All the other forms can be derived from it.
- adab - house
- adabim houses
oblique
- adabo - house
- adabim houses
genitive
locative
instrumental
nkalu
| Agent | Patient | Reflexive | Possessive | Reciprocal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | na I |
ena me |
na'i myself |
nayo my; mine |
|
| 2sg | ta you (thou) |
eta you |
ta'i yourself |
tayo your(s) |
|
| 3sg | ha he/she |
eha him/her |
ha'i himself/herself |
hayo his/her(s) |
|
| 4sg | tla it/one |
etla it |
tla'i itself/oneself |
tlayo its/one's |
|
| 1pl 1pl EXCL |
nam we na'am we (not you) |
enam ena'am |
nami na'ami |
namyo na'amyo |
nanku na'anku |
| 2pl | tam | etam | tami | tamyo | tanku |
| 3pl | kam | ekam | kami | kamyo | kanku |
| 4pl | tlam | etlam | tlami | tlamyo | tlanku |
