Senjecas linguistics: Difference between revisions
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==Pronunciation table== | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;" | ||
!p | !p | ||
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!f | !f | ||
!v | !v | ||
! | !ɱ | ||
!m | !m | ||
| | | | ||
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!þ | !þ | ||
!ð | !ð | ||
! | !ɫ | ||
!l | !l | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
!c | !c | ||
! | !ᵶ | ||
!s | !s | ||
!z | !z | ||
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!e | !e | ||
!a | !a | ||
! | !ɵ | ||
!o | !o | ||
!u | !u | ||
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< | *cpd = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', ''' ðę́a''', in place of, + '''fę̋to''', noun = '''ðęfę̋to''', pronoun. | ||
*drv = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''sa̋ɱo''', word, < '''sa̋ɱa''', ''t.v.'' speak. | |||
*fix = a word formed from a root and an affix, ''e.g.'', '''kı̋a''', ''t.v.'' do + '''-lu ''', ''verbal agentive suffix'' = '''kı̋lu''', subject. | |||
*pol = a word with a different, but related sense to an original word, ''e.g.'', '''te̋na''', tense < '''te̋na''', time. | |||
*These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered. | |||
*Words in {{Color|red|red}} indicate a feature that does not occur in Senjecas. | |||
== | == Punctuation - '''bőta'''== | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''boþᵶę̋no''', punctuation mark. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''düobőto''', {{Color|red|colon}}. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''fástosɱı̨̋o''', clause hyphen (—). | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''küilbőto''', period (:). | ||
*'''meþbőto''', {{ | *''cpd'' '''meþbőto''', {{Color|red|question mark}}. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''ɱįbőto''', interpunct (·). | ||
*'''pulbőto''', hyphen (–). | *''cpd'' '''pulbőto''', hyphen (–). | ||
*'''tirbőto''', paragraph end (⋮). | *''cpd'' '''tirbőto''', paragraph end (⋮). | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''ᵶąrbőto''', {{Color|red|exclamation point}}. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''ᵶóxdüobőto''', {{Color|red|semicolon}}. | ||
== | ==Affixes - '''evse̋gos'''== | ||
*'''ense̋go''', {{ | *''cpd'' '''ense̋go''', {{Color|red|infix}}. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''nÿofse̋go''', prefix. | ||
*'''pose̋go''', suffix. | *''cpd'' '''pose̋go''', suffix. | ||
*'''þolse̋go''', {{ | *''cpd'' '''þolse̋go''', {{Color|red|circumfix}}. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''fasa̋ɱo''', clitic. | ||
== | ==Parts of speech - '''saɱfą̋ȝos'''== | ||
*'''ðęfę̋to''', pronoun. | *''cpd'' '''ðęfę̋to''', pronoun. | ||
*'''fę̋to''', noun, substantive. | *''pol'' '''fę̋to''', noun, substantive. '''al̨ux~''', mass noun. '''altaᵹ~''', abstract noun. '''lez~''', collective noun. '''lux~''', count noun. '''ɱex~''', concrete noun. '''koin~''', common noun. '''süęð~''', proper noun. | ||
*''cpd'' '''fęþga̋nlo''', adjective. | |||
::'''süę̋ðɱo''', ''adj.'' attributive. | |||
::'''ɱa̋iþo''', ''adj.'' predicative. | |||
*''cpd'' '''ȝǫrsa̋ɱo''', expletive. | |||
*''cpd'' '''ȝovsa̋ɱo''', adposition. | |||
::'''ensa̋ɱo''', {{Color|red|inposition}}. | |||
::'''nÿofsa̋ɱo''', preposition. | |||
*'''fęþga̋nlo''', adjective. | ::'''posa̋ɱo''', postposition. | ||
::''' | ::'''þolsa̋ɱo''', {{Color|red|circumposition}}. | ||
::''' | *001 '''ką̋to''', verb. '''as~''', transitive verb. '''alas~''', intransitive verb. '''ᵹeð~''', copula. '''ręᵹ~''', auxiliary verb. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''kąþfę̋to''', supine. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''ką́þgansa̋ɱo''', participle. '''ki~ ''', active participle. '''pę~''', passive participle. | ||
::''' | *''cpd'' '''kąþga̋nlo''', adverb. | ||
::''' | *''cpd'' '''ɱįsa̋ɱko''', disjunctive particle. | ||
::''' | *''cpd'' '''ᵹeðsa̋ɱo''', conjunction. | ||
::''' | *''cpd'' '''sa̋ɱko''', particle. | ||
*001 '''ką̋to''', verb. | *''cpd'' '''tevsa̋ɱo''', {{Color|red|article}}. | ||
::'''tősi''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|definite}}. | |||
::'''altősi''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|indefinite}}. | |||
*''cpd'' '''rexsa̋ɱo''', determiner. | |||
*'''kąþfę̋to''', supine. | |||
*''' | |||
*'''kąþga̋nlo''', adverb. | |||
*''' | |||
*''' | |||
*''' | |||
*''' | |||
::'''tősi''', ''adj.'' {{ | |||
::'''altősi''', ''adj.'' {{ | |||
*''' | |||
== | ==Grammar - '''ȝexrę̋ȝos'''== | ||
*'''a̋caþo''', object. | *''cpd'' '''a̋caþo''', object. | ||
*'''de̋ici''', ''adj.'' demonstrative. | *''cpd'' '''alkı̋lu''', ''adj.'' null-subject. | ||
*'''ðę́fętőȝanti''', ''adj.'' prodrop. | *''pol'' '''de̋ici''', ''adj.'' demonstrative. | ||
*'''fa̋si''', ''adj.'' subordinate, dependent. | *''cpd'' '''ðę́fętőȝanti''', ''adj.'' prodrop. | ||
*''pol'' '''fa̋si''', ''adj.'' subordinate, dependent. '''~tőso''', clause. | |||
*'''fűlo''', root. | *''pol'' '''fűlo''', root. | ||
*''' | *''fix'' '''güe̋nɱi''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|feminine}}. | ||
*''' | *''pol'' '''ȝőv|ta''', apposition. '''-sa̋ɱo''', appositive. '''-sa̋ɱi''', ''adj.'' appositive. | ||
*''fix'' '''kı̋|lu''', subject. '''-si''', ''adj.'' indicative. | |||
*''pol'' '''lűka''', number. '''sem~''', ''adj.'' singular. '''mę~''', ''adj.'' plural. | |||
*''' | *''fix'' '''ɱe̋xɱi''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|neuter}}. | ||
*''fix'' '''ɱı̨̋rɱi''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|masculine}}. | |||
*'''lűka''', number. | *''pol'' '''ðe̋ra''', mood. '''ęv~''', imperative mood. '''fęþ~''', {{Color|red|infinitive}}. '''ȝeþ''', relative mood. '''kis~''', indicative mood. '''alne̋s~''', subjunctive mood. | ||
*''pol'' '''ne̋uda''', case. '''ðę~''', dative case. '''fęþ~''', nominative case. '''haɱ~''', vocative case. '''ȝą~''', accusative case. | |||
*''pol'' '''nǫ̋a''', aspect. '''álþux~''', imperfective aspect. '''av~''', prospective aspect. '''en̨ǫ̋a''', inclinational aspect. '''f̣ųð~''', causative aspect. '''~nǫ̋a''', progressive/continuous aspect. '''ɱes~''', desiderative aspect. '''nev~''', recent perfective aspect. '''sęr~''', frequentative aspect. '''süeð~''', habitual aspect. '''toð~''', inceptive aspect. '''þux~''', perfective aspect. '''vųm~''', debitive aspect. | |||
*''' | *''pol'' '''pą̋sa''', voice. '''ki~''', active voice. '''pę~''', passive voice. | ||
*''' | *''pol'' '''te̋na''', tense. '''im~''', present imperfective tense. '''fes~''', past imperfective tense. '''pos~''', future imperfective tense. '''ímþux~''', present perfect tense. '''fésþux~''', past perfect tense. '''pósþux~''', future perfect tense. | ||
*'''ðe̋ra''', mood. | |||
*'' | |||
*'''nǫ̋a''', aspect. | |||
*'''pą̋sa''', voice. | |||
*'''te̋na''', tense. | |||
== | ==Manner of articulation - '''süenmǫ̋da'''== | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''cisüe̋no''', sibilant. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''cusüe̋no''', {{Color|red|trill}}. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''d̬ífemsüe̋no''', bilabial. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''femsüe̋n|o''', {{Color|red|labial}}. '''-kı̋ra''', labialization. | ||
*''cpd'' '''ȝovsüe̋no''', {{Color|red|approximant}}. | |||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''keðsüe̋no''', {{Color|red|guttural}}. | ||
*''' | *''pol'' '''mǫ̋v|a''', ''t.v.'' lenite. '''-ra''', lenition. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''nas̨üe̋no''', nasal. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''muiþsüe̋no''', alveolar. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''paxsüe̋no''', stop, plosive, occlusive. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''páxtirsüe̋no''', affricate. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''pįlsüe̋no''', tap, flap. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''rįsüe̋no''', dental. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''sersüe̋no''', sonorant. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''tįrsüe̋no''', fricative, spirant. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''vainsüe̋n|o''', palatal. '''-kı̋ra''', palatalization. | ||
*''' | |||
== | ==Syntax - '''tosbÿőra'''== | ||
*'''tőso''', sentence. | *002 '''tőso''', sentence. '''meþ~''', interrogative sentence. | ||
*''pol'' '''ɱa̋iþi''', ''adj.'' predicate, predicative. | |||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''ɱı̨̋o ȝe̋xo''', absolute construction. | ||
*''' | |||
== | ==Accent - '''süenǫ̋nta'''== | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''süenᵶę̋no''', accent mark. '''dáᵹ~''', secondary accent mark [double acute]. '''rę́ð~''', primary accent mark [acute]. | ||
*''fix'' '''ke̋ᵹko''', ogonek. | |||
*''cpd'' '''ręzne̋uo''', {{Color|red|macron}}. | |||
== | ==Phonology - '''süensą̋ra'''== | ||
*''' | *'''süen|ha̋ȝa''', syncope. '''-ɱǫ̋ga''', epenthesis. '''-őȝa''', elision. | ||
== | ==Miscellany - '''kaþı̋ȝa'''== | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''boðsüe̋no''', consonant. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''cÿųsüe̋no''', vowel. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''düisüe̋no''', {{Color|red|diphthong}}. | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''rųnı̋da''', alphabet. | ||
*''drv'' '''sa̋ɱ|o''', word. '''-dı̋la''', semantics. '''-ı̋da''', word order. '''-me̋lo''', syllable. '''-süensa̋ra''', phonetics. '''-zinsą̋ra''', morphology. | |||
*''' | *003 '''sų̋|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' decline, inflect, conjugate. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' inflect, conjugate. '''-ra''', declension, inflection, conjugation. | ||
*''pol'' '''sų̋þra''', deixis. | |||
*''cpd'' '''süen|lę̋pa''', intonation. '''-mesą̋ra''', prosody. '''se̋mo''', phoneme. | |||
*''pol'' '''tą̋ȝa''' ''t.v.'', parse. | |||
* | |||
*''' | |||
*''' | |||
*'''tą̋ȝa''', parse. | |||
== | ==Sound chart - '''süenrı̨̋nmo'''== | ||
*'''feműko''', first row of graphemes (labials). | *''cpd'' '''feműko''', first row of graphemes (labials). | ||
*'''rįsűko''', second row of graphemes (dentals). | *''cpd'' '''rįsűko''', second row of graphemes (dentals). | ||
*'''muiþűko''', third row of graphemes (alveolars). | *''cpd'' '''muiþűko''', third row of graphemes (alveolars). | ||
*'''vainűko''', fourth row of graphemes (palatals). | *''cpd'' '''vainűko''', fourth row of graphemes (palatals). | ||
*''' | *''cpd'' '''cÿųsüe̋nűko''', fifth row of graphemes (vowels). |
Revision as of 08:43, 7 July 2016
Pronunciation table
p | b | f | v | ɱ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | c | ᵶ | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ᵹ | h | ȝ | š | ṡ | i | e | a | ɵ | o | u | ı | ɛ | y | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̊/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ |
- cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., ðę́a, in place of, + fę̋to, noun = ðęfę̋to, pronoun.
- drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., sa̋ɱo, word, < sa̋ɱa, t.v. speak.
- fix = a word formed from a root and an affix, e.g., kı̋a, t.v. do + -lu , verbal agentive suffix = kı̋lu, subject.
- pol = a word with a different, but related sense to an original word, e.g., te̋na, tense < te̋na, time.
- These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
- Words in red indicate a feature that does not occur in Senjecas.
Punctuation - bőta
- cpd boþᵶę̋no, punctuation mark.
- cpd düobőto, colon.
- cpd fástosɱı̨̋o, clause hyphen (—).
- cpd küilbőto, period (:).
- cpd meþbőto, question mark.
- cpd ɱįbőto, interpunct (·).
- cpd pulbőto, hyphen (–).
- cpd tirbőto, paragraph end (⋮).
- cpd ᵶąrbőto, exclamation point.
- cpd ᵶóxdüobőto, semicolon.
Affixes - evse̋gos
- cpd ense̋go, infix.
- cpd nÿofse̋go, prefix.
- cpd pose̋go, suffix.
- cpd þolse̋go, circumfix.
- cpd fasa̋ɱo, clitic.
Parts of speech - saɱfą̋ȝos
- cpd ðęfę̋to, pronoun.
- pol fę̋to, noun, substantive. al̨ux~, mass noun. altaᵹ~, abstract noun. lez~, collective noun. lux~, count noun. ɱex~, concrete noun. koin~, common noun. süęð~, proper noun.
- cpd fęþga̋nlo, adjective.
- süę̋ðɱo, adj. attributive.
- ɱa̋iþo, adj. predicative.
- cpd ȝǫrsa̋ɱo, expletive.
- cpd ȝovsa̋ɱo, adposition.
- ensa̋ɱo, inposition.
- nÿofsa̋ɱo, preposition.
- posa̋ɱo, postposition.
- þolsa̋ɱo, circumposition.
- 001 ką̋to, verb. as~, transitive verb. alas~, intransitive verb. ᵹeð~, copula. ręᵹ~, auxiliary verb.
- cpd kąþfę̋to, supine.
- cpd ką́þgansa̋ɱo, participle. ki~ , active participle. pę~, passive participle.
- cpd kąþga̋nlo, adverb.
- cpd ɱįsa̋ɱko, disjunctive particle.
- cpd ᵹeðsa̋ɱo, conjunction.
- cpd sa̋ɱko, particle.
- cpd tevsa̋ɱo, article.
- tősi, adj. definite.
- altősi, adj. indefinite.
- cpd rexsa̋ɱo, determiner.
Grammar - ȝexrę̋ȝos
- cpd a̋caþo, object.
- cpd alkı̋lu, adj. null-subject.
- pol de̋ici, adj. demonstrative.
- cpd ðę́fętőȝanti, adj. prodrop.
- pol fa̋si, adj. subordinate, dependent. ~tőso, clause.
- pol fűlo, root.
- fix güe̋nɱi, adj. feminine.
- pol ȝőv|ta, apposition. -sa̋ɱo, appositive. -sa̋ɱi, adj. appositive.
- fix kı̋|lu, subject. -si, adj. indicative.
- pol lűka, number. sem~, adj. singular. mę~, adj. plural.
- fix ɱe̋xɱi, adj. neuter.
- fix ɱı̨̋rɱi, adj. masculine.
- pol ðe̋ra, mood. ęv~, imperative mood. fęþ~, infinitive. ȝeþ, relative mood. kis~, indicative mood. alne̋s~, subjunctive mood.
- pol ne̋uda, case. ðę~, dative case. fęþ~, nominative case. haɱ~, vocative case. ȝą~, accusative case.
- pol nǫ̋a, aspect. álþux~, imperfective aspect. av~, prospective aspect. en̨ǫ̋a, inclinational aspect. f̣ųð~, causative aspect. ~nǫ̋a, progressive/continuous aspect. ɱes~, desiderative aspect. nev~, recent perfective aspect. sęr~, frequentative aspect. süeð~, habitual aspect. toð~, inceptive aspect. þux~, perfective aspect. vųm~, debitive aspect.
- pol pą̋sa, voice. ki~, active voice. pę~, passive voice.
- pol te̋na, tense. im~, present imperfective tense. fes~, past imperfective tense. pos~, future imperfective tense. ímþux~, present perfect tense. fésþux~, past perfect tense. pósþux~, future perfect tense.
Manner of articulation - süenmǫ̋da
- cpd cisüe̋no, sibilant.
- cpd cusüe̋no, trill.
- cpd d̬ífemsüe̋no, bilabial.
- cpd femsüe̋n|o, labial. -kı̋ra, labialization.
- cpd ȝovsüe̋no, approximant.
- cpd keðsüe̋no, guttural.
- pol mǫ̋v|a, t.v. lenite. -ra, lenition.
- cpd nas̨üe̋no, nasal.
- cpd muiþsüe̋no, alveolar.
- cpd paxsüe̋no, stop, plosive, occlusive.
- cpd páxtirsüe̋no, affricate.
- cpd pįlsüe̋no, tap, flap.
- cpd rįsüe̋no, dental.
- cpd sersüe̋no, sonorant.
- cpd tįrsüe̋no, fricative, spirant.
- cpd vainsüe̋n|o, palatal. -kı̋ra, palatalization.
Syntax - tosbÿőra
- 002 tőso, sentence. meþ~, interrogative sentence.
- pol ɱa̋iþi, adj. predicate, predicative.
- cpd ɱı̨̋o ȝe̋xo, absolute construction.
Accent - süenǫ̋nta
- cpd süenᵶę̋no, accent mark. dáᵹ~, secondary accent mark [double acute]. rę́ð~, primary accent mark [acute].
- fix ke̋ᵹko, ogonek.
- cpd ręzne̋uo, macron.
Phonology - süensą̋ra
- süen|ha̋ȝa, syncope. -ɱǫ̋ga, epenthesis. -őȝa, elision.
Miscellany - kaþı̋ȝa
- cpd boðsüe̋no, consonant.
- cpd cÿųsüe̋no, vowel.
- cpd düisüe̋no, diphthong.
- cpd rųnı̋da, alphabet.
- drv sa̋ɱ|o, word. -dı̋la, semantics. -ı̋da, word order. -me̋lo, syllable. -süensa̋ra, phonetics. -zinsą̋ra, morphology.
- 003 sų̋|a, 1. t.v. decline, inflect, conjugate. 2. i.v. inflect, conjugate. -ra, declension, inflection, conjugation.
- pol sų̋þra, deixis.
- cpd süen|lę̋pa, intonation. -mesą̋ra, prosody. se̋mo, phoneme.
- pol tą̋ȝa t.v., parse.
Sound chart - süenrı̨̋nmo
- cpd feműko, first row of graphemes (labials).
- cpd rįsűko, second row of graphemes (dentals).
- cpd muiþűko, third row of graphemes (alveolars).
- cpd vainűko, fourth row of graphemes (palatals).
- cpd cÿųsüe̋nűko, fifth row of graphemes (vowels).