User:Masako/nkala

sounds

• / ŋ ɲ ʃ ɦ ɬ ʔ ʷ ʲ ᵐ ⁿ ᵑ ˈ ː /

• á é í ñ ó

vowels

	front	back
close	i, iː	o, oː
mid	e, eː
open	a, aː

nouns

pronouns

	singular	plural
first person	wa-	pwa-
second person	ni-	nti-
third person	o- (ho-)	ko-

verbs

• hi - arrive
• ka - do; make; cause
• la - go; move; walk
• na - know; understand
• ne - eat; drink; consume
• nya - see; look; watch

verb modifiers

• -kí / nkí - complete past (“had eaten”)
• -pí - habitual past (“used to eat”)
• -yá - incomplete past (“ate”)
• -ká - imperative (“go!”)
• -lé - potential (“might go”)
• -má - interrogative mood
• -pá - ability (“can go”)
• -pwi - uncertain past (“perhaps ate”)
• -só - exhortative (“should go”)
• -té - future

adpositionals

• -haí - above or over
• -hwé - on; at; in
• -kaí - to; towards
• -myé - out of; away from
• -né - inside; within; into
• -nyí - through; across
• -pé - along; back to
• -pyá - over there
• -tsó - static location
• -wai - on top of
• -wé - under

examples

• ni-wa-na-má

do you know me?

• o-nya-kí

he had seen

• wa-ho-nya

I look at her

• wa-la-té

I will go

• nya-ká

Look!

• ko-ho-na-pwi

perhaps they knew him

• o-na-só

she should know

• o-hi-pí

she used to come

• ko-ne-yá

they ate

• pwa-ko-nya-lé

we might see them

• nti-wa-nya-pá

you [pl] can look at me