User:Masako/sandbox

verbs

Ilya relies on verbs and their modifiers to express many subtleties of meaning, the Ilya verb can generally function as a verb, adjective, or preposition, but the rules of use are very simple.

verb modifiers

• i- - reflexive [REFL]

iwagana - REFL-1sg-see-PROG - I see myself.

• ba- - negative [NEG]
• -sh - past tense [PST]
• -é - interrogative [Q]

yeshgané - 2sg.OBJ-PST-see-Q - Were you seen?

• -a - progressive [PROG]
• -ó - habitual [HAB]

nouns

noun modifiers

number

• x - horse
• x - horses

noun classes

• x- - people; places
• x- - trees; weather; natural phenomena
• x- - groups of objects; collective
• x- - tools; artifacts
• x- - body parts and functions
• x- - animals; noises
• x- / a- - abstract; null

pronouns

Both subject and object are marked on the verb.

• wa- - first person singular
• ha(n)- - first person plural
• ya- - second person singular
• (q)a- - second person plural

prefixes

There are no personal pronouns - they aren’t needed, since persons are indicated on the verb.

adpositions

locative affixes

• x- - static location
• x- - inside of an object
• x- - under water
• x- - into water
• x- - on top of
• x- - under
• x- - through
• x- - out of
• x- - above or over
• x- - in the air
• x- - across

• x- - on / at / away from
• x- - along / back to
• x- - over there
• x- - to / towards