Kala/syllables: Difference between revisions

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{{Kala 2}}


= kiso =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 600px;"
 
|+tloko
* The 86 basic syllables, called '''kiso'''. The majority of Kala lexical entries are made up of two of these syllables. In Kala [[Wikipedia:Phonotactics|phonotactics]] the '''kiso''' syllables are analyzed as "(C)V".
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"
|-
| '''pa'''<br>/paː/
| '''pe'''<br>/peː/
| '''pi'''<br>/piː/
| '''po'''<br>/poː/
| '''pu'''<br>/puː/
| '''pua'''<br>/pʷaː/
| '''pue'''<br>/pʷeː/
| '''pya'''<br>/pʲaː/
| '''pye'''<br>/pʲeː/
| '''pyo'''<br>/pʲoː/
|-
| '''ta'''<br>/taː/
| '''te'''<br>/teː/
| '''ti'''<br>/tiː/
| '''to'''<br>/toː/
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
| '''ka'''<br>/kaː/
| '''ke'''<br>/keː/
| '''ki'''<br>/kiː/
| '''ko'''<br>/koː/
| '''ku'''<br>/kuː/
| '''kua'''<br>/kʷaː/
| '''kue'''<br>/kʷeː/
| '''kya'''<br>/kʲaː/
| '''kye'''<br>/kʲeː/
| '''kyo'''<br>/kʲoː/
|-
| '''ma'''<br>/maː/
| '''me'''<br>/meː/
| '''mi'''<br>/miː/
| '''mo'''<br>/moː/
| '''mu'''<br>/muː/
| '''mua'''<br>/mʷaː/
| '''mue'''<br>/mʷeː/
| '''mya'''<br>/mʲaː/
| '''mye'''<br>/mʲeː/
| '''myo'''<br>/mʲoː/
|-
| '''na'''<br>/naː/
| '''ne'''<br>/neː/
| '''ni'''<br>/niː/
| '''no'''<br>/noː/
| '''nu'''<br>/nuː/
| '''nua'''<br>/nʷaː/
| '''nue'''<br>/nʷeː/
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
| '''nya'''<br>/ɲaː/
| '''nye'''<br>/ɲeː/
| '''nyo'''<br>/ɲoː/
|-
| '''sa'''<br>/sa:/
| '''se'''<br>/se:/
| '''si'''<br>/si:/
| '''so'''<br>/so:/
| '''su'''<br>/su:/
| '''sua'''<br>/sʷa:/
| '''sue'''<br>/sʷe:/
| ''-''
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
|-
| '''ha'''<br>/haː/
!
| '''he'''<br>/ɦeː/
! a
| '''hi'''<br>/ɦiː/
! e
| '''ho'''<br>/hoː/
! i
| '''hu'''<br>/huː/
! o
| '''hua'''<br>/hʷaː/
! u
| '''hue'''<br>/ɦʷeː/
! ua
| '''hya'''<br>/hʲaː/
! ue
| '''hye'''<br>/ɦʲeː/
! ya
| '''hyo'''<br>/hʲoː/
! ye
! yo
! ai
! ao
! uai
! yao
|-
|-
| '''tsa'''<br>/t͡sa:/
! p
| '''tse'''<br>/t͡se:/
| align="center"|''(m)pa''
| '''tsi'''<br>/t͡si:/
| align="center"|''(m)pe''
| '''tso'''<br>/t͡so:/
| align="center"|''(m)pi''
| '''tsu'''<br>/t͡su:/
| align="center"|''(m)po''
| '''tsua'''<br>/t͡sʷa:/
| align="center"|''(m)pu''
| '''tsue'''<br>/t͡sʷe:/
| align="center"|''pua''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''pue''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''pya''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''pye''
| align="center"|''pyo''
| align="center"|''pai''
| align="center"|''pao''
| align="center"|''puai''
| align="center"|''pyao''
|-
|-
| '''tla'''<br>/t͡ɬa:/
! t
| '''tle'''<br>/t͡ɬe:/
| align="center"|''(n)ta''
| '''tli'''<br>/t͡ɬi:/
| align="center"|''(n)te''
| '''tlo'''<br>/t͡ɬo:/
| align="center"|''(n)ti''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''(n)to''
| ''-''
| align="center"|'' ''
| ''-''
| align="center"|'' ''
| ''-''
| align="center"|'' ''
| ''-''
| align="center"|'' ''
| ''-''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|''tai''
| align="center"|''tao''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
|-
|-
| ''-''
! k
| ''-''
| align="center"|''(n)ka''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''(n)ke''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''(n)ki''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''(n)ko''
| '''ua'''<br>/wa:/
| align="center"|''(n)ku''
| '''ue'''<br>/we:/
| align="center"|''kua''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''kue''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''kya''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''kye''
| align="center"|''kyo''
| align="center"|''kai''
| align="center"|''kao''
| align="center"|''kuai''
| align="center"|''kyao''
|-
|-
| '''la'''<br>/la:/
! m
| '''le'''<br>/le:/
| align="center"|''ma''
| '''li'''<br>/li:/
| align="center"|''me''
| '''lo'''<br>/lo:/
| align="center"|''mi''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''mo''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''mu''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''mua''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''mue''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''mya''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''mye''
| align="center"|''myo''
| align="center"|''mai''
| align="center"|''mao''
| align="center"|''muai''
| align="center"|''myao''
|-
|-
| ''-''
! n
| ''-''
| align="center"|''na''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''ne''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''ni''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''no''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''nu''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''nua''
| '''ya'''<br>/ja:/
| align="center"|''nue''
| '''ye'''<br>/je:/
| align="center"|''nya''
| '''yo'''<br>/jo:/
| align="center"|''nye''
| align="center"|''nyo''
| align="center"|''nai''
| align="center"|''nao''
| align="center"|''nuai''
| align="center"|''nyao''
|-
|-
| '''a'''<br>/a:/
! s
| '''e'''<br>/e:/
| align="center"|''sa''
| '''i'''<br>/i:/
| align="center"|''se''
| '''o'''<br>/o:/
| align="center"|''si''
| '''u'''<br>/u:/
| align="center"|''so''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''su''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''sua''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''sue''
| ''-''
| align="center"|'' ''
| ''-''
| align="center"|'' ''
|}
| align="center"|'' ''
 
| align="center"|''sai''
= prenasalized =
| align="center"|''sao''
 
| align="center"|''suai''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"
| align="center"|'' ''
|-
| '''mpa'''<br>/ᵐpaː/
| '''mpe'''<br>/ᵐpeː/
| '''mpi'''<br>/ᵐpiː/
| '''mpo'''<br>/ᵐpoː/
| '''mpu'''<br>/ᵐpuː/
|-
| '''nta'''<br>/ⁿtaː/
| '''nte'''<br>/ⁿteː/
| '''nti'''<br>/ⁿtiː/
| '''nto'''<br>/ⁿtoː/
| ''-''
|-
| '''nka'''<br>/ᵑkaː/
| '''nke'''<br>/ᵑkeː/
| '''nki'''<br>/ᵑkiː/
| '''nko'''<br>/ᵑkoː/
| '''nku'''<br>/ᵑkuː/
|}
 
= diphthonged =
 
* These syllables, called '''musatao''' only occur word finally and are used to modify nouns and verbs in order to convey nuance of meaning. Very few of '''[[Kala]]''' lexical entries include these syllables. In '''[[Kala]]''' [[Wikipedia:Phonotactics|phonotactics]] the '''musatao''' syllables are analyzed as "(C)D".
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"
|-
| '''pai'''<br>/paɪ/
| '''pao'''<br>/paʊ/
| '''puai'''<br>/pʷaɪ/
| '''pyao'''<br>/pʲaʊ/
|-
| '''tai'''<br>/taɪ/
| '''tao'''<br>/taʊ/
| ''-''
| ''-''
|-
| '''kai'''<br>/kaɪ/
| '''kao'''<br>/kaʊ/
| '''kuai'''<br>/kʷaɪ/
| '''kyao'''<br>/kʲaʊ/
|-
|-
| '''mai'''<br>/maɪ/
! h
| '''mao'''<br>/maʊ/
| align="center"|''ha''
| '''muai'''<br>/mʷaɪ/
| align="center"|''he''
| '''myao'''<br>/mʲaʊ/
| align="center"|''hi''
| align="center"|''ho''
| align="center"|''hu''
| align="center"|''hua''
| align="center"|''hue''
| align="center"|''hya''
| align="center"|''hye''
| align="center"|''hyo''
| align="center"|''hai''
| align="center"|''hao''
| align="center"|''huai''
| align="center"|''hyao''
|-
|-
| '''nai'''<br>/naɪ/
! ts
| '''nao'''<br>/naʊ/
| align="center"|''tsa''
| '''nuai'''<br>/nʷaɪ/
| align="center"|''tse''
| '''nyao'''<br>/nʲaʊ/
| align="center"|''tsi''
| align="center"|''tso''
| align="center"|''tsu''
| align="center"|''tsua''
| align="center"|''tsue''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|''tsai''
| align="center"|''tsao''
| align="center"|''tsuai''
| align="center"|'' ''
|-
|-
| '''sai'''<br>/saɪ/
! tl
| '''sao'''<br>/saʊ/
| align="center"|''tla''
| '''suai'''<br>/sʷaɪ/
| align="center"|''tle''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''tli''
| align="center"|''tlo''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|''tlai''
| align="center"|''tlao''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
|-
|-
| '''hai'''<br>/haɪ/
! l
| '''hao'''<br>/haʊ/
| align="center"|''la''
| '''huai'''<br>/hʷaɪ/
| align="center"|''le''
| '''hyao'''<br>/hʲaʊ/
| align="center"|''li''
| align="center"|''lo''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|''lai''
| align="center"|''lao''
| align="center"|'' ''
| align="center"|'' ''
|-
|-
| '''tsai'''<br>/t͡saɪ/
! -
| '''tsao'''<br>/t͡saʊ/
| align="center"|''a''
| '''tsuai'''<br>/t͡sʷaɪ/
| align="center"|''e''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''i''
|-
| align="center"|''o''
| '''tlai'''<br>/t͡ɬaɪ/
| align="center"|''u''
| '''tlao'''<br>/t͡ɬaʊ/
| align="center"|''ua''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''ue''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''ya''
|-
| align="center"|''ye''
| '''lai'''<br>/laɪ/
| align="center"|''yo''
| '''lao'''<br>/laʊ/
| align="center"|''ai''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''ao''
| ''-''
| align="center"|''uai''
|-
| align="center"|''yao''
| '''ai'''<br>/aɪ/
| '''ao'''<br>/aʊ/
| '''uai'''<br>/waɪ/
| '''yao'''<br>/jaʊ/
|}
 
= final codas =
 
* The three codas are /k/, /m/, and /n/; these only occur as a final codas to negate, pluralize or adverbialize verbs and nouns, respectively.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 200px;"
|-
| '''k'''
| '''m'''
| '''n'''
|}
|}
= Index =
{{Kala index}}
[[Category:Kala]]

Revision as of 05:33, 13 December 2015


tloko
a e i o u ua ue ya ye yo ai ao uai yao
p (m)pa (m)pe (m)pi (m)po (m)pu pua pue pya pye pyo pai pao puai pyao
t (n)ta (n)te (n)ti (n)to tai tao
k (n)ka (n)ke (n)ki (n)ko (n)ku kua kue kya kye kyo kai kao kuai kyao
m ma me mi mo mu mua mue mya mye myo mai mao muai myao
n na ne ni no nu nua nue nya nye nyo nai nao nuai nyao
s sa se si so su sua sue sai sao suai
h ha he hi ho hu hua hue hya hye hyo hai hao huai hyao
ts tsa tse tsi tso tsu tsua tsue tsai tsao tsuai
tl tla tle tli tlo tlai tlao
l la le li lo lai lao
- a e i o u ua ue ya ye yo ai ao uai yao
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