Local cases: Difference between revisions
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The usual labels for local are cases built on the model of the Latin ''ablātīvus'' 'ablative' which is made up of the preposition ''ab'' 'from' plus a stem ''{{IPA|lātīvus}}'' the root of which is ''{{IPA|lāt}}'', which is used for the perfect participle of ''{{IPA|ferō}}'' 'I bear'. Other labels are formed by varying the preposition or by combining prepositions with the stem essīvus from ''esse'' 'to be'. | The usual labels for local are cases built on the model of the Latin ''ablātīvus'' 'ablative' which is made up of the preposition ''ab'' 'from' plus a stem ''{{IPA|lātīvus}}'' the root of which is ''{{IPA|lāt}}'', which is used for the perfect participle of ''{{IPA|ferō}}'' 'I bear'. Other labels are formed by varying the preposition or by combining prepositions with the stem essīvus from ''esse'' 'to be'. | ||
{| | {| width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="3" | ||
!width=20%| Latin root | !width=20%, align=left| Latin root | ||
!width=20%, align=left| Meaning | |||
!width=25%, align=left| Case label | |||
!width=350%, align=left| Meaning | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ad'' || 'to' || allative || to(wards) (the exterior of) | | ''ad'' || 'to' || allative || 'to(wards) (the exterior of)' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''in'' || 'into' || illative || into | | ''in'' || 'into' || illative || 'into' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ab'' || 'from' || ablative || from (the exterior of) | | ''ab'' || 'from' || ablative || 'from (the exterior of)' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''e(x)'' || 'out of || elative || from (the inside of) | | ''e(x)'' || 'out of || elative || 'from (the inside of)' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''super'' || 'above' || superlative || to the top of | | ''super'' || 'above' || superlative || 'to the top of' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''trans'' || 'through' || translative || through | | ''trans'' || 'through' || translative || 'through' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''per'' || 'through' || perlative || through, along | | ''per'' || 'through' || perlative || 'through, along' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || || essive || at (cf. locative) | | || || essive || 'at (cf. locative)' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''in'' || 'in' || inessive || in(side) | | ''in'' || 'in' || inessive || 'in(side)' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ad'' || 'to' || adessive || at | | ''ad'' || 'to' || adessive || 'at' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''super'' || 'above' || superessive || above | | ''super'' || 'above' || superessive || 'above' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''sub'' || 'under' || subessive || below | | ''sub'' || 'under' || subessive || 'below' | ||
|} | |} | ||
There are other local cases and labels for local cases as well, but these are the most common, except that the case covering the 'at' function is more commonly called ''locative'', while ''essive'' is used for a case that carries the meaning of a temporary state of being, often equivalent to the English "as a...". | |||
==Source== | ==Source== | ||
*Barry J. Blake, ''Case'', Cambridge : Camb. U. P., 1994 | *Barry J. Blake, ''Case'', Cambridge: Camb. U. P., 1994 | ||
[[Category:Grammar]] | [[Category:Grammar]] | ||
[[Category:Linguistics]] | [[Category:Linguistics]] | ||
Revision as of 12:34, 14 April 2006
The usual labels for local are cases built on the model of the Latin ablātīvus 'ablative' which is made up of the preposition ab 'from' plus a stem lātīvus the root of which is lāt, which is used for the perfect participle of ferō 'I bear'. Other labels are formed by varying the preposition or by combining prepositions with the stem essīvus from esse 'to be'.
| Latin root | Meaning | Case label | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| ad | 'to' | allative | 'to(wards) (the exterior of)' |
| in | 'into' | illative | 'into' |
| ab | 'from' | ablative | 'from (the exterior of)' |
| e(x) | 'out of | elative | 'from (the inside of)' |
| super | 'above' | superlative | 'to the top of' |
| trans | 'through' | translative | 'through' |
| per | 'through' | perlative | 'through, along' |
| essive | 'at (cf. locative)' | ||
| in | 'in' | inessive | 'in(side)' |
| ad | 'to' | adessive | 'at' |
| super | 'above' | superessive | 'above' |
| sub | 'under' | subessive | 'below' |
There are other local cases and labels for local cases as well, but these are the most common, except that the case covering the 'at' function is more commonly called locative, while essive is used for a case that carries the meaning of a temporary state of being, often equivalent to the English "as a...".
Source
- Barry J. Blake, Case, Cambridge: Camb. U. P., 1994
