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| '''Eylastal''' is my language; it's both an artistic and personal constructed language. It is an inflected fusional language with two grammatical genders and
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| It is based on no other language, but it is nonetheless mostly conventional.
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|
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Vowels===
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| {| border=1
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| !Vowel||[[IPA]]
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| |-
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| |a||{{IPA|[a, ə]}}
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| |-
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| |e||{{IPA|[ɛ]}}
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| |-
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| |ê||{{IPA|[eɪ, e]}}
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| |-
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| |i||[i]
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| |-
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| |o||{{IPA|[ɔ]}}
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| |-
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| |ô||{{IPA|[oʊ]}}
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| |-
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| |u||[u]
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| |}
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|
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| * At the end of a word, r can also serve as a vowel.
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| * When two vowels are juxtaposed, o = ô and e = ê. Hence ear [eɪ.ar]
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| * er = [er], not [ɜr]
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|
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| ===Diphthongs===
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| {| border=1
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| !Diphthong||[[IPA]]
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| |-
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| |ay||{{IPA|[aɨ]}}
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| |-
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| |oy||{{IPA|[ɔɪ]}}
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| |-
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| |uy||[uɪ]
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| |-
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| |aw||{{IPA|[aʊ]}}
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| |-
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| |ew||{{IPA|[eʊ]}}
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| |}
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|
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| border=1
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| !Consonant||[[IPA]]
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| |-
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| |b||[b]
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| |-
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| |c||[k]
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| |-
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| |ch||[{{IPA|ʧ}}]
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| |-
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| |d||[d]
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| |-
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| |dh||[ð]
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| |-
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| |f||[f]
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| |-
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| |g||[g]
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| |-
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| |h||[h]
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| |-
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| |k||[x]
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| |-
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| |l||[l]
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| |-
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| |m||[m]
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| |-
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| |n||[n]
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| |-
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| |ng||[ŋ]
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| |-
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| |p||[p]
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| |-
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| |r||[r]
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| |-
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| |s||[s]
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| |-
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| |sh||{{IPA|[ʃ]}}
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| |-
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| |t||[t]
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| |-
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| |th||[θ]
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| |-
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| |v||[v]
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| |-
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| |w||[w]
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| |-
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| |x||[ks]
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| |-
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| |y||[j]
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| |-
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| |z||[z]
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| |}
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| At the end of a word, o is pronounced as ô and e as ê.
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|
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| ===Stress===
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| Stress falls on the first syllable unless there is an accented vowel:
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| * a -> á
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| * e -> é
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| * ê -> è
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| * o -> ò
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| * ô -> ó
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| * u -> ú
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| which, naturally, takes the stress. Also, any diphthong automatically takes the stress, including the "diphthongs" ar, er, ir, or, and ur, unless there is an accent mark, which always overrides it; however, stress cannot fall on the last syllable unless there is an accent written. Thus, "sathay" is pronounced ['saθaɪ] whereas "satháy" is pronounced [saθ'aɪ].
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| ===Syllable rules===
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| Where C represents any consonant above and V any vowel, generally:
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| Word-initially, a syllable may take the form CCVC;
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| Medially, a syllable may take the form CVC;
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| Word-finally, a syllable may take the form CVC.
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| This boils down to a word structure of CCVCCVCCVCCVC, at most. In other words, you can never have more than two consonants next to each other, including liquids.
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|
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| Some exceptions:
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| * After a diphthong, only one consonant is allowed (in effect, the y or w at the end of the diphthong counts as a consonant even though it really isn't one).
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| * If the last consonant is a spirant [s] or [z], the final syllable can take the form CVCs.
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| * When the last consonant is r functioning as a vowel, the cluster can end in CCVCr or even theoretically CCVCsr. For example, "tiryatr" (to the kingdom), "èmatr" (to the animal), "cutsr" (to the cube).
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| When a voiced consonant comes in contact with an unvoiced consonant, the whole consonant cluster becomes voiced. Thus,
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| satha (white) + varósa (clothed) = sadhvarósa (white-clothed)
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| vekti (verb, to think) + ya (3rd person sing. pres. ind.) = vekta
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| Two plosives can never be juxtaposed. When there is a consonant cluster of the form PP (where P is a plosive), it will become FP, where F is the fricative equivalent according to the following rule:
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|
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| * p -> f
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| * b -> v
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| * t -> th
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| * d -> dh
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| * ch -> sh
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| * c -> k
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| * g -> g
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| The resultant is then voiced if necessary; since there is no voiced equivalent of k, it simply disappears.
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| The following clusters will change as follows, where P is any plosive, V any vowel, and F any fricative, N any nasal and P(n) that nasal's plosive equivalent:
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| * PvV -> PwV
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| * PgV -> PyV
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| * kyV -> shV
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| * hyV -> cyV
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| * NN -> P(n)N
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| This transformations are performed before applying the two-consonant rule to reduce clusters. Hence, nelki (to hate) + ya (3rd person singular present) = nelsha
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| ==Grammar==
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| ===Nouns===
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| Eylastali nouns have the following properties:
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| * Two genders: masculine and feminine;
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| * Two numbers: singular and plural. Gender is lost in the plural.
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| * Six cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative, and vocative;
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| * Two "aspects": definite and indefinite;
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| * Two "verities": positive and negative.
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| I can't figure out how to do a fancy table so bear with me here:
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| For the prototypical masculine noun I here use "neldas" (the nose), for the prototypical feminine "etwês" (the star).
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| Not all nouns are regular; many nouns end simply in a consonant rather than the -a or -e gender ending. These words must simply be memorized along with their gender (normally denoted by the nominative pronoun they take, "ga" (masculine) or "e" (feminine)).
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| ====Regular masculine paradigm====
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| * Nominative positive: nelda (a nose), neldas (the nose)
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| * Nominative negative: nelday (not a nose), neldays (not the nose)
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| * Accusative positive: neldo (a nose), neldos (the nose)
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| * Accusative negative: neldoy (not a nose), neldoys (not the nose)
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| * Genitive positive: nelden (a/the nose's)
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| * Genitive negative: neldedmá (not a/the nose's)
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| * Dative positive: neldar (to a/the nose)
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| * Dative negative: neldamá (not to the nose)
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| * Locative positive: neldov (at the nose)
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| * Locative negative: neldoyv (not at the nose)
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| * Vocative positive: neldat (O nose!)
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| * Vocative negative: neldayt (O non-nose!)
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| ====Regular feminine paradigm====
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| * Nominative positive: etwe (a star), etwês (the star)
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| * Nominative negative: etweya (not a star), etwêsmá (not the star)
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| * Accusative positive: etwo (a star), etwôs (the star)
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| * Accusative negative: etwoy (not a star), etwôsmá (not the star)
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| * Genitive positive: etwin (a/the star's)
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| * Genitive negative: etwidmá (not a/the star's)
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| * Dative positive: etwiz (to a/the star)
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| * Dative negative: etwemá (not to the star)
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| * Locative positive: etwon (at the star)
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| * Locative negative: etwoyn (not at the star)
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| * Vocative positive: etwêt (O star!)
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| * Vocative negative: etwêtmá (O non-star!)
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| ====Regular plural paradigm====
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| * Nominative positive: etwi (stars), etwis (the stars)
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| * Nominative negative: etwiya (not stars), etwismá (not the stars)
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| * Accusative positive: etwu (stars), etwus (the stars)
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| * Accusative negative: etwuy (not stars), etwusmá (not the stars)
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| * Genitive positive: etwanir (a/the stars')
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| * Genitive negative: etwadmá (not a/the stars')
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| * Dative positive: etwalir (to a/the stars)
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| * Dative negative: etwalmá (not to the stars)
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| * Locative positive: etwanon (among the stars)
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| * Locative negative: etwanoyn (not among the stars)
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| * Vocative positive: etwit (O stars!)
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| * Vocative negative: etwitmá (O non-stars!)
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| ===Pronouns===
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| I'm going to sleep now
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| ==An unfinished text in Eylastal==
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| Aharo cwi aványir adzelir /
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| swa sewlir sadhalir kay egmov so, /
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| cyat nwa voydhósa laylim ivlir te /
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| ti ecyo aynon sunanon efró. /
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| A sadhar so ek Uren tartebla,/
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| ol èov tiryo Dria egmos sco, /
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| agáhte Uras agadríabla, /
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| ga nelsha glarion ta tiryatôs. /
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| Ga onlo Uras genwon Driathon, /
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| e naryo norov ocyês egmien, /
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| swa onlu fehi engei ton so, /
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| shta edzu asi kay mot áveken, /
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| cha naru prôvilúlis evrulon, /
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| swa genulnon athorin Driathen, /
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| swa'y obnu Fortesmo, ga bliov sa, /
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| cha'y gyaru Driar fi mot zahus men. /
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| Niy aysho adzel Rahas Uzar ko /
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| swa tasco "Urat lei nari sha, /
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| ti trefi bladhi gyatsu athelon, /
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| è semza ga, ta nelki, cetson sa? /
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| Heth twari bladhim athriôs nwa fo /
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| am adri engi adzelis selát; /
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| te bladhu amlen fo el roy swa cwar /
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| swa shtendi vekti; nol anari sha." /
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| Agáhte sfetyo Uras adzelar, /
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| "Shtalá cyatari sha tor athrês men?" /
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| Swa ga côcharya Rahas, "Tiryaví /
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| sca sha aványa Driacétsien!" /
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| Cha tasco Uras, "asi tirim shi, /
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| shtalá nw' acetson si ef chaprien?" /
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