Suomitsuzuri: Difference between revisions
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{{Language| | {{Language| | ||
| English = Suomitsuzuri | | English = Suomitsuzuri | ||
| native = | | native = 芬い綴い | ||
| country = Japan | | country = Japan | ||
| nativecountry = ヤパニ | | nativecountry = ヤパニ | ||
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| width = | | width = | ||
}} | }} | ||
Suomitsuzuri is a made up Japanese orthography for Finnish. | Suomitsuzuri (芬い綴い,すおみつずり゛) is a made up Japanese orthography for Finnish. | ||
== Kana | == Kana == | ||
<div style="text-align: center;"> | <div style="text-align: center;"> | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
The above table displays all the kana that are used in native Finnish words. (The vowel-less d, j, ng and v do not actually appear in Finnish words, but are displayed anyway for ease of reference.)<br><br> | The above table displays all the kana that are used in native Finnish words. (The vowel-less d, j, ng and v do not actually appear in Finnish words, but are displayed anyway for ease of reference.)<br><br> | ||
The word syllabic might be a misleading name, because these characters do not always represent a full syllable. For example the word ''kun'' (when) is monosyllabic, but is written くん; with two characters. The vowel-less consonant characters are often used for coda consonants (consonants at the end of a syllable). But they can also be used in consonant clusters in foreign words. For example stratosfääri (stratosphear) is written <ruby><rb>ス</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> | The word syllabic might be a misleading name, because these characters do not always represent a full syllable. For example the word ''kun'' (when) is monosyllabic, but is written くん; with two characters. The vowel-less consonant characters are often used for coda consonants (consonants at the end of a syllable). But they can also be used in consonant clusters in foreign words. For example stratosfääri (stratosphear) is written <ruby><rb>ス</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby><rb>ト</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ラ゛ト<ruby><rb>ス</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ファェーリ゛ where the consonants s and t are represented by vowel-less consonants.<br><br> | ||
The vowel-less n is used instead of <ruby><rb>む</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>/<ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> before the consonants b, m and p. Examples: | The vowel-less n is used instead of <ruby><rb>む</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>/<ruby><rb>ム</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> before the consonants b, m and p. Examples: ロ゛ンビ ''rombi'' (rhomb), たんみ ''tammi'' (oak), る゛んぷ ''rumpu'' (drum). | ||
<div style="text-align: center;"> | <div style="text-align: center;"> | ||
| Line 94: | Line 94: | ||
| っ || ッ | | っ || ッ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="font-size: 95%;" colspan=2| Consonant | |style="font-size: 95%;" colspan=2| Consonant length | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ー || ～ | | ー || ～ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="font-size: 95%;" colspan=2| Vowel | |style="font-size: 95%;" colspan=2| Vowel length | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
The consonant lengthener (or ''sokuon'') lengthens or geminates the following consonant. So for example ら゛こ reads out as ''rako'' (gap) while ら゛っこ is ''rakko'' (bladder). The sokuon is not used to lengthen m (see above paragraph) or n however. Instead ん/ン is used before a syllabic beginning with m or n. So ''kannu'' (jug) is written かんぬ.<br><br> | The consonant lengthener (or ''sokuon'') lengthens or geminates the following consonant. So for example ら゛こ reads out as ''rako'' (gap) while ら゛っこ is ''rakko'' (bladder). The sokuon is not used to lengthen m (see above paragraph) or n however. Instead ん/ン is used before a syllabic beginning with m or n. So ''kannu'' (jug) is written かんぬ.<br><br> | ||
The vowel lengthener (or ''chōonpu'') lengthens the previous vowel. So for example つ～り reads out as ''tuuli'' (wind). | The vowel lengthener (or ''chōonpu'', nicknamed ''omppu'' (オンップ, apple)) lengthens the previous vowel. So for example つ～り reads out as ''tuuli'' (wind). | ||
<div style="text-align: center;"> | <div style="text-align: center;"> | ||
| Line 161: | Line 161: | ||
The small e (ぇ or ェ) is used for deriving the front vowels y, ä, ö from the back vowels u, a, o. This mimics the fashion in some languages where ä might be replaced by ae and ö by oe in situations where accented letters can't be entered or displayed for some reason.<br><br> | The small e (ぇ or ェ) is used for deriving the front vowels y, ä, ö from the back vowels u, a, o. This mimics the fashion in some languages where ä might be replaced by ae and ö by oe in situations where accented letters can't be entered or displayed for some reason.<br><br> | ||
Just like in Japanese transcription of foreign words, a consonant without a following vowel is transcribed with an u ending syllabic in most cases. But since it is more important in Finnish to distinguish them from actual consonants with a following vowel, they are marked with a bullet above in horizontal writing in Suomitsuzuri. In vertical writing the bullet goes to the right of the character. On computers, horizontal writing is mostly used, because it is difficult to display the bullet correctly in vertical writing. For horizontal writing, the HTML code is <nowiki><ruby><rb>x</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></nowiki>, where x stands for the character that is supposed to be bulleted.<br><br> | Just like in Japanese transcription of foreign words, a consonant without a following vowel is transcribed with an u ending syllabic in most cases. But since it is more important in Finnish to distinguish them from actual consonants with a following vowel, they are marked with a bullet above in horizontal writing in Suomitsuzuri. In vertical writing the bullet goes to the right of the character. On computers, horizontal writing is mostly used, because it is difficult to display the bullet correctly in vertical writing. For horizontal writing, the HTML code is <nowiki><ruby><rb>x</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></nowiki>, where x stands for the character that is supposed to be bulleted.<br><br> | ||
Those vowel-less characters that are not represented by consonant + u are d, h, j, m (in some cases, see [[Suomitsuzuri#Kana tables|above]]), n, t, dž, š, tš, w and ž. | Those vowel-less characters that are not represented by consonant + u are d, h, j, m (in some cases, see [[Suomitsuzuri#Kana tables|above]]), n, t, dž, š, tš, w and ž. This is due to inherited usage from Japanese. | ||
=== Rules of usage === | |||
Hiragana is used for writing native Finnish words and older loan words, as well as Japanese loans that are usually written in hiragana in Japanese orthography. [[Suomitsuzuri#Kanji|Okurigana]] is mostly in hiragana. Names of places in Finland, and places that have belonged to Finland (e.g. [[WP:Vyborg|Viipuri]]) are also written in hiragana.<br> | |||
<br> | |||
Katakana is used for foreign names, newer loan words, slang words, and animal, plant and fungus species. It is also used for writing Swedish names of places in Finland. | |||
== Kanji == | == Kanji == | ||
Kanji characters are used the same way as Japanese uses them for writing native words. In Suomitsuzuri they usually have one Finnish reading, ''fun'yomi'' (芬読み), though a few characters have more than one, and some even have a | Kanji characters, variously pronunced as {{IPA|[kànd͡ʑí]}}, {{IPA|[ˈkɑnd͡ʒi]}}, {{IPA|[ˈkɑntsi]}}, are used the same way as Japanese uses them for writing native words. In Suomitsuzuri they usually have one Finnish reading, ''fun'yomi'' (芬読み), though a few characters have more than one, and some even have a ''kun'yomi'' or ''on'yomi'' reading. Kun'yomi are native Japanese readings, and on'yomi are originally Sinitic readings. The Finnish reading contains the part of a word stem that does not change in any inflected or derived form of the word. There are a few kanji that alone can be used for writing a whole word, but most require ''okurigana'', inflection specifying hiragana, to make a complete word.<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
A character's fun'yomi may contain a syllable that is not allowed by Finnish phonological constraints. The fun'yomi for 買 for example is ''ost-'', which contains a disallowed cluster. The okurigana completes these words, though it may visually appear as if there is a syllable break between the kanji's reading and the okurigana. ''Ostaa'' (to buy) is for example written 買あ～. Because hiragana is syllabary, it may seem as if the word reads as *{{IPA|[ˈost.ɑː]}}, but this is not the case. The correct pronunciation is {{IPA|[ˈos.tɑː]}}. An okurigana may consist of just a single consonant, such as in 車<ruby><rb>と</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, ''autot'' (cars); or even a chōonpu, such as in 国～, ''maa'' (country). | A character's fun'yomi may contain a syllable that is not allowed by Finnish phonological constraints. The fun'yomi for 買 for example is ''ost-'', which contains a disallowed cluster. The okurigana completes these words, though it may visually appear as if there is a syllable break between the kanji's reading and the okurigana. ''Ostaa'' (to buy) is for example written 買あ～. Because hiragana is syllabary, it may seem as if the word reads as *{{IPA|[ˈost.ɑː]}}, but this is not the case. The correct pronunciation is {{IPA|[ˈos.tɑː]}}. An okurigana may consist of just a single consonant, such as in 車<ruby><rb>と</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, ''autot'' (cars); or even a chōonpu, such as in 国～, ''maa'' (country). | ||
Revision as of 10:40, 26 June 2014
| Suomitsuzuri 芬い綴い | |
| Spoken in: | Japan (ヤパニ) |
| Conworld: | Alt-history Earth |
| Total speakers: | |
| Genealogical classification: | (Family)
|
| Basic word order: | |
| Morphological type: | |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | |
| Writing system: | |
| Created by: | |
| Qwynegold | 2011 |
Suomitsuzuri (芬い綴い,すおみつずり゛) is a made up Japanese orthography for Finnish.
Kana
| Finnish syllabics | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. |
| あ | ア | え | エ | い | イ | お | オ | う | ウ | うぇ | ウェ | あぇ | アェ | おぇ | オェ | ||
| a | e | i | o | u | y | ä | ö | ||||||||||
| だ | ダ | で | デ | ぢ | ヂ | ど | ド | づ | ヅ | づぇ | ヅェ | だぇ | ダェ | どぇ | ドェ | ||
| da | de | di | do | du | dy | dä | dö | d | |||||||||
| は | ハ | へ | ヘ | ひ | ヒ | ほ | ホ | ふ | フ | ふぇ | フェ | はぇ | ハェ | ほぇ | ホェ | ||
| ha | he | hi | ho | hu | hy | hä | hö | h | |||||||||
| や | ヤ | いぇ | イェ | いぃ | イィ | よ | ヨ | ゆ | ユ | ゆぇ | ユェ | やぇ | ヤェ | よぇ | ヨェ | い | イ |
| ja | je | ji | jo | ju | jy | jä | jö | j | |||||||||
| か | カ | け | ケ | き | キ | こ | コ | く | ク | くぇ | クェ | かぇ | カェ | こぇ | コェ | ||
| ka | ke | ki | ko | ku | ky | kä | kö | k | |||||||||
| ら | ラ | れ | レ | り | リ | ろ | ロ | る | ル | るぇ | ルェ | らぇ | ラェ | ろぇ | ロェ | ||
| la | le | li | lo | lu | ly | lä | lö | l | |||||||||
| ま | マ | め | メ | み | ミ | も | モ | む | ム | むぇ | ムェ | まぇ | マェ | もぇ | モェ | ||
| ma | me | mi | mo | mu | my | mä | mö | m | |||||||||
| な | ナ | ね | ネ | に | ニ | の | ノ | ぬ | ヌ | ぬぇ | ヌェ | なぇ | ナェ | のぇ | ノェ | ん | ン |
| na | ne | ni | no | nu | ny | nä | nö | n | |||||||||
| んが | ンガ | んげ | ンゲ | んぎ | ンギ | んご | ンゴ | んぐ | ング | んぐぇ | ングェ | んがぇ | ンガェ | んごぇ | ンゴェ | ん |
ン |
| nga | nge | ngi | ngo | ngu | ngy | ngä | ngö | ng | |||||||||
| ぱ | パ | ぺ | ペ | ぴ | ピ | ぽ | ポ | ぷ | プ | ぷぇ | プェ | ぱぇ | パェ | ぽぇ | ポェ | ||
| pa | pe | pi | po | pu | py | pä | pö | p | |||||||||
| ら゛ | ラ゛ | れ゛ | レ゛ | り゛ | リ゛ | ろ゛ | ロ゛ | る゛ | ル゛ | る゛ぇ | ル゛ェ | ら゛ぇ | ラ゛ェ | ろ゛ぇ | ロ゛ェ | ||
| ra | re | ri | ro | ru | ry | rä | rö | r | |||||||||
| さ | サ | せ | セ | し | シ | そ | ソ | す | ス | すぇ | スェ | さぇ | サェ | そぇ | ソェ | ||
| sa | se | si | so | su | sy | sä | sö | s | |||||||||
| た | タ | て | テ | ち | チ | と | ト | つ | ツ | つぇ | ツェ | たぇ | タェ | とぇ | トェ | ||
| ta | te | ti | to | tu | ty | tä | tö | t | |||||||||
| ば | バ | べ | ベ | び | ビ | ぼ | ボ | ぶ | ブ | ぶぇ | ブェ | ばぇ | バェ | ぼぇ | ボェ | ||
| va | ve | vi | vo | vu | vy | vä | vö | v | |||||||||
The above table displays all the kana that are used in native Finnish words. (The vowel-less d, j, ng and v do not actually appear in Finnish words, but are displayed anyway for ease of reference.)
The word syllabic might be a misleading name, because these characters do not always represent a full syllable. For example the word kun (when) is monosyllabic, but is written くん; with two characters. The vowel-less consonant characters are often used for coda consonants (consonants at the end of a syllable). But they can also be used in consonant clusters in foreign words. For example stratosfääri (stratosphear) is written
The vowel-less n is used instead of
| Additional phonetic marks | |
|---|---|
| H. | K. |
| っ | ッ |
| Consonant length | |
| ー | ～ |
| Vowel length | |
The consonant lengthener (or sokuon) lengthens or geminates the following consonant. So for example ら゛こ reads out as rako (gap) while ら゛っこ is rakko (bladder). The sokuon is not used to lengthen m (see above paragraph) or n however. Instead ん/ン is used before a syllabic beginning with m or n. So kannu (jug) is written かんぬ.
The vowel lengthener (or chōonpu, nicknamed omppu (オンップ, apple)) lengthens the previous vowel. So for example つ～り reads out as tuuli (wind).
| Non-Finnish syllabics | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. | H. | K. |
| ば | バ | べ | ベ | び | ビ | ぼ | ボ | ぶ | ブ | ぶぇ | ブェ | ばぇ | バェ | ぼぇ | ボェ | ||
| ba | be | bi | bo | bu | by | bä | bö | b | |||||||||
| づぁ | ヅァ | づぇ | ヅェ | づぃ | ヅィ | づぉ | ヅォ | づ | ヅ | づぅぇ | ヅゥェ | づぁぇ | ヅァェ | づぉぇ | ヅォェ | ||
| dza | dze | dzi | dzo | dzu | dzy | dzä | dzö | dz | |||||||||
| ぢゃ | ヂャ | ぢぇ | ヂェ | ぢ | ヂ | ぢょ | ヂョ | ぢゅ | ヂュ | ぢゅぇ | ヂュェ | ぢゃぇ | ヂャェ | ぢょぇ | ヂョェ | ||
| dža/ja | dže/je | dži/ji | džo/jo | džu/ju | džy/jy | džä/jä | džö/jö | dž/j | |||||||||
| ふぁ | ファ | ふぇ | フェ | ふぃ | フィ | ふぉ | フォ | ふ | フ | ふぅぇ | フゥェ | ふぁぇ | ファェ | ふぉぇ | フォェ | ||
| fa | fe | fi | fo | fu | fy | fä | fö | f | |||||||||
| が | ガ | げ | ゲ | ぎ | ギ | ご | ゴ | ぐ | グ | ぐぇ | グェ | がぇ | ガェ | ごぇ | ゴェ | ||
| ga | ge | gi | go | gu | gy | gä | gö | g | |||||||||
| しゃ | シャ | しぇ | シェ | し | シ | しょ | ショ | しゅ | シュ | しゅぇ | シュェ | しゃぇ | シャェ | しょぇ | ショェ | ||
| ša/sha | še/she | ši/shi | šo/sho | šu/shu | šy/shy | šä/shä | šö/shö | š/sh | |||||||||
| つぁ | ツァ | つぇ | ツェ | つぃ | ツィ | つぉ | ツォ | つ | ツ | つぅぇ | ツゥェ | つぁぇ | ツァェ | つぉぇ | ツォェ | ||
| tsa | tse | tsi | tso | tsu | tsy | tsä | tsö | ts | |||||||||
| ちゃ | チャ | ちぇ | チェ | ち | チ | ちょ | チョ | ちゅ | チュ | ちゅぇ | チュェ | ちゃぇ | チャェ | ちょぇ | チョェ | ||
| tša/cha | tše/che | tši/chi | tšo/cho | tšu/chu | tšy/chy | tšä/chä | tšö/chö | tš/ch | |||||||||
| うぁ | ウァ | うぇ | ウェ | うぃ | ウィ | うぉ | ウォ | うぅ | ウゥ | うぅぇ | ウゥェ | うぁぇ | ウァェ | うぉぇ | ウォェ | う | ウ |
| wa | we | wi | wo | wu | wy | wä | wö | w | |||||||||
| ざ | ザ | ぜ | ゼ | じ | ジ | ぞ | ゾ | ず | ズ | ずぇ | ズェ | ざぇ | ザェ | ぞぇ | ゾェ | ||
| za | ze | zi | zo | zu | zy | zä | zö | z | |||||||||
| じゃ | ジャ | じぇ | ジェ | じ | ジ | じょ | ジョ | じゅ | ジュ | じゅぇ | ジュェ | じゃぇ | ジャェ | じょぇ | ジョェ | ||
| ža | že | ži | žo | žu | žy | žä | žö | ž | |||||||||
Dz is used for /dz/, dž or j for /dʒ/ or /dʑ/, ts for /ts/, tš or ch for /tʃ/ or /tɕ/ and ž for /ʒ/. Other foreign sounds are transcribed with characters whose sounds are the closest to that sound, for example /β/ is transcribed with v, /ð/ with z, /ʂ/ with š, and so on. /ʔ/ is transcribed with the sokuon.
Design principles
The small e (ぇ or ェ) is used for deriving the front vowels y, ä, ö from the back vowels u, a, o. This mimics the fashion in some languages where ä might be replaced by ae and ö by oe in situations where accented letters can't be entered or displayed for some reason.
Just like in Japanese transcription of foreign words, a consonant without a following vowel is transcribed with an u ending syllabic in most cases. But since it is more important in Finnish to distinguish them from actual consonants with a following vowel, they are marked with a bullet above in horizontal writing in Suomitsuzuri. In vertical writing the bullet goes to the right of the character. On computers, horizontal writing is mostly used, because it is difficult to display the bullet correctly in vertical writing. For horizontal writing, the HTML code is <ruby><rb>x</rb><rp>(</rp><rt>•</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>, where x stands for the character that is supposed to be bulleted.
Those vowel-less characters that are not represented by consonant + u are d, h, j, m (in some cases, see above), n, t, dž, š, tš, w and ž. This is due to inherited usage from Japanese.
Rules of usage
Hiragana is used for writing native Finnish words and older loan words, as well as Japanese loans that are usually written in hiragana in Japanese orthography. Okurigana is mostly in hiragana. Names of places in Finland, and places that have belonged to Finland (e.g. Viipuri) are also written in hiragana.
Katakana is used for foreign names, newer loan words, slang words, and animal, plant and fungus species. It is also used for writing Swedish names of places in Finland.
Kanji
Kanji characters, variously pronunced as [kànd͡ʑí], [ˈkɑnd͡ʒi], [ˈkɑntsi], are used the same way as Japanese uses them for writing native words. In Suomitsuzuri they usually have one Finnish reading, fun'yomi (芬読み), though a few characters have more than one, and some even have a kun'yomi or on'yomi reading. Kun'yomi are native Japanese readings, and on'yomi are originally Sinitic readings. The Finnish reading contains the part of a word stem that does not change in any inflected or derived form of the word. There are a few kanji that alone can be used for writing a whole word, but most require okurigana, inflection specifying hiragana, to make a complete word.
A character's fun'yomi may contain a syllable that is not allowed by Finnish phonological constraints. The fun'yomi for 買 for example is ost-, which contains a disallowed cluster. The okurigana completes these words, though it may visually appear as if there is a syllable break between the kanji's reading and the okurigana. Ostaa (to buy) is for example written 買あ～. Because hiragana is syllabary, it may seem as if the word reads as *[ˈost.ɑː], but this is not the case. The correct pronunciation is [ˈos.tɑː]. An okurigana may consist of just a single consonant, such as in 車
Peruskanjit
- Main article: Peruskanjit
Peruskanjit (基漢字
Yleiskanjit
- Main article: Yleiskanjit
Yleiskanjit (常
Viralliset lisäkanjit
- Main article: Viralliset lisäkanjit
Viralliset lisäkanjit (職あっり小え
