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ʾAšdu Yat-Vṛḵaž: Difference between revisions

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Line 13: Line 13:
| wind
| wind
| '''ʾ''' [ʔ]
| '''ʾ''' [ʔ]
|-
|-
| [[File:Khav.PNG|30px|Ḵav]]
| [[File:Khav.PNG|30px|Ḵav]]
Line 18: Line 19:
| human
| human
| '''ḵ''' [x]
| '''ḵ''' [x]
|-
|-
| [[File:Vav.PNG|29px|Vav]]
| [[File:Vav.PNG|29px|Vav]]
Line 23: Line 25:
| cane
| cane
| '''v''' [β]
| '''v''' [β]
|-
|-
| [[File:Hith.PNG|30px|Hīt]]
| [[File:Hith.PNG|30px|Hīt]]
Line 28: Line 31:
| lock
| lock
| '''h''' [h]
| '''h''' [h]
|-
|-
| [[File:Dat.PNG|30px|Dat]]
| [[File:Dat.PNG|30px|Dat]]
Line 33: Line 37:
| skull
| skull
| '''d''' [d]
| '''d''' [d]
|-
|-
| [[File:Tsim.PNG|30px|Ḏīm]]
| [[File:Tsim.PNG|30px|Ḏīm]]
Line 38: Line 43:
| fruit (also blood)
| fruit (also blood)
| '''ḏ''' [t͡s]
| '''ḏ''' [t͡s]
|-
|-
| [[File:Bal.PNG|30px|Bal]]
| [[File:Bal.PNG|30px|Bal]]
Line 43: Line 49:
| path
| path
| '''b''' [b]
| '''b''' [b]
|-
|-
| [[File:Sum.PNG|30px|Sūm]]
| [[File:Sum.PNG|30px|Sūm]]
Line 48: Line 55:
| tunnel
| tunnel
| '''s''' [s]
| '''s''' [s]
|-
|-
| [[File:Zhat.PNG|30px|Ẕat]]
| [[File:Zhat.PNG|30px|Ẕat]]
Line 53: Line 61:
| helmet (also child)
| helmet (also child)
| '''ẕ''' [ʒ~ʑ]
| '''ẕ''' [ʒ~ʑ]
|-
|-
| [[File:Yav.PNG|30px|Yav]]
| [[File:Yav.PNG|30px|Yav]]
Line 58: Line 67:
| scythe
| scythe
| '''y''' [j]
| '''y''' [j]
|-
| [[File:Ka.PNG|30px|Ka]]
| Ka
| water
| '''k''' [k]
|-
| [[File:Ge.PNG|30px|Gē]]
| Gē
| wing
| '''g''' [g]
|-
| [[File:Lam.PNG|30px|Lam]]
| Lam
| hand
| '''l''' [l]
|-
| [[File:Ma.PNG|30px|Maʾ]]
| Maʾ
| bowl or cup
| '''m''' [m]
|-
| [[File:Nesh.PNG|30px|Neš]]
| Neš
| peace
| '''n''' [n]
|-
| [[File:Ghaym.PNG|30px|Ǧaẏm]]
| Ǧaẏm
| name
| '''ǧ''' [ɣ]
|-
| [[File:Pak.PNG|30px|Pak]]
| Pak
| head
| '''p''' [p]
|}
|}


Revision as of 19:32, 8 June 2014

Vrkhazhian (YŠDD YT-VṚḴẔKM, Yašdod Yat-Vṛḵaẕīkam) is a Northern Hašakaṃ language that was spoken in the region known as Anrqhal. The earliest form of this language, known as Ancient Vrkhazhi, was spoken around 10 000 years ago.

History

Writing System

Letter Name Meaning Phoneme
ʾAl ʾAl wind ʾ [ʔ]
Ḵav Ḵav human ḵ [x]
Vav Vav cane v [β]
Hīt Hīt lock h [h]
Dat Dat skull d [d]
Ḏīm Ḏīm fruit (also blood) ḏ [t͡s]
Bal Bal path b [b]
Sūm Sūm tunnel s [s]
Ẕat Ẕat helmet (also child) ẕ [ʒ~ʑ]
Yav Yav scythe y [j]
Ka Ka water k [k]
Gē Gē wing g [g]
Lam Lam hand l [l]
Maʾ Maʾ bowl or cup m [m]
Neš Neš peace n [n]
Ǧaẏm Ǧaẏm name ǧ [ɣ]
Pak Pak head p [p]

Phonetics and phonology

Consonants

Vrkhazhian Consonantal Phonemes
Bilabial Alveolar (Alveolo)-

Palatal

Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal Light hn [ʰn~n̥]
Plain m [m] n [n] ṉ [ɴ]
Stop Light hp [ʰp] ht [ʰt] hk [ʰk] hq [ʰq]
Plain p [p] b [b] t [t] d [d] k [k] g [g] q [q] ʾ [ʔ]
Dark ṗ [pʶ~pˤ] ḅ [bʶ~bˤ] ṭ [tʶ~tˤ] ḍ [dʶ~dˤ]
Affricate ḏ [ʦ] č [ʧ~ʨ] j [ʤ~ʥ]
Fricative Plain f [ɸ] v [β] s [s] z [z] š [ʃ~ɕ] ẕ [ʒ~ʑ] ḵ [x] ğ [ɣ] ḫ [χ~ħ] h [h]
Dark ṣ [sʶ~sˤ] ẓ [zʶ~zˤ]
Approximant Light hr [ʰɹ~ʰɾ~ɹ̥̥]
Plain r [ɹ~ɾ] y [j] w [w]
Trill rr [r] ṟ [ʀ]
Lateral Approximant Light hl [ʰl~l̥]
Plain l [l]
Dark ḷ [lʶ~lˤ]
Lateral Fricative ḻ [ɬ~ɬʲ]

Vowels

Vrkhazhian Vowel Phonemes
Front Central Back
Close ī [i] i [ɨ] ū [u]
Close-mid ē [e] ō [o]
Mid u [ə]
Open-mid e [ɛ] o [ɔ]
Open a [a]
Vrkhazhian Diphthongs
IPA Letter Example
Dipthongs
ae̯ aẏ like eye
oe̯ oẏ like boy
ao̯ aẇ like cow

Stress

Stress in Vrkhazhian is generally placed on the last or second-to-last syllable.

Grammar

Morphology

Nominative morphology

Vebal morphology

Verb stems

Pronouns

Conjunctions

Syntax

Vocabulary

Example text

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