ʾAšdu Yat-Vṛḵaž

Vrkhazhi (YŠKK YT-VṚḴẔKM Yaškik Yat-Vṛḵaẕīkam) is a Northern Hašakaṃ language of the Athimošiye language family. The earliest form of this language, Ancient Vrkhazhi was spoken around 10 000 years ago.

Phonology

Vowels

Normal Vowel Phonemes

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Close-mid	e		o
Mid		ə
Open-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Open	a

Orthography of Vowel Phonemes

IPA	Letter	Example
Monopthongs
a	a	bra,father, cot, bad
ɛ	e	bet
e	ē	bay, face
ɔ	o	or, for, cot
o	ō	road
ə	u	under
u	ū	zoo
ɨ	i	roses
i	ī	bee
Dipthongs
ae̯	aẏ	like eye
oe̯	oẏ	like boy
ao̯	aẇ	like cow

Followed by an R...

IPA	letters	Example
iər	ir	ear, fear
eər	er	air, fair
ɔər	or	for, pour
aər	ar	far, car

Consonants

Consonant Phonemes

		Bilabial	Alveolar	(Alveolo)- Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	Light		hn [ʰn]
	Plain	m [m]	n [n]			ṉ [ɴ]
Stop	Light	hp [ʰp]	ht [ʰt]		hk [ʰk]	hq [ʰq]
	Plain	p [p] b [b]	t [t] d [d]		k [k] g [g]	q [q]	ʾ [ʔ]
	Dark	ṗ [pʶ~pˤ] ḅ [bʶ~bˤ]	ṭ [tʶ~tˤ] ḍ [dʶ~dˤ]
Affricate			ḏ [ʦ]	č [ʧ~ʨ] j [ʤ~ʥ]
Fricative	Plain	f [ɸ] v [β]	s [s] z [z]	š [ʃ~ɕ] ẕ [ʒ~ʑ]	ḵ [x] ğ [ɣ]	ḫ [χ~ħ]	h [h]
	Dark	ḟ [ɸʶ~ɸˤ] ṿ [βʶ~βˤ]	ṣ [sʶ~sˤ] ẓ [zʶ~zˤ]
Approximant	Light		hr [ʰɹ~ʰɾ]
	Plain		r [ɹ~ɾ]	y [j]	w [w]
Trill			rr [r]			ṟ [ʀ]
Lateral Approximant	Light		hl [ʰl]
	Plain		l [l]
	Dark		ḷ [lʶ~lˤ]
Lateral Fricative			ḻ [ɬ~ɬʲ]

Orthography of Consonant Phonemes

Letter	Phoneme	Example (in English)
ʾ	ʔ	uh-oh
Ḵ ḵ	x	Scottish loch
V v	β	vet
H h	h	hall
D d	d	dog
Ḏ ḏ	ʦ	beds or bets
B b	b	ball
S s	s	sun
Ẕ ẕ	ʒ	pleasure
Y y	j	yes
K k	k	kick
G g	g	game
L l	l	lose
M m	m	mall
N n	n	no
Ğ ğ	ɣ	like /x/ but voiced
P p	p	ball
J j	ʤ	judge
R r	ɹ~ɾ	run
Rr rr	r	trilled /ɹ/
F f	ɸ	fun
Š š	ʃ	shun
W w	w	water
T t	t	tall
Č č	ʧ	cheese
Z z	z	zoo
Ḻ ḻ	ɬ	no English equivalent
Ḫ ḫ	χ	no English equivalent
Q q	q	no English equivalent
Ṟ ṟ	ʀ	French trois
Ṉ ṉ	ɴ	no English equivalent
Ṛ ṛ	r̩~ɹ̩	ladder