Proto-Uralic/N: Difference between revisions
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! *-ŋ- | ! *-ŋ- | ||
| *aŋₓa- "to open", *čaŋ₁a- "to hit", *müŋ₁ä "behind" <!--FP *keŋäč "warm season"; SU #tuŋwa "kernel". **šeŋä "good" = parallel loans from II *śiwa--> | | *aŋₓa- "to open", *čaŋ₁a- "to hit", *müŋ₁ä "behind" <!--FP *keŋäč "warm season"; SU #tuŋwa "kernel". **šeŋä "good" = parallel loans from II *śiwa--> | ||
| * | | *jäŋ₁ə "ice", *kaŋ₁ərə "bow", *loŋ₁ə- "to throw", *piŋ₁ə "tooth", *päŋₓə "head", *püŋ₁ə "hazelhen", *säŋ₁ə "air", *šiŋ₁ərə "mouse", *wiŋ₁ə "end"<br/> | ||
<hr>*o(w?)ŋ₂ə "mouth", *kuŋ₂ə "moon", *peŋ₂ərä "wheel", *po(w?)ŋ₂ə "breast", *soŋ₂ə- "to come in", *soŋ₂ə- "to wish", *suŋ₂ə "summer", *śiŋ₂ə "corner", *šoŋₓə "ghost", *tüŋ₂ə "base"<!--FP *riŋəšə "threshing floor", *säŋə "thread", *toŋwə- "to patch"--> | |||
| *ĺäŋ₁ɜsɜ "vessel", #wiŋ₂ü "son-in-law"<!--#aŋɜ "duck, *lEŋɜ "very", #pIŋɜ "palm", #seŋɜ- "to comb", #šAŋɜ- "to want", #tEŋɜ "muzzle"; CEU #oŋɜlɜ chin", *äŋₓɜ "chin", *(j)äŋɜ- "to burn", *ćɜŋɜ "finger", *čüŋɜ "smoke", #daŋɜ- "to swell", *näŋ₁ɜ "larch", *śäKɜ "hair", *wAŋɜ- "to hit"; SU #Äŋₓɜćɜ "raspberry"--> | | *ĺäŋ₁ɜsɜ "vessel", #wiŋ₂ü "son-in-law"<!--#aŋɜ "duck, *lEŋɜ "very", #pIŋɜ "palm", #seŋɜ- "to comb", #šAŋɜ- "to want", #tEŋɜ "muzzle"; CEU #oŋɜlɜ chin", *äŋₓɜ "chin", *(j)äŋɜ- "to burn", *ćɜŋɜ "finger", *čüŋɜ "smoke", #daŋɜ- "to swell", *näŋ₁ɜ "larch", *śäKɜ "hair", *wAŋɜ- "to hit"; SU #Äŋₓɜćɜ "raspberry"--> | ||
| 3 : 19 ≈ | | 3 : 19 ≈ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! *-mp- | ! *-mp- | ||
| *kompa "wave"<!--FP *sompa "stick" ← IE--> | | *kompa "wave"<!--FP *sompa ~ *sampə "stick" ← IE--> | ||
| *lämpə "warm"<!--FP *umpə "closed" ← IE--> | | *lämpə "warm"<!--FP *umpə "closed" ← IE--> | ||
| *ćumpɜ "vessel", *lëmpɜ "bog"<!--FP *ampɜ- "to shoot"; CEU *lämpɜ- "to fly"; EU *lëmpɜ "blade"; Ug *Emp "dog"--> | | *ćumpɜ "vessel", *lëmpɜ "bog"<!--FP *ampɜ- "to shoot"; CEU *lämpɜ- "to fly"; EU *lëmpɜ "blade"; Ug *Emp "dog"--> | ||
Revision as of 01:19, 3 May 2014
| A-stems | ə-stems | Unclear | Ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *-m- | *čama "direct", *emä "mother", *jama- "be sick", *kama "peel", *kuma "turned", *kämä "hard", *ĺümä "glue", *ńo(xə)ma- "hare", *oma "old", *śuma "cap" | *(ń)imə- "suck", *jëmə "gruel" (?), *komɜ "hollow" (?) *lumə "snow", *lämə "broth", *ĺëmə "bird cherry", *nimə "name", *śëmə "scales" | *amɜ- "to scoop", *imɜ "grandmother", *ku(xə)mɜ "snow", *kumɜ "cloud", *śomɜ "sorrow" | 9+1 : 6+2 ≈ 1.5 |
| *-n- | *enä "big", *ëna "mother-in-law", *ona "short", #kana "armpit", *mana- "to say" (?), *muna "egg", *puna "hair", *puna- "to plait", #śEnä "mushroom", *śona "sleigh" (?), *tana "birch bark" | *änə "sound", *kanə- "to carry" *menə- "to go", *monə "many", *panə- "to put", *sënə "vein", *śinə "coal", *tonə- "to know", *wenə- "to stretch" | *konɜ "on back", #mEnɜ "curve", *mänɜ- "to get free" | 9+2 : 9 ≈ 1 |
| *-ń- | *ańa "older F relat", *kuńa- "to blink", *küńä "elbow", *leńä "soft", *mińä "daughter-in-law", *pańa- "to press" | *ëńə "tame", *peńə "spoon", *puńə- "to twist" | *mińɜ "sky" | 6 : 3 ≈ 2 |
| *-ŋ- | *aŋₓa- "to open", *čaŋ₁a- "to hit", *müŋ₁ä "behind" | *jäŋ₁ə "ice", *kaŋ₁ərə "bow", *loŋ₁ə- "to throw", *piŋ₁ə "tooth", *päŋₓə "head", *püŋ₁ə "hazelhen", *säŋ₁ə "air", *šiŋ₁ərə "mouse", *wiŋ₁ə "end" *o(w?)ŋ₂ə "mouth", *kuŋ₂ə "moon", *peŋ₂ərä "wheel", *po(w?)ŋ₂ə "breast", *soŋ₂ə- "to come in", *soŋ₂ə- "to wish", *suŋ₂ə "summer", *śiŋ₂ə "corner", *šoŋₓə "ghost", *tüŋ₂ə "base" |
*ĺäŋ₁ɜsɜ "vessel", #wiŋ₂ü "son-in-law" | 3 : 19 ≈ |
| *-mp- | *kompa "wave" | *lämpə "warm" | *ćumpɜ "vessel", *lëmpɜ "bog" | 1 : 1 ≈ 1 |
| *-mt- | *ëmta- "to give", *lëmta "land" | *omtə "hollow", *kumtə "wide", *tumtə- "to feel" | - | 2 : 3 ≈ 0.7 |
| *-nt- | *kan-ta- "to carry", *käntä "edge" (?), *kënta "tree stump", *konta "cold", *konta "group", *lunta "goose", *mentä- "to miss", *pEntä "cover" | *jäntə "string" | - | 7+1 : 1 ≈ 7 |
| *-nč- | ||||
| *-nś- | *onśa "part", *śinśä "breast" | *kunśə "urine" (= *kunśə "ant"?), *lanśə "soft", *sVnśə- "to stand" | - | 2 : 3+1 ≈ 0.7 |
| *-ŋk- | *ćüŋkä "hill", *jäŋkä "swamp", *paŋka "handle", *pëŋka "mushroom", *puŋka "tuber", *śaŋka- "to sting", *šoŋka "old" | *ćaŋkə "lump", *čeŋkə "breath, steam", *këŋkə- "to climb", *woŋkə "hole" | *mAŋkɜ "body", *śäŋkɜ- "to break" (or plain *-ŋ-?) |
- äjmä "needle"
- ajŋə "brain", *wajŋə "soul"
