Novbasa: Difference between revisions
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:''patro''/''matra'' - father/mother | :''patro''/''matra'' - father/mother | ||
:''bratro''/''sestra'' - brother/sister | :''bratro''/''sestra'' - brother/sister | ||
===Adjectives=== | |||
Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to. | |||
:''un '''hwan''' dom'' - a '''yellow''' house | |||
:''al '''xao kal''' kat'' - the '''small black''' cat | |||
===Adverbs=== | |||
Adverbs may be identified by adding ''-di'' to an adjective. For example: ''garm'' (warm) -> ''garm-di'' (warmly). The particle is pronunced separately from the root, whose pronunciation is left unchanged. |
Revision as of 03:20, 30 January 2014
Ardlang (/aɾd.laŋg/) is a constructed worldlang created by Elia Ansaloni in 2013. Its main features are a regular phonetic inventory, a strict Subject-Verb-Object sentence order and a vocabulary that aims to defy Eurocentrism without renouncing to widely known translations. While its main inspiration is Lingwa de Planeta, Ardlang has some traits in common with Sambahsa, like the use of proto-languages and a rather wide vocabulary base.
The main linguistic influences of Ardlang are Indo-European languages, Mandarin Chinese (from which most of the isolating grammar is derived) and Arabic, but its a posteriori vocabulary is built considering many other languages, including Austronesian languages, Altaic languages, Swahili, Basque and Nahuatl. This approach is remarked by Ardlang's motto Ab hol dunya, pro hol dunya (From the whole world, for the whole world).
As of 2014, no dictionary of Ardlang has been released, but some translations and lexicon are available on the Unilang forum and on Tumblr.
Phonology and Orthography
Ardlang can be written using both the Latin and the Cyrillic alphabet.
Latin | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyrillic | а | б | ц | д | е | ф | г | х | и | ж | к | л | м | н | о | п | ч | р | с | т | у | в | ў | ш | й | з |
IPA | ä | b | ʦ/ʣ | d | е/ɛ | f | g | h/x | i | ʒ/ʤ | k | l | m | n/ŋ | о/ɔ | p | ʧ | ɾ/r | s | t | u | v | w | ʃ | j | z |
Some letters can be pronounced in two different ways in order to make the pronunciation easier to the majority of speakers. For example, a Russian or a French speaker would find more natural to pronunce j as /ʒ/, while an English or an Hindi one would rather choose /ʤ/. Both are equally valid and mutually interchangeable. It should be noticed that ng is always pronounced as /ŋg/ and not as /ŋ/ (as it would be in English or Indonesian). N is pronunced as /ŋ/ before velar plosives.
Morphology
Generally, the only way to identify a word as a noun, adjective or verb is the context and the position in the phrase. For example, tuk may stand for "poison", "poisonous" or "to poison".
Articles
There are two determinative articles: al (singular) and li (plural). There is only one indeterminative article: un, which is only singular. Articles are required when it's necessary to clear the status of a noun as singular or plural, or when the noun can't be immediately identified in the phrase.
Nouns
Nouns in Ardlang are static; they do not change for number or case. Some nouns have a masculine and a feminine form that can be obtained by adding o or a to the root.
- bin - son or daughter (gender not specified)
- bino - son
- bina - daughter
However, a noun ending in o or a doesn't necessarily have a specified gender.
- kiba - fang
- feno - appearance
Few nouns have two different versions.
- patro/matra - father/mother
- bratro/sestra - brother/sister
Adjectives
Adjectives always precede the noun they're related to.
- un hwan dom - a yellow house
- al xao kal kat - the small black cat
Adverbs
Adverbs may be identified by adding -di to an adjective. For example: garm (warm) -> garm-di (warmly). The particle is pronunced separately from the root, whose pronunciation is left unchanged.