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| ==a== | | ==a== |
| *'''aaś''' /æːʃ/ ''n.'' The letter a. — Old English ''æsc'', ash (see aś, below). Long vowel is common to all letter names.
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| *'''abawƿ''' /ˈæbæʊw/ ''n.'' Apple. — Either Old English ''æppel'' or Welsh ''afal''. Influence of both is likely.
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| *'''ac''' /æk/ ''p.'' ''dial.'' I. — Variant of ''ec'', q.v.
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| *'''-an''' /æn/ ''f.'' Marks the infinitive of verbs. — Irregular derivation of Old English ''-an''.
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| *'''aŋywƿ''' /ˈæŋəʊw/ ''n.'' Angel; saintly person. — Old English ''ængel'', variant of ''engel'', angel.
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| *'''asće''' /ˈæsxə/ ''n.'' Ash (dust formed from burning). — Old English ''æsce'', ashes.
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| *'''aś''' /æʃ/ ''n.'' Ash tree; pole or pole-arm. — Old English ''æsc'', ash.
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| ==á== | | ==á== |
| *'''ánei''' /ˈaːnɛɪ/ ''a.'' Any. — Old English ''ǽnig'', ''ǽneg'', any.
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| ==b== | | ==b== |
| *'''bycwynan''' /bəˈkʊənæn/ ''v.'' ''colloq.'' To teach. — Affixation of ''by-'', a causative, to ''cwynan'', q.v. Normal verb of teaching is ''ceinan''.
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| *'''bycwynár''' /bəˈkʊənar/ ''n.'' ''colloq.'' A teacher.
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| *'''bywć''' /bəʊx/ ''n.'' Cow. — Welsh ''buwch'', cow.
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| ==c== | | ==c== |
| *'''cawðan''' /ˈkæʊðæn/ ''v.'' To be famous. — Either Old English ''cúð'', known, or Kythish ''cwynan'', q.v. Not found in Middle Hacean.
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| *'''cawðár''' /ˈkæʊðar/ ''n.'' Celebrity.
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| *'''ceinan''' /ˈkɛɪnæn/ ''v.'' To teach. — Old English ''cennan'', causative of ''cunnan'', to know.
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| *'''ceináiþ''' /ˈkɛɪnaɪθ/ ''n.'' Education.
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| *'''ceinár''' /ˈkɛɪnar/ ''n.'' Teacher.
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| *'''ceine''' /ˈkɛɪnə/ ''n.'' Lesson.
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| *'''ceinlýs''' /ˈkɛɪnlɜs/ ''a.'' Uneducated. — Literally "lessonless", from ''ceine'' and the suffix ''-lýs''.
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| *'''ceinon''' /ˈkɛɪnɔn/ ''n.'' Student.
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| *'''coo''' /kɔː/ ''n.'' Cat. — Old English ''cat''.
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| *'''coostopan''' /ˌkɔːˈstɔpæn/ ''v.'' To tip-toe, to creep. — Literally "cat-step", compound of ''coo'', cat, and ''stopan'', to walk, q.v.
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| *'''coostopár''' /ˌkɔːˈstɔpar/ ''n.'' One who creeps, or a creeper (plant).
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| *'''coostopyrár''' /ˌkɔːˈstɔpərar/ ''n.'' A spy or cat-burgler. — Frequentative of ''coostopár'', with suitably magnified meaning.
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| *'''cwynan''' /ˈkʊənæn/ ''irreg.'' ''v.'' To know. — Old English ''cunnan''
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| ::{| style="text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| ! 1st Person
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| ! Present
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| ! Past
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| |-
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| ! Imperfective
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| | cwyn
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| | cawð
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| |-
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| ! Perfective
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| | cwynaf
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| | cawðaf
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| |-
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| ! 2nd Person
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| ! Present
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| ! Past
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| |-
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| ! Imperfective
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| | cwyns
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| | cawþs
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| |-
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| ! Perfective
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| | cwynas
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| | cawðas
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| |-
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| ! 3rd Person
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| ! Present
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| ! Past
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| |-
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| ! Imperfective
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| | cwynþ
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| | cawþ
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| |-
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| ! Perfective
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| | cwynaþ
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| | cawðaþ
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| |}
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| *'''cwynáiþ''' /ˈkʊənaɪθ/ ''n.'' Knowledge. — From the verb.
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| *'''cwyne''' /ˈkʊənə/ ''n.'' Something known; a piece of information. — From the verb.
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| *'''cwynyran''' /ˈkʊənəræn/ ''v.'' To be knowledgeable. — Frequentative of ''cwynan''.
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| *'''cwynyrár''' /ˈkʊənərar/ ''n.'' A sage.
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| ==ć== | | ==ć== |
| *'''ćjaap''' /xjæːp/ ''n.'' A lean or worthless sheep, specifically one from a highland area; humorously, a goat. — Originally a dialectal variation of ''sćjowp'', sheep, presumably from around the banoǵacei region.
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| ==d== | | ==d== |
| *'''duźe''' /ˈdʌʒə/ ''n.'' Pet dog, or broadly, any pet. — Old English ''docga'', dog.
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| *'''dẃdan''' /ˈduːdæn/ ''v.'' To delay, to deceive. — Old English ''dydrian'', to lead hither and thither.
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| *'''dwnrainyn''' /dʊnˈræɪnən/ ''i.'' It's raining (down). — From ''dwn-'', down, and ''rainyn'', continuative of ''rainan'', q.v.
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| *'''dẃdár''' /ˈduːdar/ ''n.'' A delayer, a deceiver; One who obstructs.
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| *'''dẃde''' /ˈduːdə/ ''n.'' A delay. — From the verb.
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| *'''dẃiráin''' /duɪˈraɪn/ ''n.'' ''colloq.'' A downpour. — Nordaþ ''dyrain'', itself a borrowing of Kythish ''dwnrainyn'', q.v. Nordaþ territory is significantly wetter than much of the Kythe, so their rain is a Kythishman's torrent.
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| *'''dẃiráinan''' /duɪˈraɪnæn/ ''v.'' ''colloq.'' To pour with rain. — From the noun.
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| ==ð== | | ==ð== |
| *'''ða''' /ðæ/ ''p.'' Thou. — Old English ''ðú''. A better form is ''ðaw'', q.v.
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| *'''ðaa''' /ðæː/ ''c.'' That. — Old English ''ðæt'', neuter singular of ''ðe'' or ''se'', the.
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| *'''ðaðar''' /ˈðæðær/ ''p.'' That (inanimate object or concept). — Middle Hacean ''ðaa ðar'', that there; see ''ðaa'' and ''ðar''. The animate equivalent is ''sei''.
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| *'''ðahair''' /ˈðæhæɪr/ ''p.'' This (inanimate object or concept). — Middle Hacean ''ðaa heer'', that here; see ''ðaa'' and ''hair''. The animate equivalent is ''ðeis''.
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| *'''ðajun''' /ˈðæjʌn/ ''p.'' Yon (inanimate object or concept). — Middle Hacean ''ðaa giun'', that yonder; see ''ðaa'' and ''jun''. The animate equivalent is ''seijun''.
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| *'''ðar''' /ðær/ ''a.'' There. — Old English ''ðær''.
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| *'''ðaw''' /ðæʊ/ ''p.'' ''dial.'' Thou. — A large number of rural dialects retain this instead of the standard ''ða'', where the final -w was lost for unknown reasons.
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| *'''ðeis''' /ðɛɪs/ ''p.'' This (animate object). — Old English ''ðes'', this. The inanimate equivalent is ''ðahair''.
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| ==e== | | ==e== |
| *'''ec''' /ɛk/ ''p.'' I. — Old English ''ic''. In metropolitan hácei and þýcod, ''ac'' is also commonly used.
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| ==é== | | ==é== |
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| ==f== | | ==f== |
| *'''fjúþ''' /fjɑːθ/ ''n.'' Hate. — Nordaþ ''fjaþ'', hate. Largely replaced native ''caes'', q.v.
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| *'''fjúþan''' /ˈfjɑːθæn/ ''v.'' To hate. — As above. Largely replaced native ''caesan'', ''hotan'', q.v.
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| *'''fjúþár''' /ˈfjɑːθar/ ''n.'' Hater.
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| *'''fjúþon''' /ˈfjɑːθɔn/ ''n.'' Subject of hate.
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| *'''fjúþyrár''' /ˈfjɑːθərar/ ''n.'' Enemy, esp. political. — Political rhetoric, lit. "habitual hater". See also ''fjýþyrar''.
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| *'''fjúþyron''' /ˈfjɑːθərɔn/ ''n.'' Victim, as of hate crimes. — Political rhetoric.
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| *'''fjúþyronan''' /fjɑˈθərɔnæn/ ''v.'' To victimise. — Not commonly used outside of political correctness camps, where it originates.
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| *'''fjýþyrar''' /ˈfjɜːθərar/ ''n.'' Humorously, any leftist. — Representation of the pronunciation of ''fjúþyrár'' by teofan schjómocar (who spoke with a caźowm accent, a southern dialect), a right-wing politician famed for accusing anyone he disliked of being an 'enemy of the Kythe'.
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| ==g== | | ==g== |
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| ==ǵ== | | ==ǵ== |
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| ==h== | | ==h== |
| *'''hai''' /hæɪ/ ''p.'' He; she. — Old English ''hé'', he. Kythish has lost the distinction between masculine and feminine that English has, and gained a much more pronounced distinction between animate and inanimate, see ''hee''. Though largely obsolete, one may also find ''hjó'' in highly 'backward' dialects.
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| *'''hair''' /hæɪr/ ''a.'' Here. — Old English ''hér''.
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| *'''hee''' /hɛː/ ''p.'' It. — Old English ''hit'', neuter of ''hé'', see ''hai''.
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| *'''hjó''' /hjoː/ ''p.'' ''obs.''/''dial.'' She. — Old English ''heó'', feminine of ''hé'', see ''hai''.
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| *'''hwnd''' /hʊnd/ ''n.'' Hound, dog. — Old English ''hund'', hound.
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| *'''hwndan''' /ˈhʊndæn/ ''v.'' To track or chase. — From ''hwnd'', above.
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| *'''hẃd''' /huːd/ ''n.'' Guard dog. — Middle Hacean ''huud'', dialectal form of ''huund'', ''hund'' (= ''hwnd'', q.v.).
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| *'''hẃdan''' /ˈhuːdæn/ ''v.'' To guard (as a dog). — From ''hẃd'', above.
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| *'''hẃdár''' /ˈhuːdar/ ''n.'' ''colloq.'' Bouncer (of a night club). — On the notion that they guard like dogs, of course.
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| ==i== | | ==i== |
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| ==í== | | ==í== |
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| ==j== | | ==j== |
| *'''jun''' /jʌn/ ''a.'' Yonder. — Old English ''geon'', yon.
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| ==l== | | ==l== |
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| ==m== | | ==m== |
| *'''moeć''' /mɔɛx/ ''n.'' Pig. — Welsh ''moch'', pigs (the singular being ''mochyn'').
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| *'''mon''' /mɔn/ ''irreg.'' ''n.'' Man. — Old English ''man''. Common in compounds, but less used than ''ƿeir'' when referring to a male adult.
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| ::{| style="text-align: center;"
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| ! Dual
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| | meinaz, monaz
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| ! Plural
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| | mein
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| ==n== | | ==n== |
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| ==ŋ== | | ==ŋ== |
| *'''ŋjoẃƿan''' /ˈŋjɔuwæn/ ''v.'' To argue, to contend. — Old English ''cneátian'', to argue. Note that the ƿ in this case is not part of the root, merely a joining to the suffix ''-an''; i.e. the 1st person present indicative is ''ŋjoẃ''.
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| *'''ŋowƿan''' /ˈŋɔʊwæn/ ''v.'' ''slang'' To have a gut feeling for, to strongly feel. — Old English ''cnáwan'', to know.
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| *'''ŋúr''' /ŋɑːr/ Small ship (e.g. a yacht). — Old English ''cnear'', ''cnearr'', from a Norse source, akin to Icelandic ''knörr''.
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| *'''ŋúran''' /ˈŋɑːræn/ To pilot a small ship; to sail leisurely. — From the noun.
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| *'''ŋúrmon''' /ˈŋɑːrmɔn/ A yachter. — Literally "yacht-man".
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| ==o== | | ==o== |
| *'''oor''' /ɔːr/ ''n.'' Otter. — Old English ''otor'', otter.
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| ==ó== | | ==ó== |
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| ==p== | | ==p== |
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| ==r== | | ==r== |
| *'''rain''' /ræɪn/ ''n.'' Rain. — Old English ''rén'', rain.
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| *'''rainan''' /ˈræɪnæn/ ''v.'' To rain. — From the noun.
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| ==ŕ== | | ==ŕ== |
| *'''ŕowƿan''' /ˈʀɔʊwæn/ ''v.'' To crow; to croak. — Old English ''cráwan'', to crow.
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| *'''ŕowƿár''' /ˈʀɔʊwar/ ''n.'' Crow. — Formed from the verb, but less common than ''ŕowƿe'', below.
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| *'''ŕowƿe''' /ˈʀɔʊwə/ ''n.'' Crow. — Old English ''cráwe'', a crow (lit. crower).
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| ==s== | | ==s== |
| *'''sćjowp''' /sxjɔʊp/ ''n.'' Sheep. — Old English ''sceáp'', sheep. See also ''ćjaap''.
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| *'''sei''' /sɛɪ/ ''p.'' That (animate object). — Old English ''se'', the. The inanimate equivalent is ''ðaðar''.
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| *'''seijun''' /ˈsɛɪjʌn/ ''p.'' Yon (animate object). — Appears to be an artificial compound of ''sei'' and ''jun'', on analogy to the inanimate equivalent, ''ðajun'', q.v.
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| *'''seiźan''' /ˈsɛɪʒæn/ ''v.'' To say, to utter. — Old English ''secgan'', to say. Not the basic verb of speech, which is ''sfreican'', q.v.
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| *'''sfreican''' /ˈsfrɛɪcæn/ ''irreg.'' ''v.'' To speak, to say. — Old English ''sprecan'', to speak.
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| ::{| style="text-align: center;"
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| ! 1st Person
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| ! Present
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| ! Past
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| |-
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| ! Imperfective
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| | sfreic
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| | sfrac
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| |-
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| ! 2nd Person
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| ! Present
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| ! Past
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| |-
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| ! Imperfective
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| | sfreics
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| | sfracs
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| |-
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| ! 3rd Person
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| ! Present
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| ! Past
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| |-
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| ! Imperfective
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| | sfreicþ
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| | sfracþ
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| |}
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| *'''sja''' /sjæ/ ''n.'' Romantic love. — Middle Hacean ''sia'', further etymology unknown.
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| *'''stape''' /ˈstæpə/ ''n.'' A footstep, a pace. — Old English ''stæpe'', a step. Doublet of ''stope''.
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| *'''stopan''' /ˈstɔpæn/ ''v.'' To walk. — Old English ''stapan'', to go or advance.
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| *'''stope''' /ˈstɔpə/ ''n.'' A style of walk. — From the verb. Doublet of ''stape''.
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| *'''stopyne''' /ˈstɔpənə/ ''n.'' A walk, a trek. — Formed from the continuative of the verb.
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| ==ś== | | ==ś== |
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| ==t== | | ==t== |
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| ==þ== | | ==þ== |
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| ==u== | | ==u== |
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| ==ú== | | ==ú== |
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| ==v== | | ==v== |
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| ==w== | | ==w== |
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| ==ẃ== | | ==ẃ== |
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| ==ƿ== | | ==ƿ== |
| *'''ƿaar''' /wæːr/ ''n.'' Water. — Old English ''ƿæter'', water.
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| *'''ƿaaran''' /ˈwæːræn/ ''v.'' To water. — From the noun.
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| *'''ƿá''' /waː/ ''a.'' Wet. — Old English ''ƿǽt'', wet.
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| *'''ƿájan''' /ˈwaːjæn/ ''v.'' ''colloq.'' To wet. — Formed from the noun in lieu of ''ƿán'', q.v.
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| *'''ƿán''' /waːn/ ''irreg.'' ''v.'' To wet. — Old English ''ƿǽtan'', to wet. Only the infinitive is irregular, all other forms inflect from a root of ''ƿá''. See also ''ƿájan''.
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| ==y== | | ==y== |
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| ==ý== | | ==ý== |
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| ==z== | | ==z== |
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| ==ź== | | ==ź== |
