Inng: Difference between revisions
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The "syllabic affricates" are affricates with a syllabic release. From now on, all the affricates will be transcribed without the tiebar, as there is no ambiguity: Any plosive followed by any fricative in the same word | The "syllabic affricates" are affricates with a syllabic release. From now on, all the affricates will be transcribed without the tiebar, as there is no ambiguity: Any plosive followed by any fricative in the same word make an affricate in Inng.<br> | ||
Throughout this article, the syllabic consonants may transcribed with a vertical line (◌̩ or ◌̍) even in phonemic transcription, and the corresponding non-syllabic consonants with inverted breve below (◌̯). This is for clarifying if they are in nucleus, or onset or coda. The lack of onset or coda may be transcribed with ∅. | |||
==== Vowel inventory ==== | ==== Vowel inventory ==== | ||
Revision as of 08:50, 11 March 2013
| Inng Inng-lan | |
|---|---|
| Pronounced: | [iŋː˩län˩] |
| Species: | Human |
| Writing system: | None. Romanization for conlanging purposes. |
| Credits | |
| Creator: | Qwynegold |
| Created: | 21/02/2013 |
Phonology
Inng has only 16 phonemic consonants, and four vowels. But allophones there are a lot more of because of Inng's extensive allophony.
Phoneme and allophone inventories
Both phonemes and allophones are represented in the following tables. Generally the phonemes are represented with a letter that is also used for one of its allophones. The only exception is /r/ which is not realized as [r] but as rhotactization or other changes of the previous vowel.
Consonant inventory
All of the phonemes except for /r/ have as an allophone the same sound as what the phoneme is transcribed with. So for example /p/ has the allophone [p]. /r/ however is never realized as [r].
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plain | Pal. | Plain | Pal. | Central | Lateral | Plain | Lab. | Plain | Lab. | Plain | Lab. | Pal. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plain | Lab. | Plain | Lab. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nasal | /m/ [mː] | [mʲ] | /n/ [nː] | [nʷ] | [ɳ] | [n̠ʲ] | [n̠ᶣ] | /ŋ/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Syllabic nasal | [m̩] [m̩ː] | [n̩] [n̩ː] | [ɳ̍ː] | [ŋ̍] [ŋ̍ː] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plosive | /p/ [pʰ] | /b/ | [pʰʲ] | [bʲ] | /t/ [tʰ] | /d/ | [tʰʷ] | [dʷ] | [ṯʰʲ] | [ḏʲ] | [t̠ʰᶣ] | [d̠ᶣ] | /k/ [kʰ] | /ɡ/ | [kʰʲ] | [ɡʲ] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Affricate | /t͡s/ [t͡sʰ] | /d͜z/ | [t͡sʰʷ] | [d͜zʷ] | [t͜ɬʰ] | [d͡ɮ] | [t͡ɕʰ] | [d͜ʑ] | [t͡ɕʰᶣ] | [d͜ʑᶣ] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Syllabic affricate | [t͡ɬ̩ʰ] [t͡ɬ̩ːʰ] | [d͜ɮ̍] [d͜ɮ̍ː] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | [ɸ] | [ɸʲ] | /f/ | [fʲ] | /s/ | [sʷ] | [ɕ] | [ɕᶣ] | [ç] | [çᶣ] | [x] | /h/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | /l/ [lː] | [lʷ] | [ɭ] | [l̠ʲ] | [l̠ᶣ] | [j] | [ɥ] | [ɫ] | [ʍ] | [w] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Syllabic approximant | [l̩] [l̩ː] | [ɭ̍ː] | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rhotic | /r/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The "syllabic affricates" are affricates with a syllabic release. From now on, all the affricates will be transcribed without the tiebar, as there is no ambiguity: Any plosive followed by any fricative in the same word make an affricate in Inng.
Throughout this article, the syllabic consonants may transcribed with a vertical line (◌̩ or ◌̍) even in phonemic transcription, and the corresponding non-syllabic consonants with inverted breve below (◌̯). This is for clarifying if they are in nucleus, or onset or coda. The lack of onset or coda may be transcribed with ∅.
Vowel inventory
Just as with the consonant table above, all of the vowels have the same sound as an allophone as what the phoneme is transcribed with.
| Vowels | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
| Close | /i/ [iː] | [ʉː] | /u/ [uː] | |||
| Close-mid | [e] [eː] | [o] [oː] [o˞ː] | ||||
| Mid | /ə/ [əː] [ɚː] | |||||
| Open-mid | [ɛ] [ɛː] | [ɝː] | [ɔ] [ɔː] | |||
| Near-open | [ɐ˞ː] | |||||
| Open | /a/ [aː] | [ä] [äː] | [ɑ] [ɑː] | [ɒ] [ɒː] | ||
Tone inventory
Inng has a pitch accent system, where open syllables may have high or low pitch (which may be realized as [˥] respectively [˩]), or be unaccented. Closed syllables are all unaccented.
| Tones | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /˥/ | [˩˥] | [˩˩˥] | [˥˩˥] | [˥˩] | [˥˩˩] | /˩/ |
Syllable structure
The syllable structure for Inng is (O)N(N)(C), where O can be any consonant except for /ŋ, r/, N can be any vowel or /ŋ, l/, and C can be /m, n, ŋ, p, t, k, ts, l, r/. The only restrictions are that if the nucleus is /ŋŋ/, then neither the oneset nor coda can be a nasal, and that there can not be more than two /l/ in succession, regardless of what part of the syllable they are. All words are monosyllabic, except of course for compound words, which are frequent.
Since /ŋ, l/ can be both consonants and vowels, it is important to distinguish between nucleuses and onsets/codas. Phonemes in nucleus may have non-syllabic realizations, so there are words that on the phonemic level are different with regard to syllable structure, but which are realized the same way. However, pitch may distinguish these words, as the tones are dependent on the surrounding consonants.
It is also important to distinguish between words that have a single nucleus (N) and words that have a double nucleus (NN). Single and double nucleuses may both be realized as a long vowel, but with pitch distinguishing them from each other.
Allophony
Nucleuses
Vowels and syllabic nasals are realized as long when in an open syllable (word-final). /ə, əə, a, aa/ become [o, oː, ɑ, ɑː] when followed by a velar (effectively one of [ŋ, k, w]). [w] also adds rounding to /a, aa/, see the table below.
| /i/ [i] | /u/ [u] | /ə/ [ə] | /a/ [ä] | /l/ [l̩] | /ŋ/ [ŋ̍] |
| /ii/ [iː] | /ui/ [ɥi] | /əi/ [ej] | /ai/ [aj] | /li/ [l̠ʲi] | /ŋi/ [n̠ʲi] |
| /iu/ [ju] | /uu/ [uː] | /əu/ [ow] | /au/ [ɒw] | /lu/ [lʷu] | /ŋu/ [nʷu] |
| /iə/ [je] | /uə/ [wo] | /əə/ [əː] | /aə/ [ɛ] | /lə/ [lə] | /ŋə/ [nə] |
| /ia/ [ja] | /ua/ [wɒ] | /əa/ [ɔ] | /aa/ [äː] | /la/ [lä] | /ŋa/ [nä] |
| /il/ [il] | /ul/ [ul] | /əl/ [əl] | /al/ [äl] | /ll/ [l̩ː] | /ŋl/ [n̩l] |
| /iŋ/ [iŋ] | /uŋ/ [uŋ] | /əŋ/ [oŋ] | /aŋ/ [ɑŋ] | /lŋ/ [l̩m] | /ŋŋ/ [ŋ̍ː] |
When both the nucleus consists of two consonants, one will be syllabic and the other non-syllabic. Which one is which depends on the surrounding consonants. This table shows their realization in words with neither onset or coda. Also note that all word-final vowels and syllabic consonants are long.
Rimes
| /ir/ [ʉː] | /ur/ [o˞ː] | /ər/ [ɚː] | /ar/ [ɐ˞ː] | /lr/ [ɭ̍ː] | /ŋr/ [ɳ̍ː] |
| /iir/ [ʉː] | /uir/ [ɥʉː] | /əir/ [ʉː] | /air/ [ɚː] | /lir/ [lʉː] | /ŋir/ [nʉː] |
| /iur/ [jo˞ː] | /uur/ [o˞ː] | /əur/ [o˞ː] | /aur/ [ɚː] | /lur/ [lo˞ː] | /ŋur/ [no˞ː] |
| /iər/ [jɚː] | /uər/ [wɚː] | /əər/ [ɚː] | /aər/ [ɝː] | /lər/ [lɚː] | /ŋər/ [nɚː] |
| /iar/ [jɐ˞ː] | /uar/ [wɐ˞ː] | /əar/ [ɝː] | /aar/ [ɐ˞ː] | /lar/ [lɐ˞ː] | /ŋar/ [nɐ˞ː] |
| /ilr/ [iɭ] | /ulr/ [uɭ] | /əlr/ [əɭ] | /alr/ [äɭ] | /llr/ [ɭ̍ː] | /ŋlr/ [n̩ɭ] |
| /iŋr/ [iɳ] | /uŋr/ [uɳ] | /əŋr/ [əɳ] | /aŋr/ [äɳ] | /lŋr/ [l̩ɳ] | /ŋŋr/ [ɳ̍ː] |
/ir, iir, əir/, /ur, uur, əur/, /ər, əər, air, aur/, /əar, aər/, /ar, aar/, /lr, llr/, respectively /ŋr, ŋŋr/ are in complementary distribution. All of these form unaccented syllables.
Consonants
| Consonant | +[i] | +[j] | +[u] | +[w] | +[ɥ] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /m/ | [mʲi] | [mj] | [mu] | [mw] | [mɥ] |
| /n/ | [n̠ʲi] | [n̠ʲ] | [nʷu] | [nʷ] | [n̠ᶣ] |
| /p/ | [pʲʰi] | [pʰj] | [pʰu] | [pʰw] | [pʰɥ] |
| /b/ | [bʲi] | [bj] | [bu] | [bw] | [bɥ] |
| /t/ | [t̠ʲʰi] | [t̠ʲʰ] | [tʷʰu] | [tʷʰ] | [t̠ᶣʰ] |
| /d/ | [d̠ʲi] | [d̠ʲ] | [dʷu] | [dʷ] | [d̠ᶣ] |
| /k/ | [kʲʰi] | [kj] | [kʰu] | [kʰw] | [kʰɥ] |
| /ɡ/ | [ɡʲi] | [ɡj] | [ɡu] | [ɡw] | [ɡɥ] |
| /ts/ | [tɕʰi] | [tɕʰ] | [tsʷʰu] | [tsʷʰ] | [tɕᶣʰ] |
| /dz/ | [dʑi] | [dʑ] | [dzʷu] | [dzʷ] | [dʑᶣ] |
| /f/ | [fʲi] | [fj] | [fu] | [ɸ] | [ɸɥ] |
| /s/ | [ɕi] | [ɕ] | [sʷu] | [sʷ] | [ɕᶣ] |
| /h/ | [çi] | [ç] | [ʍu] | [ʍ] | [çᶣ] |
| /l/ | [l̠ʲi] | [l̠ʲ] | [lʷu] | [lʷ] | [l̠ᶣ] |
The above table shows the realizations of consonants followed by [i, j, u, w, ɥ]. [j] is the realization of /i/ before another vowel, [w] is the realization of /u/ before a vowel other than /i/, and [ɥ] is the realization of /u/ before [i]. So for example the words /fing, fia˥, ful, fue˩, fui/ (fetch, feast, fort, foil (V.), foe) are pronunced [fʲiŋ˥˩, fjaː˥˩˥, ful˥˩, ɸoː˥˩˩, ɸɥiː˥˩˩].
There are some patterns to the realization of the consonants. Labials and velars become palatalized before [i] but form a cluster with [j], while alveolars become alveolo-palatal before [i, j], deleting the [j]. Labials and velars are not affected by [u, w, ɥ], with the exception of /f/ which become a bilabial when clustering with [w, ɥ]. Alveolars become labialized before [u, w], deleting the [w]. When followed by [ɥ] they become rounded alveolopalatals, deleting the [ɥ]. /h/ simply changes its point of articulation before all of these phones.
Syllabic consonants
| -/∅/[1] | -/m/ | -/n/ | -/ŋ/ | -/p/ | -/t/ | -/k/ | -/ts/ | -/l/[2] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /∅l/- | [l̩ː][3] | [l̩m] | [l̩n] | [l̩ŋ] | [l̩p] | [l̩t] | [l̩k] | [l̩ts] | [l̩ː][4] |
| /ml/- | [ml̩ː] | [ml̩m] | [ml̩n] | [ml̩ŋ] | [ml̩p] | [ml̩t] | [ml̩k] | [ml̩ts] | [ml̩ː] |
| /nl/- | [nl̩ː] | [nl̩m] | [nl̩n] | [nl̩ŋ] | [nl̩p] | [nl̩t] | [nl̩k] | [nl̩ts] | [nl̩ː] |
| /pl/- | [pʰl̩ː] | [pʰl̩m] | [pʰl̩n] | [pʰl̩ŋ] | [pʰl̩p] | [pʰl̩t] | [pʰl̩k] | [pʰl̩ts] | [pʰl̩ː] |
| /bl/- | [bl̩ː] | [bl̩m] | [bl̩n] | [bl̩ŋ] | [bl̩p] | [bl̩t] | [bl̩k] | [bl̩ts] | [bl̩ː] |
| /tl/- | [tɬ̩ːʰ] | [tɬ̩ʰm] | [tɬ̩ʰn] | [tɬ̩ʰŋ] | [tɬ̩ʰp] | [tɬ̩ʰt] | [tɬ̩ʰk] | [tɬ̩ʰts] | [tɬ̩ːʰ] |
| /dl/- | [dɮ̍ː] | [dɮ̍m] | [dɮ̍n] | [dɮ̍ŋ] | [dɮ̍p] | [dɮ̍t] | [dɮ̍k] | [dɮ̍ts] | [dɮ̍ː] |
| /kl/- | [kʰl̩ː] | [kʰl̩m] | [kʰl̩n] | [kʰl̩ŋ] | [kʰl̩p] | [kʰl̩t] | [kʰl̩k] | [kʰl̩ts] | [kʰl̩ː] |
| /ɡl/- | [ɡl̩ː] | [ɡl̩m] | [ɡl̩n] | [ɡl̩ŋ] | [ɡl̩p] | [ɡl̩t] | [ɡl̩k] | [ɡl̩ts] | [ɡl̩ː] |
| /tsl/- | [tsl̩ː] | [tsl̩m] | [tsl̩n] | [tsl̩ŋ] | [tsl̩p] | [tsl̩t] | [tsl̩k] | [tsl̩ts] | [tsl̩ː] |
| /dzl/- | [dzl̩ː] | [dzl̩m] | [dzl̩n] | [dzl̩ŋ] | [dzl̩p] | [dzl̩t] | [dzl̩k] | [dzl̩ts] | [dzl̩ː] |
| /fl/- | [fl̩ː] | [fl̩m] | [fl̩n] | [fl̩ŋ] | [fl̩p] | [fl̩t] | [fl̩k] | [fl̩ts] | [fl̩ː] |
| /sl/- | [sl̩ː] | [sl̩m] | [sl̩n] | [sl̩ŋ] | [sl̩p] | [sl̩t] | [sl̩k] | [sl̩ts] | [sl̩ː] |
| /hl/- | [xl̩ː] | [xl̩m] | [xl̩n] | [xl̩ŋ] | [xl̩p] | [xl̩t] | [xl̩k] | [xl̩ts] | [xl̩ː] |
| /ll/- | [l̩ː][5] | [l̩ːm] | [l̩ːn] | [l̩ːŋ] | [l̩ːp] | [l̩ːt] | [l̩ːk] | [l̩ːts] | - |
| -/∅/ | -/m/ | -/n/ | -/ŋ/ | -/p/ | -/t/ | -/k/ | -/ts/ | -/l/ | |
| /∅lŋ/-[6] | [l̩m] | [l̩mː] | [lm̩n] | [l̩nː] | [lm̩p] | [lm̩t] | [lm̩k] | [lm̩ts] | [lm̩l] |
| /mlŋ/- | [ml̩m] | [ml̩mː] | [mlm̩n] | [ml̩nː] | [mlm̩p] | [mln̩t] | [mlm̩k] | [mln̩ts] | [mlm̩l] |
| /nlŋ/- | [nl̩m] | [nl̩mː] | [nlm̩n] | [nl̩nː] | [nlm̩p] | [nln̩t] | [nlm̩k] | [nln̩ts] | [nlm̩l] |
| /plŋ/- | [pʰl̩m] | [pʰl̩mː] | [pʰlm̩n] | [pʰl̩nː] | [pʰlm̩p] | [pʰln̩t] | [pʰlm̩k] | [pʰln̩ts] | [pʰlm̩l] |
| /blŋ/- | [bl̩m] | [bl̩mː] | [blm̩n] | [bl̩nː] | [blm̩p] | [bln̩t] | [blm̩k] | [bln̩ts] | [[blm̩l] |
| /tlŋ/- | [tɬ̩ʰm] | [tɬ̩ʰmː] | [tɬʰm̩n] | [tɬ̩ʰnː] | [tɬʰm̩p] | [tɬʰn̩t] | [tɬʰm̩k] | [tɬʰn̩ts] | [tɬʰm̩l] |
| /dlŋ/- | [dɮ̍m] | [dɮ̍mː] | [dɮm̩n] | [dɮ̍nː] | [dɮm̩p] | [dɮn̩t] | [dɮm̩k] | [dɮn̩ts] | [dɮm̩l] |
| /klŋ/- | [kʰl̩m] | [kʰl̩mː] | [kʰlm̩n] | [kʰl̩nː] | [kʰlm̩p] | [kʰln̩t] | [kʰlm̩k] | [kʰln̩ts] | [kʰlm̩l] |
| /ɡlŋ/- | [ɡl̩m] | [ɡl̩mː] | [ɡlm̩n] | [ɡl̩nː] | [ɡlm̩p] | [ɡln̩t] | [ɡlm̩k] | [ɡln̩ts] | [ɡlm̩l] |
| /tslŋ/- | [tsl̩m] | [tsʰl̩mː] | [tslm̩n] | [tsl̩nː] | [tslm̩p] | [tsln̩t] | [tslm̩k] | [tsln̩ts] | [tslm̩l] |
| /dzlŋ/- | [dzl̩m] | [dzl̩mː] | [dzlm̩n] | [dzl̩nː] | [dzlm̩p] | [dzln̩t] | [dzlm̩k] | [dzln̩ts] | [dzlm̩l] |
| /flŋ/- | [fl̩m] | [fl̩mː] | [flm̩n] | [fl̩nː] | [flm̩p] | [fln̩t] | [flm̩k] | [fln̩ts] | [flm̩l] |
| /slŋ/- | [sl̩m] | [sl̩mː] | [slm̩n] | [sl̩nː] | [slm̩p] | [sln̩t] | [slm̩k] | [sln̩ts] | [slm̩l] |
| /hlŋ/- | [xl̩m] | [xl̩mː] | [xlm̩n] | [xl̩nː] | [xlm̩p] | [xln̩t] | [xlm̩k] | [xln̩ts] | [xlm̩l] |
| /llŋ/- | [l̩ːm] | [l̩ːmː] | [lːm̩n] | [l̩ːnː] | [lːm̩p] | [lːn̩t] | [lːm̩k] | [lːn̩ts] | [lːm̩l] |
| -/∅/[7][8] | -/m/[9] | -/n/[10] | -/ŋ/ | -/p/ | -/t/ | -/k/ | -/ts/ | -/l/ | |
| /∅ŋ/- | [ŋ̍ː] | [ŋ̍m] | [m̩n] | [ŋ̍ː][11] | [m̩p] | [n̩t] | [ŋ̍k] | [n̩ts] | [n̩l] |
| /mŋ/- | [mn̩ː][12] | [mn̩m] | [mn̩ː][13] | [mn̩ː][14] | [m̩ːp] | [mn̩t] | [mn̩k] | [mn̩ts] | [mn̩l] |
| /nŋ/- | [ŋ̩ː] | [ŋ̍ːm] | [ŋ̍ːn] | [nm̩ː] | [nm̩p] | [ŋ̍ːt] | [ŋ̍ːk] | [ŋ̍ːts] | [n̩ːl] |
| /pŋ/- | [pʰn̩ː] | [pʰn̩m] | [pʰn̩ː] | [pʰŋ̍ː] | [pʰn̩p] | [pʰn̩t] | [pʰn̩k] | [pʰn̩ts] | [pʰn̩l] |
| /bŋ/- | [bn̩ː] | [bn̩m] | [bn̩ː] | [bŋ̍ː] | [bn̩p] | [bn̩t] | [bn̩k] | [bn̩ts] | [bn̩l] |
| /tŋ/- | [tʰm̩ː] | [tʰm̩ː] | [tʰm̩n] | [tʰŋ̍ː] | [tʰm̩p] | [tʰm̩t] | [tʰm̩k] | [tʰm̩ts] | [tʰm̩l] |
| /dŋ/- | [dm̩ː] | [dm̩ː] | [dm̩n] | [dŋ̍ː] | [dm̩p] | [dm̩t] | [dm̩k] | [dm̩ts] | [dm̩l] |
| /kŋ/- | [kʰm̩ː] | [kʰm̩ː] | [kʰm̩n] | [kʰŋ̍ː] | [kʰm̩p] | [kʰn̩t] | [kʰm̩k] | [kʰn̩ts] | [kʰn̩l] |
| /ɡŋ/- | [ɡm̩ː] | [ɡm̩ː] | [ɡm̩n] | [ɡŋ̍ː] | [ɡm̩p] | [ɡn̩t] | [ɡm̩k] | [ɡn̩ts] | [ɡn̩l] |
| /tsŋ/- | [tsʰm̩ː] | [tsʰm̩ː] | [tsʰm̩n] | [tsʰŋ̍ː] | [tsʰm̩p] | [tsʰm̩t] | [tsʰm̩k] | [tsʰm̩ts] | [tsʰm̩l] |
| /dzŋ/- | [dzm̩ː] | [dzm̩ː] | [dzm̩n] | [dzŋ̍ː] | [dzm̩p] | [dzm̩t] | [dzm̩k] | [dzm̩ts] | [dzm̩l] |
| /fŋ/- | [fn̩ː] | [fn̩m] | [fn̩ː] | [fŋ̍ː] | [fn̩p] | [fn̩t] | [fn̩k] | [fn̩ts] | [fn̩l] |
| /sŋ/- | [sm̩ː] | [sm̩ː] | [sm̩n] | [sŋ̍ː] | [sm̩p] | [sm̩t] | [sm̩k] | [sm̩ts] | [sm̩l] |
| /hŋ/- | [xm̩ː] | [xm̩ː] | [xm̩n] | [xŋ̍ː] | [xm̩p] | [xn̩t] | [xm̩k] | [xn̩ts] | [xn̩l] |
| /lŋ/-[15] | [lm̩ː] | [lm̩ː] | [lm̩n] | [ln̩ː] | [lm̩p] | [lm̩t] | [lm̩k] | [lm̩ts] | [lm̩l] |
| -/∅/ | -/m/ | -/n/ | -/ŋ/ | -/p/ | -/t/ | -/k/ | -/ts/ | -/l/ | |
| /∅ŋl/- | |||||||||
| /mŋl/- | [] | ||||||||
| /nŋl/- | |||||||||
| /pŋl/- | |||||||||
| /bŋl/- | |||||||||
| /tŋl/- | |||||||||
| /dŋl/- | |||||||||
| /kŋl/- | |||||||||
| /ɡŋl/- | |||||||||
| /tsŋl/- | |||||||||
| /dzŋl/- | |||||||||
| /fŋl/- | |||||||||
| /sŋl/- | |||||||||
| /hŋl/- | |||||||||
| /lŋl/- | |||||||||
| -/∅/[16] | -/m/ | -/n/ | -/ŋ/ | -/p/ | -/t/ | -/k/ | -/ts/ | -/l/ | |
| /∅ŋŋ/- | [ŋ̍ː] | - | - | - | [m̩ːp] | [n̩ːt] | [ŋ̍ːk] | [n̩ːts] | [n̩ːl] |
| /mŋŋ/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| /nŋŋ/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| /pŋŋ/- | [pʰn̩ː] | - | - | - | [pʰn̩ːp] | [pʰn̩ːt] | [pʰn̩ːk] | [pʰn̩ːts] | [pʰn̩ːl] |
| /bŋŋ/- | [bn̩ː] | - | - | - | [bn̩ːp] | [bn̩ːt] | [bn̩ːk] | [bn̩ːts] | [bn̩ːl] |
| /tŋŋ/- | [tʰm̩ː] | - | - | - | [tʰm̩ːp] | [tʰm̩ːt] | [tʰm̩ːk] | [tʰm̩ːts] | [tʰm̩ːl] |
| /dŋŋ/- | [dm̩ː] | - | - | - | [dm̩ːp] | [dm̩ːt] | [dm̩ːk] | [dm̩ːts] | [dm̩ːl] |
| /kŋŋ/- | [kʰm̩ː] | - | - | - | [kʰm̩ːp] | [kʰn̩ːt] | [kʰm̩ːk] | [kʰn̩ːts] | [kʰn̩ːl] |
| /ɡŋŋ/- | [ɡm̩ː] | - | - | - | [ɡm̩ːp] | [ɡn̩ːt] | [ɡm̩ːk] | [ɡn̩ːts] | [ɡn̩ːl] |
| /tsŋŋ/- | [tsʰm̩ː] | - | - | - | [tsʰm̩ːp] | [tsʰm̩ːt] | [tsʰm̩ːk] | [tsʰm̩ːts] | [tsʰm̩ːl] |
| /dzŋŋ/- | [dzm̩ː] | - | - | - | [dzm̩ːp] | [dzm̩ːt] | [dzm̩ːk] | [dzm̩ːts] | [dzm̩ːl] |
| /fŋŋ/- | [fn̩ː] | - | - | - | [fn̩ːp] | [fn̩ːt] | [fn̩ːk] | [fn̩ːts] | [fn̩ːl] |
| /sŋŋ/- | [sm̩ː] | - | - | - | [sm̩ːp] | [sm̩ːt] | [sm̩ːk] | [sm̩ːts] | [sm̩ːl] |
| /hŋŋ/- | [xm̩ː] | - | - | - | [xm̩ːp] | [xn̩ːt] | [xm̩ːk] | [xn̩ːts] | [xn̩ːl] |
| /lŋŋ/- | [lm̩ː] | - | - | - | [lm̩ːp] | [lm̩ːt] | [lm̩ːk] | [lm̩ːts] | [lm̩ːl] |
- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Rimes consisting of a nucleus syllabic consonant followed by no coda, and a nucleus syllabic consonant followed by an identical coda consonant, are both realized as a long syllabic consonant. But tones may distinguish these from each other.
- ^ ^ ^ /∅l̩∅/, /∅l̩l̯/, and /l̯l̩∅/ are all realized as [l̩ː], but may be distinguished by tones. /∅l̩∅/ may have tones [˥, ˥˩, ˩˥, ˩], /∅l̩l̯/ may have tones [˥˩, ˩], and /l̯l̩∅/ may have tones [˩˥, ˩].
- ^ ^ /∅l̩ŋ̍/ followed by a consonant is pronunced the same as /l̯ŋ̍/ followed by a consonant, but tones may distinguish these two from eachother. /l̯ŋ̍/ has one of the tones [˩˥, ˩] depending on the following consonant, while /∅l̩ŋ̍/ has one of [˥˩˥, ˥˩˩, ˩˩˥, ˩] depending on the surrounding consonants.
- ^ ^ /ŋ̍∅/ and /ŋ̍ŋ̍∅/ are both pronunced the same, but may be distinguished by tone. /ŋ̍∅/ can have one of the tones [˥, ˥˩, ˩˥, ˩], and /ŋ̍ŋ̍∅/ can have one of the tones [˥˩˥, ˥˩˩, ˩˩˥, ˩].
- ^ ^ ^ /mŋ̍n/ and /mŋ̍ŋ/ are in complementary distribution, both being realized [mn̩ː˩]. /mŋ̍/ however may be distinguished by tone, being either [mn̩ː˩] or [mn̩ː˩˥].
