Khangaþyagon Subordinate Clauses: Difference between revisions

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(Action Nominal Constructions)
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He believed (unfoundedly or insincerely) that the monks had great treasure.
He believed (unfoundedly or insincerely) that the monks had great treasure.
===Action Nominal Constructions===
Action nominals are formed by an ergative pattern, where the [[Khangaþyagon_Derivational_Morphology|participal verb]] is followed by the object, marked with the [[Khangaþyagon_Nouns|possessive segunak]] uz, and optionally the subject, marked with the instrumental segunak ol.
''eskrontþað glafuz rikol''
{|
|eskr-||ont-||það||glaf-||uz||rik-||ol
|-
|ride||PrP||deed||horse||GEN||man||INST
|}
The riding of the horse by the man (the man's riding of the horse).
When the verb is intransitive, uz marks the subject.
''peshtontþað akhrumuz''
{|
|pesht-||ont-||það||akhrum-||uz
|-
|run||PrP||deed||deer||GEN
|}
The running of the deer.
When the semantics of the verb is such that the roles of the arguments can be understood from context (men ride horses, horses do not ride men), the object may be ommitted and the subject marked with uz
''eskrontþað rikuz''
{|
|eskr-||ont-||það||rik-||uz
|-
|ride||PrP||deed||man||GEN
|}
The man's riding
''eskrontþað glafuz''
{|
|eskr-||ont-||það||glaf-||uz
|-
|ride||PrP||deed||horse||GEN
|}
The riding of the horse.


{{NavBar|Back_dest=Khangaþyagon Pronouns|Back_name=Pronouns|Up_dest=Khangaþyagon Syntax|Up_name=Syntax|Next_dest=Khangaþyagon Questions etc|Next_name=Questions, Commands, Conditionals and Counterfactuals}}
{{NavBar|Back_dest=Khangaþyagon Pronouns|Back_name=Pronouns|Up_dest=Khangaþyagon Syntax|Up_name=Syntax|Next_dest=Khangaþyagon Questions etc|Next_name=Questions, Commands, Conditionals and Counterfactuals}}


--[[User:PeteBleackley|PeteBleackley]] 02:19, 6 June 2006 (PDT)
--[[User:PeteBleackley|PeteBleackley]] 02:19, 6 June 2006 (PDT)

Revision as of 04:07, 11 October 2012

Subordinate clauses and reported speech

Subordinate Clauses

These are introduced by the conjunction ū "such that". For example,

iðuzhang ya rik ū nellodahing yi

iðuzh a ng ya rik ū nello dah i ng yi
see 1p pt 1p man "such that" worthy be 3p pt 3p

I saw the man who was worthy.

Reported speech etc

This is expressed with a topic-comment structure, the topic being marked with the segunak ku.

tamiting yi mallsheuroshtkur, wiþingar yir zaldep mœza

tamit i ng yi mall sheur osht ku r wiþ ing ar yi r zaldep mœza
"believe unfoundedly" 3p pt 3p holy seclude pp about pl have 3p pt pl 3p pl treasure great

He believed (unfoundedly or insincerely) that the monks had great treasure.


Action Nominal Constructions

Action nominals are formed by an ergative pattern, where the participal verb is followed by the object, marked with the possessive segunak uz, and optionally the subject, marked with the instrumental segunak ol.

eskrontþað glafuz rikol

eskr- ont- það glaf- uz rik- ol
ride PrP deed horse GEN man INST

The riding of the horse by the man (the man's riding of the horse).

When the verb is intransitive, uz marks the subject.

peshtontþað akhrumuz

pesht- ont- það akhrum- uz
run PrP deed deer GEN

The running of the deer.

When the semantics of the verb is such that the roles of the arguments can be understood from context (men ride horses, horses do not ride men), the object may be ommitted and the subject marked with uz eskrontþað rikuz

eskr- ont- það rik- uz
ride PrP deed man GEN

The man's riding

eskrontþað glafuz

eskr- ont- það glaf- uz
ride PrP deed horse GEN

The riding of the horse.

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Pronouns Syntax Questions, Commands, Conditionals and Counterfactuals


--PeteBleackley 02:19, 6 June 2006 (PDT)

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