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| Again, '''bold''' marks vocalic irregularities (except in Permic), <font color="red">red</font> consonantal. | | Again, '''bold''' marks vocalic irregularities (except in Permic), <font color="red">red</font> consonantal. |
| ==*ê== | | ==*ê== |
| {| cellpadding="0"|
| |
| |- style="background:#FFA0A0"
| |
| ! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! [[Mordvinic|Mordv.]] !! [[Mari]] !! [[Permic]] !! [[Hungarian|Hung.]] !! [[Mansi]] !! [[Khanty]] !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
| |
| ! Comments
| |
| |- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| |
| ! colspan="10" | *ê_i (std. *e_i ?)
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to fear"
| |
| | *pel-kä- || *pɤlɤ- || peĺe- || - || *pool- || feel- || *pil- || *pel- || *pêj-
| |
| |-
| |
| | "blood"
| |
| | *veri || *vɤrɤ || veŕ || ''*wʏr'' <!--Hi @ ~ Me ü-->|| '''*vir''' || veer || *wiɣər || *wer || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "water"
| |
| | *veci || - || veď || ''*wʏt'' || *voo<!--Komi *oo# > a--> || '''viiz''' || *wit || - || *wêt
| |
| | ← IE?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to go"
| |
| | *mene- || *mɤnɤ- || - || style="color:red"| '''*mije-''' || ''*mun(ɨ)-'' || ''mën-'' || *min- || *men- || *mên-
| |
| | Ma. cf. Kar. '''mäne-'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to do"
| |
| | *teke- || *tɤkɤ- || teje~tije- || - || - || ''tëv-'' || *tij- || *tej- || -
| |
| | ← IE
| |
| |-
| |
| | "lip"
| |
| | - || ''*pɤŋsɤm'' || - || - || - || - || *piťem || *peɬem || '''*peptän'''
| |
| | -ms- ?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to take"
| |
| | *vee- || ''*vīkɤ-'' <!--*i/uxi > *í/úki is regular-->|| ''vije-'' || - || ''*vaj(ɨ)-'' <!-- i\ in Udmurt-->|| '''vi-''' || *wi- || *we- || '''*ü-'''
| |
| | *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
| |
| |-
| |
| | "owl"
| |
| | style="color:red"| '''*hüüp-''' || *ɤpɤkē || - || - || - || - || *jipəɣ || *jepəɣ || -
| |
| | Onomatopoetics in F.?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "warm"
| |
| | E. eh'''a''' || NS <font color=red>'''áccagas''' || eže- || - || - || - || *iš- || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "bee"
| |
| | *mehi- || - || mekš || ''*mükš'' || *mooš || meex || - || - || -
| |
| | ← II
| |
| |-
| |
| | "honey"
| |
| | *meci || - || meď || ''*müj'' || *moo<!--Komi *oo# > a--> || meez || - || - || -
| |
| | ← II
| |
| |-
| |
| | "skin"
| |
| | *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || ''*kʏr'' || *koor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || -
| |
| | ObU *kEr
| |
| |-
| |
| | "skin"
| |
| | *keci || *kɤtɤ || keď || - || - || - || - || - || *kêt
| |
| | Cf. prev; also *käðʲi → P. *kiĺ, Ms. *kääĺən
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to must"
| |
| | - || *kɤlkɤ- || keĺge- || Me. küle- ~ Hi. '''kele-''' || *kool- || kell- || - || - || -
| |
| | Cf. IE. Check if not *i?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "young tree, twig"
| |
| | - || - || - || '''*nörɣə''' || '''*ńɤr''' || ''ńiir'' || *ńir ~<br/>TJ '''ńär''' || *nér || -
| |
| | Smy. #nËrkə "willow" may not belong - or is this *ë?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "exchange"
| |
| | *vero || - || veŕe-nc || '''*werć-''' || U. vur || - || - || '''*weer''' || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "handle"
| |
| | - || *nɤvtɤ || - || - || ''*nud'' || - || - || - || -
| |
| | *-ŋt-. Check if not *i
| |
| |-
| |
| | "middle"
| |
| | *keski || *kɤskɤ || keska || - || *koos || - || - || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "throat"
| |
| | *kero || *kɤrɤs || - || - || *goor || - || - || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to wash"
| |
| | *pese- || *pɤsɤ- || pezo- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| | ← IE
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to stretch"
| |
| | *venü- || *vɤnɤ- || veńeme- || - || - || - || - || - || ''*wênä''
| |
| | Smy "rope"
| |
| |-
| |
| | "boat"
| |
| | *veneh || *vɤnɤs || veńeš || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to be in time"
| |
| | *ehti- || *ɤstɤ- || - || *əšte- <!-- Hi ə ~ Me ɤ--> || K. '''eštɨ-''' || - || - || - || -
| |
| | K. ← F?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "leaf"
| |
| | *lehti || *lɤstɤ || - || *ləštaš || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| | ← IE
| |
| |-
| |
| | "work"
| |
| | *töö || - || ťev || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| | *têwi; cf. *têki
| |
| |-
| |
| | "lime, bast"
| |
| | *lehmus || - || ĺevos || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "dove"
| |
| | F metti- ~ E meikka- || - || meče || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "pestle"
| |
| | *petkel || - || peťkeĺ || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "feather"
| |
| | *hewhen || *sɤvsɤm || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| | NB difthong! Newer loan? -n ~ -m doesn't match
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to tear"
| |
| | *repe- || *rɤpɤ- || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | "next"
| |
| | *enti || *ɤvtɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| | *-ŋt-
| |
| |-
| |
| | "stalk, axle"
| |
| | - || - || E. '''sad''' || *šüðər || style="color:red"| *zoo<!--Komi *oo# > a--> || - || - || - || -
| |
| |- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| |
| ! colspan="10" | *e_i in *ê-system (all old cases long or difthongal? see also [[Proto-Uralic/Ä|*äx]], [[Proto-Uralic/E|*e_a]])
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to cook"
| |
| | - || - || pije- || - || K. pu- || (föö-) || '''*pääj-''' || - || *pi-
| |
| | *pexi-; cf. *pEsa- !
| |
| |-
| |
| | "matter"
| |
| | - || *sējɤ || sij || *šü || *śiś <!--U. śis ~ K. siś-->|| eev || style="color:red"| *säj || *ɬöj || *tiəj
| |
| | *sexji
| |
| |-
| |
| | "7"
| |
| | *sejcem || *čēčɤm || śiśem || *səm || *śiźɨm || - || - || - || -
| |
| | ← IE?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "lichen on trees"
| |
| | - || *jēvjɤmē || - || - || - || - || - || *jej || ''*jüjə''
| |
| | Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to sell"
| |
| | ''*möö-'' || *mēkɤ- || mije- || - || *med || - || '''*miɣ-''' || *me- || *mi-
| |
| | *mexi
| |
| <!--|-
| |
| | "to find"
| |
| | *lewtä- || - || - || - || - || leel || - || - || -
| |
| | Plain *e? Cf. "to hit" -->
| |
| |-
| |
| | "round"
| |
| | *kehkerä || - || style="color:red"| kičkere || *kəškär || - || - || - || - ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to drink"
| |
| | *seemV- || - || śime- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| | (check if a loan)
| |
| |-
| |
| | "brother"
| |
| | *velji || *vēljɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| | Short! ← IE?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "clear"
| |
| | *selke- || *čēlkɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| |
| | Liv. <font color="red">sieldɤ</font>. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to boil"
| |
| | *kee-, *kei- || *kí- || - || ''*küa-'' || - || köve- || - || - || -
| |
| |-
| |
| | ""
| |
| | || || || || || || || ||
| |
| |- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| |
| ! colspan="10" | *E_i (generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri)
| |
| |-
| |
| | "mushroom"
| |
| | *seeni || ''*čānā'' || - || *šeen || U. śeńki|| - || style="color:green"| *šiinəɣ || '''*säänəɣ''' || -
| |
| | *śExni ?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to cut"
| |
| | *vejci || - || - || - || K. vɤź- || vees- || - || '''*wäänť-''' || -
| |
| | K. delabzn / loss of *ŋ? F. "knife"
| |
| |-
| |
| | "girl"
| |
| | *nejtVj || ''*nējtɤ'' || ''ni'' || - || *nɨl || - || *nii || *niiŋ || ''*nê''
| |
| | Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to eat"
| |
| | ''*söö-'' || - || ''śeve-'' || - || ''*śooj'' || ëv- || *tii-, '''*tääj-''' || *ɬii- || ''*ti-mä''
| |
| | Smy. "tooth". U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant & medial mismatch!
| |
| |-
| |
| | "soul, breath, steam"
| |
| | *lewlü || ''*lēvlɤ'' || - || - || *lool || leelek || *liil || *ɬiiɬ || -
| |
| | Wrt. S, cf. difthong
| |
| |-
| |
| | "front"
| |
| | *eti || - || - || - || - || elöö || *iil || *iiɬ || ''*ê/ir-''
| |
| | Smy. "row"
| |
| |-
| |
| | "edge"
| |
| | - || - || - || - || - || seel || *siil || *siiɬ || -
| |
| |- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| |
| ! colspan="10" | *E_a
| |
| |-
| |
| | "2"
| |
| | (''*kakti'') || (''*kōktē'') || (''kavta'') || (''kok'') || '''*kɨk''' || keet || ''*kit'' || '''*kiit''', käät || *kêtä
| |
| | Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
| |
| |-
| |
| | "price"
| |
| | - || - || - || - || *doon || - || ''*tin'' || *tään || -
| |
| | (no evidence for a cluster)
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to dodge"
| |
| | - || *kɤrvē- || - || - || - || kerül- || ''*kir-'' || *käärəɣ- || -
| |
| | Ms. *i before a cluster?
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to cook"
| |
| | - || *pɤsē- || - || - || *pɤɤž- || - || *piit- || *pääɬ- || -
| |
| | P. delabzn!? Cf. *pexi-
| |
| |-
| |
| | "(to) thin"
| |
| | - || '''*keancē''' || - || - || - || keskëń || - || *käänť- || -
| |
| | Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
| |
| |-
| |
| | "bay, moor"
| |
| | - || - || - || - || '''*kääl-''' || || *kiiləɣ || *kääɭəɣ ? || Sk. keeĺ, köl
| |
| |- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| |
| ! colspan="10" | Finnic *öö is confusing
| |
| |-
| |
| | "to hit"
| |
| | ''*löö-'' || - || - || ''*lüje-'' <!--Hi. lüe, Me. lüje--> || K. ''lɨj-'' || '''löv-''' || *li- || - || *jöw-
| |
| | *lêxi? *lêwi?
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==*ô== | | ==*ô== |
