Zombie linguistic terms

This page is a list of zombie linguistic terms, i.e. terms linguists once used but no longer use, but have found an afterlife in the popular press. The page is the outcome of a discussion on the ZBB started by Geoff Eddy on March 14, 2011.

Phonetics and phonology

guttural - characterized by articulation in the back of the mouth, ranging from velar to glottal. Often misspelled gutteral.

hard/soft - a pair of words often used to describe sounds of language, but lacking a definition.

phonetic (of languages) - written in a script that approaches a phonetic transcription.

strident - a poorly defined term which encompasses sibilants, affricates and whatever the author sees fit.

Language classification and historical linguistics

Aryan - a term that was used to refer either to Indo-European or Indo-Iranian. This ambiguity, together with the racist abuse of this term, led to its abandonment.

Hamitic - a language family once believed to consist of Egyptian, Berber and Cushitic. All these languages are members of the Afro-Asiatic family (which is sometimes still called Hamito-Semitic), but no longer considered to form a valid node.

Indo-Germanic - an obsolete name for Indo-European.

Ural-Altaic - a language family once believed to consist of Uralic and Altaic. This relationship was proposed in the 19th century mainly on typological grounds and is no longer accepted (indeed, Altaic is doubted by many linguists now), but see Nostratic and Eurasiatic for similar but wider relationship hypotheses.

Volgaic - a subgroup of Uralic consisting of Mordvin and Mari; these are no longer considered a valid node, as Mordvin is now considered to be more closely related to Finno-Saamic than to Mari.