Finnic languages/isoglosses: Difference between revisions
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| 3PS || -∅ || colspan="8"| *-pi | | 3PS || -∅ || colspan="8"| *-pi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! colspan="7"| | ! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! colspan="7"| Gulf Finnic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *nc || *ns || *nc || colspan="7"| *ns | | *nc || *ns || *nc || colspan="7"| *ns | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "thigh" || || *raisi || colspan="7"| *reisi || ← Baltic *rais | | "thigh" || || *raisi || colspan="7"| *reisi || ← Baltic *rais | ||
|- | |||
| "excess" || || *leika || colspan="7"| *liika || vs. Baltic #leika? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "back" || *sälkä || *sälkä || colspan="7"| *selkä || Samic, Mari *selkä | | "back" || *sälkä || *sälkä || colspan="7"| *selkä || Samic, Mari *selkä | ||
| Line 33: | Line 35: | ||
| "shoe" || *käŋkä || *käŋkä || colspan="7"| *keŋkä || ← Gmc *skeŋka | | "shoe" || *käŋkä || *käŋkä || colspan="7"| *keŋkä || ← Gmc *skeŋka | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! Estonian !! Votic | ! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! Estonian !! Votic !! colspan="5"| North Finnic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "pole" || *saibas || *taibas || *teibäs || *seibäs || colspan="5"| *seibäs || ← Baltic *staibas | | "pole" || *saibas || *taibas || *teibäs || *seibäs || colspan="5"| *seibäs || ← Baltic *staibas | ||
| Line 42: | Line 44: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *e_B || ɤ || ɨ || colspan="2"| *ɤ || colspan="5"| *e | | *e_B || ɤ || ɨ || colspan="2"| *ɤ || colspan="5"| *e | ||
|- | |||
! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! Estonian !! Votic !! West Finnish !! colspan="4"| East Finnic | |||
| "home" || || || koto || || koto || colspan="4"| *koti || cf. *kota "hut" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! Estonian !! Votic !! West Finnish !! Ingrian !! Karelian !! East Finnish !! Veps | ! !! South Estonian !! Livonian !! Estonian !! Votic !! West Finnish !! Ingrian !! Karelian !! East Finnish !! Veps | ||
Revision as of 08:09, 23 January 2011
After Viitso 2000: Finnic affinity (among other things)
A ~ B marks conditional developments; A / B marks dialectal developments.
| Isogloss | South Estonian | Coastal Finnic | Notes | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *čk | tsk | *tk | ||||||||||||||||||
| *kc, *pc | ts | *ks, *ps | ||||||||||||||||||
| *kt, *pt | tt | *ht | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3PS | -∅ | *-pi | ||||||||||||||||||
| South Estonian | Livonian | Gulf Finnic | ||||||||||||||||||
| *nc | *ns | *nc | *ns | |||||||||||||||||
| "forest" | *metsa | *metsa | *metsä | ← Baltic *medja | ||||||||||||||||
| "wall" | *saina | *saina | *seinä | ← Baltic *saina | ||||||||||||||||
| "hay" | *haina | *haina | *heinä | ← Baltic *šaina | ||||||||||||||||
| "people" | *haimo | *heimo | ← Baltic *šaima | |||||||||||||||||
| "thigh" | *raisi | *reisi | ← Baltic *rais | |||||||||||||||||
| "excess" | *leika | *liika | vs. Baltic #leika? | |||||||||||||||||
| "back" | *sälkä | *sälkä | *selkä | Samic, Mari *selkä | ||||||||||||||||
| "shoe" | *käŋkä | *käŋkä | *keŋkä | ← Gmc *skeŋka | ||||||||||||||||
| South Estonian | Livonian | Estonian | Votic | North Finnic | ||||||||||||||||
| "pole" | *saibas | *taibas | *teibäs | *seibäs | *seibäs | ← Baltic *staibas | ||||||||||||||
| "to rise" | *nuuse- | *touse- | *noise- | *nouse- | origin unknown | |||||||||||||||
| *ns | ːs | ːs | *ːs | *ns | NB counterfeeding in Liv. | |||||||||||||||
| *e_B | ɤ | ɨ | *ɤ | *e | ||||||||||||||||
| South Estonian | Livonian | Estonian | Votic | West Finnish | East Finnic | "home" | koto | koto | *koti | cf. *kota "hut" | ||||||||||
| South Estonian | Livonian | Estonian | Votic | West Finnish | Ingrian | Karelian | East Finnish | Veps | ||||||||||||
| *str | tr | tr | tr | tr | *sr → hr | tr | *sr → zr | tr | *sr → zr | In loanwords only | ||||||||||
| *st | st | st | st | ss | st | ss | ss | st | st | |||||||||||
| *-P- | -P- | -B- | -B̥- | -P- | -P- | -P- | -P-/-B- | -P- | -B- | |||||||||||
| *ɑː | ɑː | ɔː | ɑː | ɑː | ɑː | oɑ | uɑ | ɑ | ||||||||||||
| *æː | æː | æː | eæ | æː | ɑː | eæ | iæ | æ | ||||||||||||
| *eː | eː | iˑe ~ eː | eː | eː | iɛ / iæ | ie | ie | ie | e | front environment | ||||||||||
| ɤː | ɨː | ɤː | ɤː | iɛ / iɑ | back environment | |||||||||||||||
| *oː | oː | uˑo ~ oː | oː | oː | uɔ | uo | uo | uo | o | |||||||||||
