Kala lexicon

Main Article: Kala

See also: Thematic Lexicon

General Lexica

• The majority of lexical units in Kala can have multiple roles.
• Most have a primary role, such as verb, noun or adjective, but almost all can serve in at least two roles.
• Because of this, this list is sorted alphabetically and not by part of speech or category.

• Abbreviations used:

• a = adjective
• acc = accusative
• adv = adverb
• con = conjunction
• cor = correlative
• det = determiner
• int = interjection
• n = noun
• nom = nominative
• num = numeral
• pt = particle
• pl = plural
• pref = prefix
• pn = prenominal (used before a noun)
• prep = preposition
• pv = preverbal (used before a verb)
• pron = pronoun
• q = question
• suf = suffix
• v = verb

pa ta ka ma na nya sa ha tsa tla ua la ya a

p

• pa - p - abilitative mood / "capable of…" / can / able
• pato - n - duck / aquatic bird
• paka - n - stupid / dumb / foolish / idiotic / fool / dummy / idiot / dunce
• paki - n - nut / seed
• pako - n / u - fresh / new / recent
• pamya - n - okra
• pana - n / u - dew / moisten / perspire / rain
• pano - n - cloth / rag / towel
• panya - n - rat / rodent
• pasu - n / u - spit / saliva [to expel from the mouth]
• pasua - u - swell / expand / grow larger / wider / thicker
• paha - n / p - luck / chance / fortune / risk
• pahe - p - between / amid / among / during
• patlo - n / u - sweep / brush
• pala - n - point / direct / shovel / spade / oar
• palo - n - stick / twig / branch / cane / staff
• pa'o - n / p - eight / 8
• pe - n / u - mark / scratch / dot / diacritic
• peta - n - map / visual representation of an area
• peka - n - bat [mammal]
• pesoka - n / u - go and meet or see / [make a] visit
• petsa - n - mild / soft
• petso - n - belly / torso
• pela - u - inherit / receive
• pelako - n - heir
• pelana - n - knee
• peya - n - particle / article
• pita - n / u - empty / devoid of content
• piko - n - navel / belly button
• piku - n - buttock / ass
• pitsa - n - pizza
• pila - u - crush / rip / saw
• po - p - in-law
• poto - n / u - photograph / picture / image
• puka - n / u - rotten / putrid / spoiled / rot / spoil
• puku - n - clothes / dress / garment / wear
• pukuna - n - gown
• pukue - n / u - blow / blowfish
• pumanka - n - tundra [frozen soil]
• punka - n - fruit
• puna - n - dirt / soil / sand / dust
• punya - n / u - stab
• pusu - n / u - shock / surprise / ambush
• puha - n - gill / nostril / lung
• puana - n - god / deity
• puaha - n - fruit [part of plant / food]
• pue - p - according to / after / behind
• puetsa - n - octopus
• pya - p - attemptive mood
• pye - p - middle / in the middle
• pyeta - n - egg / embryo / testicle
• pyoki - n / u - to be sick / ill
• pyola - u - rotate / turn / revolve / spin / roll

t

• ta - n / p - you [2s] / masculine
• tapa - n / u - covering / lid / roof
• tapana - u - adopt
• taka - n / u - esteem / honor / respect
• takolo - n - peach (tree or fruit)
• takue - n - feather
• tam - n - you [pl]
• tama - n - good / fine / well / complete
• tamaka - n - eagle / hawk / falcon
• tamako - n - legitimate (non-bastard)
• tamyo - n - your (plural)
• tana - u - fight / combat / battle
• tanu - n - plate / dish / platter
• tanya - u - spoil
• tasa - n / u - hunt / track / scout / seek
• tasako - n - detective
• taso - n / u - level / standard
• taha - n / u - big / grand / large
• tahe - p - below / under
• tahi - n - son / boy
• tahika - n - grandson
• tatseka - n - adposition / preposition
• tatsi - n / u - stand
• tala - u - come / return
• tali - n - metal
• ta'o - n / p - two / 2
• ta'oko - n - twin
• taue - n - cousin [male]
• taya - n / u - cut / slice
• tayo - n - your(s) [2s.POSS]
• tayoma - n - Friday
• te - p - relative prefix (-al) | from / out of / since / of
• tepa - n / p - later / late / lately
• tena - n - hindrance / obstacle
• teloli - n - woodpecker
• teyemi - n - expression / locution / phrase
• tipa - n / p - OK / okay / all right / alright / good / acceptable
• tipua - u - drop / fall / plummet
• tima - n / u - blood / bleed
• timu - n - east
• tinali - n - old / old-fashioned or antiquated
• tiya - n - bread
• to - n - manner / method / path / way / road / street
• to ka - n / p - how
• topa - n - bed / mattress
• topu - u - jump / propel
• tok - n / p - no way
• tokua - n / p - every way
• tomo - n / u - enter / servant
• tohi - n - broccoli / cabbage / cauliflower
• tohyome - n - road surface or pavement
• tola - n / p - any way

k

• ka - p - interrogative particle
• kapa - u - suffice / be enough / sufficient / adequate
• kapunu - n - melon
• kata - n - essence / nature / universe
• katama - n - duty / obligation
• katona - n - excess / overwhelming amount / too much
• kam - n - they / them
• kampa - p - cheers!
• kama - n - city / town / village
  • tlikama - n - municipality
  • kamako - n - villager / resident of a city
  • kamaha - n - metropolis / city
• kamala - n - lunar / moon
• kame - n - jar / pot / urn
• kamu - n - savage / wild
• kamusa - n - dictionary
• kanka - n - corn / maize
• kana - u - command / lead
• kanu - n - any stringed instrument
• kanyo - n / u - ask / question
• kasa - n - bamboo / umbrella, parasol, parachute
• kasi - n / u - infect / infection
• kasuma - n - onion
• kahaku - n - science / study / [chemistry]
• kahami - n - mirror / reflective surface
• kahe - n - shadow / shade / obscure image
• kahi - n - key / device designed to open and close a lock
• kahila - n - ankle
• kahu - n - furniture
• katsa - n / u - brave / bravery
• katsi - n - dignity / worth
• kala - n / u - tongue; language / speech / discourse | say / tell / utter / speak / talk
• kalako - n - speaker (person)
• kalimi - n - atmosphere / climate / weather
• kalitsa - n - thick / chunky / solid / stocky / thickset
• ka'e - p - at / to / toward
• ka'o - n / p - seven / 7
• kaua - n - coffee
  • kauakyo - n - instant coffee
  • kauamo - n - cafe, coffee shop, canteen
• kaya - n - earth / planet
• kayoma - n - Wednesday
• ke - p - the / a / topic marker
• ke ama - p - (relative) when | when
• keputsa - n - group / communion / collective
• keta - n / u - behave / act a certain way
• kemelo - n - calf [of leg]
• kenta - u - forgive
• keha - n - anatomy / body / corpse
• ketla - n - red
• keyo - n / u - description / figure of speech / qualification
• ki - n / p - life force / ordinal marker
• kipa - n / u - bite / chew / tooth
• kipo - n / u - aspire / hope / wish
• kita - n - calligraphy / north
• kima - p - like / as / similar
• kintala - n - collating sequence
• kina - n - mammal
• kiso - n - base / basic / basis / ground / root
• kitsa - n - darkness
• kitla - u - create / invent / make-up
• kilatsi - n - cherry
• kilini - n - giraffe
• ko - n / p - agent(ive) / -er / person
• ko…ka - n / p - who / whom
• kopa - n - mushroom / fungi
• kopati - u - dig / move earth
• koto - n / u - drum / rhythm / beat
• kompo - n - seaweed
• komputa - n - computer / programmable device
• koni - n - skunk
• kono - n - gray / rock / stone
• kosetsa - n / u - harvest / crop
• koho - n / u - float / buoyant device / be supported by a liquid
• kohu - n / u - fog / mist / steam
• kohua - n / p - everyone
• kotso - n - earthenware / ceramic
• kola - n / p - anyone
• koli - n - tail
• koliya - n - axiom / convention
• kolo - n - notch / groove / indentation / hole
• ko'a - n / p - that person
• koyo - p - whose / of who
• ku - n / u - amount / to count / number / quantity
• ku…ka - n / p - how many? / how much?
• kuma - n - bear / ursine
  • tlikuma - n - a sleuth of bears
  • kuman - a - bearish / bearlike
  • kuma'a - n - (pl) bears
• kunta - n - army / military force
• kuna - n / u - excrete / expel / defecate / shit
• kusa - n - throat / neck
• kusu - u - push [away] / press / shove / squeeze
• kuha - u - cook / prepare food
• kutsu - n - flesh / meat
• kula - n / p - any amount
• kuli - n / u - voice
• kua - n / p - all / every / each
• kuama - n / p - always / eternal / all time / forever
• kuanye - p - in relation to / with respect to / as regards / concerning / regarding
• kuatla - n - snake / reptile
• kuepa - n / u - escape
• kueta - n - spring [season]
• kuetsa - n - cigarette
• kueli - n - rights / legal entitlement
• kuya - n - green / grass / foliage
• kya - p - imperative / jussive / command particle
• kyampi - n - affix
• kyepe - n - zig-zag / diagonal line / sharp turn
• kyehu - n / u - period of rest / break
• kye'o - n / p - hundred thousand / 10^5
• kyopu - n / u - fear
• kyopuha - n / u - terror / terrorize
• kyoma - n - barren place / desert
• kyosa - n / u - sex / copulation
• kyoha - p - goodbye / bye
• kyohi - n / u - refuse / decline / reject
• kyoli - n - interspace / spacing / distance / interval
• kyolo - n - fast / quick / rapid

m

• mpa - p - v > a [drink > drinkable / inu > inumpa]
• mpaka - n - boundary / border / line
• mpanko - n / u - plan / scheme / outline
• mpana - n - broad / wide / width
• mpelo - n - buzzard
• mpila - n - ball [game]
• mponto - n - cassava [leaves]
• mpuni - n - ostrich
• mha - p - much / many / a lot
• ma - p / u - and / also / as well / plus / more
• mapi - n - finger
• mata - u - kill / murder
• mak - n / p - no more / cease / desist
• maka - n - music
• makano - n - musical instrument
• makaho - n - musician
• makena - n - appliance / device / instrument / machine
• maku - n - pillow
• makupu - n - complex / composite
• manka - n - cold / low temperature
• mana - n - power / strength
• manya - p - another time / different time / later
• manyo - n / u - size
• masa - n - deer / cervine
• mase - n / u - dance / move to music
• masula - n - pipe [smoking utensil]
• mahe - n / p - approximately / around / close to
• matsatli - n - pineapple
• matla - n - casserole / goulash / soup / stew
• matli - n / u - correlate / correspond
• mala - n - bad / negative / unfavorable / wrong
• mali - p - again
• malina - n - raspberry
• malo - n - brown
• ma'a - p - in company of / together / using / with
• ma'ak - p - without / apart / separate / except
• ma'e - p - before / in front of
• ma'eno - n - priority
• ma'o - n / p - four / 4
• maya - n - fluid / water / wet
• mayoma - n - Sunday
• me - p - passive participle prefix (-ed)
• mekutsi - n - slug
• menya - u - become / begin to be / come to be / turn into
• metla - n / u - flute / sound of wind / whistle
• melonka - n - apricot
• minti - n / u - lie / tell intentional untruth
• mina - n - south
• mihu - n - cat / feline
• mitsika - n - short [in height and from end to edge]
• mitla - n - arrow / dart
• mo - n / p - locate / location / locative / place / where
• mo ka - n - where
• moto - n / u - memory / remember
• mok - n / p - nowhere / no place
• moku - n / u - sleep / rest
• mokua - n - everywhere
• mosa - n - book
• mosima - n - season
• motsa - n - banana
• motso - n / u - wave / undulation
• mola - n / p - anywhere
• moya - n / u - glyph / mark / symbol / write
• muta - n - back / spine / dorsal / vertebrae
• munta - u - change / alter / transform
• muna - u - care / worry / important
• mune - n - breast / chest / bust
• muha - n - monk / nun
• muhe - n / u - sad / grieve
• mua - p - active participle (added to v: a ...ing / n thing that is ...ing)
• muapaka - u - set apart for a particular use or person / appropriate
• muata - n / u - polite / well mannered
• muana - n - ocean / sea
• muanya - n - opening made by breaking or parting / gap / hole
• muahi - n - bee / honey bee (insect: genus Apis)
• muahika - n - bumblebee (insect: genus Bombus)
• muahiko - n - beekeeper
• muahimo - n - beehive / apiary
• muatso - n / u - start / beginning
• mue'o - n / p - ten thousand / 10^4
• muya - n / u - do / labor / make / work
• mya - p - adj / n > verb [-ize / -fy]
• mye - p - do again / redo
• myo - p - permissive mood affix
• myonta - u - allow / grant / permit / tolerate

n

• nta - n - camel
• ntama - n - calf
• ntai - n - baby / infant
• nte'o - n / p - one million / 10^6
• ntimu - n - lemon
• nkapa - n - alcohol / grog
• nkata - n / u - agree / agreement
• nki - p - few / not many
• nkonto - n / u - flow [the movement of liquid]
• nkumu - n - burden / cumbersome / difficult
• nkunka - n - eel
• na - n / p - I [1s] / feminine
• napita - n - wine
• napu - n / u - treaty / agreement / promise / pact
• nata - n - relative
• nataha - n - ancestor
• natahi - n - descendant
• nataue - n - cousin
• natepe - n - round / circle / circular
• nato - n - straight [direction]
• naka - n - female / feminine / woman
• nam - n - we / us
• nama - u - grow / rise / rear / raise
• namaka - n - salt
• namyo - n - our(s)
• nasa - u - birth / born / beget
• nasi - n - pear [fruit / tree]
• naso - n - lupine / wolf
• naha - n - river / stream
• nahe - p - during / hence / in / inside / into / within
• nahi - n - daughter / girl
• nahika - n - granddaughter
• naho - n / u - grammar / regulate / rule
• natsu - n - summer
• natsua - u - let go / release
• nala - n / u - enlighten / enlightenment
• nalo - n / u - laugh / expression of mirth peculiar to the human species / smile
• na'aso - n - lizard
• na'e - p - on
• na'o - n / p - one / 1
• naua - n / u - rope / cord / string / tie a knot
• naue - n - cousin [female]
• nayo - n - my / mine [1s.POSS]
• nayoma - n - Thursday
• nekama - n / u - retaliatory action / revenge
• neku - n - winter (snowy season)
• nemeli - n - damp[ness] / humid[ity] / moist[ness]
• nemila - n - ant
• nipue - n - dull [not sharp]
• nika - n - dog / canine
• niki - n / u - hate
• nimu - n / u - work / labor / task
• nisi - n - west
• niha - n - lovable / kind / nice / endearing / pleasant / likeable / affable
• niua - n - yard
• niya - n - reasoning / thought / argument / reason / motive / purpose
• no - n - instrument / object / thing
• no ka - n - what
• nopa - n / u - stretch
• nota - n / u - lie / be in horizontal position
• nok - n / p - nothing
• noko - u - continue unchanged / remain / stay behind
• nokua - n / p - everything
• nom - n - things
• nonta - n / u - prostitution
• nosa - n - subject / theme
• noho - n - chickpea / garbanzo
• nola - n / p - anything
• noya - n / u - satisfied / content / happy
• nuku - n / u - hate / detest
• nula - n / u - lick

ny

• nya - p - by / for
• nyamu - n - mosquito / fly
• nyasa - p - thank (you)
• nyahi - n - white / snow
• nyalo - n / u - telephone / communication device
• nya'a - n / u - hunger / need food
• nya'e - p - for / in order to / benefiting / on behalf of
• nye - n / p - because / reason / since
• nye ka - n - why
• nyepa - n - cloud
• nyek - n / p - no reason
• nyekua - n / p - every reason
• nyesa - n - ox / cow / bull / bovine
• nyela - n - arrowhead
• nyeli - n - pink
• nye'o - n / p - hundred / 100
• nyo - p - n > v [ clothing > to wear clothing ]
• nyopa - n / u - poor
• nyota - n / u - thirst / thirsty
• nyoma - n - rice

s

• sa - n - peace / tranquility / well-being
• sata - n - morpheme / word
• satila - n - sandwich
• saka - n - quiver / arrow container
• sakana - n - fish
• sakisu - n - tick / arthropod / louse
• sakotsu - n - clavicle / collarbone
• saku - n / u - tear / split / separate
• sama - n - sun / solar / star
• sana - n - health / well-being
• sahi - n - color
• sahya - n / u - right / correct / free from error
• satsu - u - scrub / rub / scour
• sala - n - chamber / room / section
  • salaha - n - living room, drawing room, great room, hall
• salali - n - squirrel
• sa'o - n / p - nine / 9
• sayo - n - period of 19 days / calendar month
• sayoma - n - calendar / date (on calendar)
• sayoli - n - fly (the insect)
• sepa - n / u - hurt / injure / wound
• seta - n - flat / silk / smooth
• setona - n - olive
• seka - n - dry / sharp / strict
• sempo - n - abacus
• sema - n - week (7 days)
• senta - u - mock / make fun of / mimic / imitate
• senu - n - hair
• seya - n / u - seal / stamp
• sipa - n - frequent(ly) / often | forehead
• sipo - n / u - fat / lard / grease
• sikua - n - pig / hog / swine / pork
• sima - n / u - recline / relax / sit / seat / chair
• sinka - n - lion
• sinu - n / u - die / death / (be) dead
• sitsa - n - hot / high temperature / warm
• sitsama - n - geyser / water heater / boiler / warmer
• siue - n - herb / leaf
• sopoko - n - gray
• soto - n - equal / even / same
• soka - n / u - introduce / introduction
• sokitla - n - mud
• sokitlan - n - muddy
• sokuya - n - lime
• sonyo - n - wrist
• sotla - n - foot / leg
• soye - n - index / list
• su - n - kind / type / genre / sort
• su ka - n - what kind
• supu - n - dawn / morning
• suta - u - live / reside / dwell / live in / inhabit / settle (a home)
• suk - n / p - no kind
• suka - n - vinegar / acid
• sukua - n / p - every kind
• suma - n - window
• suha - n / u - tongue / mouth / taste
• sula - n / p - any kind
• suama - n / u - sew / seam / mend
• suala - n - heavy
• suaye - n - evening [ time of day]

h

• ha - n / p - he / she / him / her | augmentative suffix
• hapo - u - suck / inhale / absorb
• haka - n - great-grand
• hakama - n - pant / short [garments worn on lower body]
• haku - n / u - vomit / regurgitate
• hama - u - defend / ward off
• hamo - n - fish-hook
• hamu - n / p - ash / bit by bit
• hanya - n - land / a country or region
• hasuka - n - date / fig
• hala - p - greetings / hello
• hali - n - dairy / milk
• halisi - n - original / first in a series / primal
• ha'o - n / p - three / 3
• haya - n - animal / beast
• hayo - n - his / her(s)
• hayoma - n - Saturday
• hena - n - piece / part / fraction / strip / scrap
• heua - n - sky / oxygen
• heya - n / u - need / have an absolute requirement for
• hi - p - not much / liitle / small | diminutive suffix
• hita - u - throw / cast / expel
• hika - n / u - halt / stop / wait
• hinta - n / u - cost / price
• hina - n / p - here / to here / hither
• hitsua - n - just / morally fair / righteous
• hota - n / u - serve /
• hoto - p - almost / very close
• hok - n - no one / nobody
• hono - n - port / harbor
• honu - n - turtle / sea turtle
• hoso - n / u - keep / save / store for future use
• huk - n / p - none
• hukua - n / p - every amount
• huma - n - hummus
• hua - n - flower / plant
• huata - n - shelf / stair
• hue - n - cucumber / pumpkin / watermelon
• huetla - n - peanut
• hyeka - n - sand / beach / finely ground rock
• hyo - u - must / be required
• hyota - n - juice
• hyome - n - surface

ts

• tsa - p - already
• tsapa - n / u - ebdeavor / struggle
• tsataka - n - fowl / chicken
• tsaka - n - house / home / abode
• tsaku - n / u - idea / thought / conception
• tsanka - n / u - tire / become bored with / be fed up of
• tsana - n / u - meditation / contemplation
• tsani - n - story / tale
• tsasu - n - cursive
• tsala - n - paste / sauce
• tsalo - n - clear [transparent in color]
• tsa'a - p - please
• tsa'e - p - beyond / past / across / through
• tsa'i - n - tea
• tsa'o - n / p - six / 6
• tsayoma - n - Tuesday
• tsepe - n - ear
• tseka - u - pull / draw near / tug / tow / yank
• tseneua - n - clear / opaque / transparent
• tse'e - u - appear / be perceived as / seem
• tseuali - n - chart / graph
• tsipana - n - leaf
• tsiti - n - automobile / vehicle
• tsikua - n / u - avian / bird / fly / glide
• tsima - n - hour / period / time
• tsini - n - sugar
• tsihi - n / u - compassion / mercy / sympathy / empathize
• tsiya - n - freedom / liberty
• tso - n - continual / habitual marker
• tsoka - u - bump / collide with / strike
• tsokuta - n - intestine / bowel / guts
• tsoma - n / u - tobacco (plant / leaves) | smoke / smolder
• tsonyo - n / u - alert / attentive
• tsola - n - fox / Vulpes
• tsu - n / u - use / employment | use / utilize / wear (clothes)
• tsupa - n - saliva
• tsuku - n - blue
• tsumpa - u - buy / purchase
• tsumi - n - guilt / sin / offense
• tsunka - n - insect / bug / worm
• tsunkua - n - orange [fruit/tree/color]
• tsulesa - n - wire
• tsuali - n / u - thunder
• tsue - p - position / stance / posture
• tsuya - n / u - most important / principal / main
• tsuyo - n - armadillo

tl

• tla - n / p - it [4s] [inanimate / abstract] / "language of" / spouse
• tlapa - n - horn / metal musical instrument / elephant noise
• tlato - n / u - chant
• tlaka - n - man / masculine / male
• tlakenta - u - build / construct / erect
• tlaki - u - meet
• tlam - n - it [pl] [inanimate / abstract]
• tlamila - u - complain
• tlana - n - human [being]
• tlanata - n - spouse
• tlani - n / u - curse
• tlatsa - n / u - fire / burn
• tlatso - p - lastly / finally / last / final
• tla'ota - n - husband
• tla'ona - n - wife
• tlaya - n / u - marriage / marry / matrimony / wed / wedding
• tle - p - up / away from earth’s centre / abstract adverb of motion
• tlena - n - slow / gradual / sluggish
• tlela - n / u - bathe / clean / purify / wash
• tle'o - n / p - thousand / 10^3
• tli - p - future tense / collective plural
• tlipa - u - purchase / buy
• tlika - n - family / clan / kin
• tlikata - n - family name
• tliki - n - sulfur [color / element]
• tlima - u - plough
• tlinta - n / u - guard
• tliha - p - excuse me
• tlitsi - n / u - reasoning / capacity of the human mind
• tlila - n - purple / mauve / violet / lilac
• tloto - n - lake / pond
• tloko - n - syllable
• tlotsua - n / u - corrode / rust
• tlo'u - n - elephant

ua

• ua - det / pron - or / or else / otherwise
• uatla - cor / det / pron - that (one)
• uatli - a - inferior / of lower quality
• uato - det / pron - that way
• uaka - n - boat / canoe / vessel
• uako - n - bovine / cow
• uaku - det / pron - that amount / much
• uama - det / pron - then / that time
• uana - cor / prep - there / far / distant
• uanata - n - sibling
• uanatahi - n - sibling's child
• uani - n - alligator / crocodile
• uanye - det / pron - that reason
• uanyo - n - gulf / embayment
• uaso - n - drinking glass [cup] / vessel / jug / pot
• uasu - det / pron - that kind
• uahe - n / v - bother / problem / trouble
• uala - adv - truthfully / verily
• ualali - n - dolphin
• ua'e - prep - above / over / on / about / concerning
• uaye - prep - away from / hence
• ue - suf - prefer to / want to / volitive suffix
• ueta - n - uncle
• uetahi - n - nephew
• uenku - n - spleen
• uena - n - aunt
• uenata - n - parent's sibling
• uenahi - n - niece
• ueso - n - bone
• ueha - n / v - intent / volition / will
• uela - n / v - sail [boat]
• ue'o - det / num - ten / 10

y

• ya - int / pt / suf - hello! / hi! / hey! / yoo-hoo! / vocative particle / (n / a) -ness / -ity / -hood / -ship
• yato - n - hand / palm
• yaka - n - appendage / leg
• yakota - n - (straw)berry
• yama - n - mountain / hill / pile / mound
  • tliyama - n - mountain range
  • yamato - n - mountaineering
  • yamako - n - mountaineer (someone who lives in or climbs mountains for sport or pleasure)
  • yaman - a - mountainous
  • yama'a - n - (pl) mountains / hills
• yana - a - yellow
• yane - prep - along / beside / by / next to / until / up to
• yasa - n - air / breeze / wind
• yaso - v - prepare / ready
• yala - n / v - go / walk / travel / journey
• ya'ate - int - greetings / hello
• ya'o - det / num - five / 5
• yaua - n / v - answer / response
• ye - suf - (n / v) past tense marker
• yetsi - n - chair / stool / cushion
• yeta - v - give / donate / transfer
• yete - a - spacious / vast
• yena - n - money / coin / cash
• yenaki - n - willow
• yeno - a / v - full / filled / complete
• yesa - a / v - peaceful / quiet / tranquil
• yelo - n / v - ice [frozen liquid] / freeze
• yeua - v - taste / sample
• yo - suf - pronominal possessive suffix / genitive
• yopi - n - post / mail
• yotsuki - n - ring finger
• yoti - n / v - play / game
• yoto - adv - in this way / like this / thus
• yototsi - n - armadillo
• yoma - n - day / period of sunlight
• yomatli - n - tomorrow
• yomaya - n - Monday
• yomaye - n - yesterday
• yomo - n - right [direction]
• yomu - v - read / recite
• yoso - n - left [direction]
• yoha - n / v - possession / to have / own
• yohua - n - night
• yolo - n - heart [organ / shape / core]

a

• a - int / v - yes / be / exist
• a ka - q - what? / huh? / eh?
• ahi - a - tiny
• ahiya - n - potato
• ahuaku - n - avocado
• ahuetso - n - otter
• ak - cor / det - no / not / none
• aka - v - budge / move slightly
• akai / ketla - a / n - red
• akata - a - intelligent / smart / wise
• aki - n - autumn / fall
• ala - n - wing
• ale - n - grain / wheat
• am - n - plural
• ama - n - time / season / era
• amahako - a - eldest
• amak - adv / cor - never at all / not even once / at no time
• amala - det / pron - anytime
• amatli - n - future
• amaye - n - past
• ame - n - axe / hatchet
• amha - n - abundance / ample sufficiency
• ami - a / adv - friendly / likeable
• amiko - n - ally / friend
• amo - n / v - carry / move / transport
• an - suf - adjectives into adverbs (slow > slowly)
• ana - n - head
• anika - v - suspended by hanging / hung
• anta - n / v - breathe / exchange gases / draw air in and out
• anu - v - hear / listen
• anya - n / v - eye / look / see
• anyo - n - year
• apelika - n - Africa
• aposi - n - outhouse / toilette
• apua - n / v - sing / music / song
• apukita - n - abugida
• apyate - n - abjad
• asa - adv / v - live / alive
• asalo - n - skin / bark [of a tree] / animal hide
• aso - v - broil / grill
• ata - n / v - name / named / noun
• atahi - n - nickname
• atao - a - patronymic / metronymic
• ati - a - plain / normal / ordinary / regular
• a'e - prep - against / in spite of / opposite
• auana - n - mouth
• aya - a / v - beauty / to be beautiful
• ayempa - n - table / desk / flat work surface
• e - pref - acc pronoun prefix / infix
• empa - v - move quickly / run
• enapa - n - grape
• enka - a - narrow / tight / thin
• enoho - a / n / v - anger / angry / upset / mad
• enye - prep - outside / out
• e'o - det / num - zero / 0 / nothing
• etlika - n - plum
• etoso - n - forefinger
• eya - adv / n - maybe
• i - suf / pref - self / auto- [reflexive] / proximal demonstrative / fractional
• iha - cor / n - few / some
• ihako - cor / n - somebody / someone
• ihaku - det / pron - some [amount]
• ihama - det / pron - sometime
• ihamo - det / pron - somewhere
• ihano - det / pron - something
• ihanye - det / pron - some reason
• ihasu - det / pron - some kind
• ihato - det / pron - somehow
• ihu - n / v - nose / smell
• iko - cor - this one / person
• iku - cor - this much
• ima - a / adv - now / yet / occasion
• imahi - n - instant / moment
• imak - adv - not now
• ina - n / v - consume / eat / food / sustenance
• inata - n - child / kid / minor / offspring
• inka - a / v - not moving / still
• inu - n / v - beverage / drink / liquid
• inye - cor - this reason
• isu - cor - this kind
• isuku - n / v - hit / slap / strike
• itai / tai - suf - adj > n [-ness / -ity] (slow > slowness)
• itla - det / pron - this (one)
• itla ka - q - what's this? / what's up?
• ito - n - tree / wood
• itomha - n - forest / trees
• itsa - n / v - affection / care / love
• itsome - n - angle / corner
• iya - con / n / suf - conditional / if / maybe / (n / a) -ness / -ity / -hood / -ship / v > n -ance
• iyoma - adv - today
• oheto - det / pron - however
• oka - n / v - bake / cook
• oka'a - n - yam
• oku - n - owl
• olika - n - small fish
• omato - n - conscience
• omena - n - apple
• omo - n / v - business / commerce / exchange / trade
• omu - n / v - think / speculate / plan / consider
• ona - n - mother
• onaha - n - grandmother
• onahaka - n - great-grandmother
• onata - n - parent / adult
• onataha - n - grandparent
• onatahaka - n - great-grandparent
• onaua - n - sister
• ono - n / v - delight
• ontahok - n - bastard / orphan
• ohola - n - gold [ color / element / coin ]
• opana - n - liver [ organ ]
• opyeti - n / v - hug / embrace
• opyola - n - cheese
• oso - n - genitalia
• ota - n - father
• otaha - n - grandfather
• otahaka - n - great-grandfather
• otaua - n - brother
• ote - cor - whichever
• oteko - cor - whoever
• oteku - det / pron - however much
• otema - cor - whenever
• otemo - cor - wherever
• oteno - cor - whatever
• otenye - cor - why ever
• otesu - cor - whichever kind
• oti - adv / v - complete / end / finish
• ouate - a - worn out
• oya - a / n - black / dark
• oyo - n - bead / small round object
• oyoku - v - swim / move through water
• uka - v - bake / cook
• ukaha - a - vertical
• uku - v - stop / halt / cease
• ukuta - n - barrier / wall
• ula - det / pron - any
• ulana - n - wool / cloth
• ulanye - det / pron - any reason
• uma - n - horse / equine
• umoya - n / v - unity / unite
• umua - n / v - ache / pain
• unya - v - know / understand / knowledge
• upuka - a / n - horizon
• upya - v - attempt / try
• usena - n - lip
• usuna - a - tall / long
• uta - prep - for / in order to / benefiting / on behalf of
• uyanahi - n - wire

Index

grammar outline | sentences | questions | lexicon | thematic lexicon | writing