Khanty: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(rconstruction & shit) |
(→Vowels) |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
Khanty dialects generally have a distinction between full and overshort vowels. This correlates with the long-short distinction of [[Mansi]], and is transcribed here as geminate vs. single. | Khanty dialects generally have a distinction between full and overshort vowels. This correlates with the long-short distinction of [[Mansi]], and is transcribed here as geminate vs. single. | ||
Many vowels develop different near to velar consonant, which is mark'd by <Vˠ>. | Many vowels develop different near to velar consonant, which is mark'd by <Vˠ>. Some dialects trigger labialization in following velars, markd by <Vʷ>. | ||
{| class=wikitable | {| class=wikitable | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vowel↓ · Dialect→ !! Vax- | ! Vowel↓ · Dialect→ !! Vax-Vasjugan !! Tremjugan-Jugan !! Demj-Konda !! Nizjam !! Kazym !! Obdorsk !! vs. Mansi !! Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *uu || uu || uu || | | *uu || uu || uu || yy, uuˠ || u || u || uu || *uu ([oo]?) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *ɯɯ || ɯɯ || ɯɯ || ii, eeˠ ||rowspan="3"| i ||rowspan="3"| i ||rowspan="3"| ii || *ɯɯ ([ɤɤ]?), *a | | *ɯɯ || ɯɯ || ɯɯ || ii, eeˠ ||rowspan="3"| i ||rowspan="3"| i ||rowspan="3"| ii || *ɯɯ ([ɤɤ]?), *a | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *ii || ii | | | *ii || ii || ii ||rowspan="2"| ii || *ii ([ee]?) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *yy || yy | | *yy || yy || iiʷ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *oo || oo || o, a ||rowspan="2"| uu ||rowspan="2"| uu ||rowspan="2"| oo ||rowspan="2"| oo || *aa, *a, *å | | *oo || oo || o, a ||rowspan="2"| uu, ooˠ ||rowspan="2"| uu ||rowspan="2"| oo ||rowspan="2"| oo || *aa, *a, *å | ||
| Zhivlov: VV & TJ /uu/ (vs. *a) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| *ɔɔ || ɔɔ || oo || | | *ɔɔ || ɔɔ || oo || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *ɑɑ || ɑɑ || ɒɒ || oo || | | *ɑɑ || ɑɑ || ɒɒ || oo, ɑɑˠ || ɔɔ || ɔɔ || ɑɑ || *ɯɯ, *ɑɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *ee || ee || aa ||rowspan="2"| ee ||rowspan="2"| ee ||rowspan="2"| ee ||rowspan="2"| ee || *ää, *ä | | *ee || ee || aa ||rowspan="2"| ee ||rowspan="2"| ee ||rowspan="2"| ee ||rowspan="2"| ee || *ää, *ä | ||
| Zhivlov: VV & TJ /ii/ (vs. *ä), N&K #jee- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| *øø || øø || aa, ø || | | *øø || øø || aa, ø || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| *ææ || ææ || | | *ææ || ææ || aa ||rowspan="2"| aa ||rowspan="2"| ɑɑ ||rowspan="2"| ɑɑ ||rowspan="2"| aa || *ii | ||
| Sammallahti: TJ /ɒɒ/ ? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| *ɶɶ || œœ || | | *ɶɶ || œœ || eeʷ || | ||
| Zhivlov: Konda & O. /oo/ / _k | |||
|- | |- | ||
| *o || o || o ||rowspan="2"| ɑ ||rowspan="2"| o ||rowspan="2"| o ||rowspan="2"| ɑ || *a, *å | | *o || o || o ||rowspan="2"| ɑ ||rowspan="2"| o ||rowspan="2"| o ||rowspan="2"| ɑ || *a, *å | ||
| Line 42: | Line 46: | ||
===Isoglosses=== | ===Isoglosses=== | ||
====Proto-Khanty to VV==== | <!--====Proto-Khanty to VV==== | ||
Generally unchanged, save for the following purely phonetic changes: | Generally unchanged, save for the following purely phonetic changes: | ||
* ɵ → ø | * ɵ → ø | ||
| Line 49: | Line 53: | ||
====Proto-Khanty to TJ==== | ====Proto-Khanty to TJ==== | ||
* *yy → ii (shared with DK~O) | * *yy → ii (shared with DK~O) | ||
* *ææ → ɑɑ | <!--* *ææ → ɑɑ--> | ||
* Vowel rotation | * Vowel rotation | ||
** *oo → o, ɑ | ** *oo → o, ɑ | ||
| Line 72: | Line 76: | ||
====DK-N-K-O to Obdorsk==== | ====DK-N-K-O to Obdorsk==== | ||
(no change!) | (no change!) | ||
--> | |||
Revision as of 10:47, 16 June 2010
Spoken in Western Siberia, Khanty forms the eastern half of the Ob-Ugric languages. It has usually been treated as a single language divided in many dialects, tho a division into a small family of 3-4 languages may be more appropriate. The historical phonology of Khanty has been problematic in Uralistics.
Vowels
Khanty dialects generally have a distinction between full and overshort vowels. This correlates with the long-short distinction of Mansi, and is transcribed here as geminate vs. single.
Many vowels develop different near to velar consonant, which is mark'd by <Vˠ>. Some dialects trigger labialization in following velars, markd by <Vʷ>.
| Vowel↓ · Dialect→ | Vax-Vasjugan | Tremjugan-Jugan | Demj-Konda | Nizjam | Kazym | Obdorsk | vs. Mansi | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *uu | uu | uu | yy, uuˠ | u | u | uu | *uu ([oo]?) | |
| *ɯɯ | ɯɯ | ɯɯ | ii, eeˠ | i | i | ii | *ɯɯ ([ɤɤ]?), *a | |
| *ii | ii | ii | ii | *ii ([ee]?) | ||||
| *yy | yy | iiʷ | ||||||
| *oo | oo | o, a | uu, ooˠ | uu | oo | oo | *aa, *a, *å | Zhivlov: VV & TJ /uu/ (vs. *a) |
| *ɔɔ | ɔɔ | oo | ||||||
| *ɑɑ | ɑɑ | ɒɒ | oo, ɑɑˠ | ɔɔ | ɔɔ | ɑɑ | *ɯɯ, *ɑɑ | |
| *ee | ee | aa | ee | ee | ee | ee | *ää, *ä | Zhivlov: VV & TJ /ii/ (vs. *ä), N&K #jee- |
| *øø | øø | aa, ø | ||||||
| *ææ | ææ | aa | aa | ɑɑ | ɑɑ | aa | *ii | Sammallahti: TJ /ɒɒ/ ? |
| *ɶɶ | œœ | eeʷ | Zhivlov: Konda & O. /oo/ / _k | |||||
| *o | o | o | ɑ | o | o | ɑ | *a, *å | |
| *ɑ | ɑ | ɑ | ||||||
| *e | e | e | e | ɑ | ɑ | a | *i | |
| *ɵ | ø | ɵ | ɵ | u | u | uu | *ü |
Isoglosses
- Vowel rotation
- *oo → o, ɑ
- *ɔɔ → oo
- *ɑɑ → ɒɒ
- *ee → aa
- *øø → aa, ø
- *ɶɶ → ee
Proto-Khanty to Proto-DK-N-K-O
- Labiality mergers etc: *ɯɯ *yy → ii, *ɔɔ → oo, *øø → *ee, *ɶɶ → *ææ, *o → ɑ,
- subsequently *ææ → aa
DK-N-K-O to DK
- *oo → *uu
DK-N-K-O to Proto-N-K
- Long full vowels shorten: *uu *ii → u i
- Lo vowel backing: *ɑɑ → ɒɒ, *aa → ɑɑ, *a → ɑ
- In Nizjam only, *oo → uu (shared with DK)
DK-N-K-O to Obdorsk
(no change!) -->
