Dwekoenish: Difference between revisions
m (→Nouns) |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| subbranch = Northwestern Hovalic | | subbranch = Northwestern Hovalic | ||
| wordorder = VSO | | wordorder = VSO | ||
| type = | | type = Fusional | ||
| alignment = nominative-accusative | | alignment = nominative-accusative | ||
| author = Stelvojoj | | author = Stelvojoj | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Near-back ||colspan=2| Back | | ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Near-back ||colspan=2| Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || {{IPA|i}} || || || || {{IPA|ʉ}} | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || {{IPA|i}} || || || || || {{IPA|ʉ}} || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-high || || {{IPA|ɪ}} | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-high || || || {{IPA|ɪ}} || || || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|ɤ}} | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|ɤ}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || {{IPA|ə}} | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || || {{IPA|ə}} || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || {{IPA|ɛ}} {{IPA|œ}} || || || || || || || | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || {{IPA|ɛ}} {{IPA|œ}} || || || || || || || | ||
| Line 102: | Line 102: | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || || || || || || | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || || || {{IPA|ɜː}} | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || || || || {{IPA|ɜː}} || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || || || || || || || || || | |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || || || || || || || || || | ||
| Line 202: | Line 202: | ||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
Dwekoenish is a highly inflected language with agglutinative characteristics. Nouns and adjectives are declined for three numbers and sixteen cases. Patterns of declension are grouped into three genders. | Dwekoenish is a highly inflected fusional language with agglutinative characteristics. Nouns and adjectives are declined for three numbers and sixteen cases. Patterns of declension are grouped into three genders. | ||
The first declension pattern applies to masculine nouns whose nominative forms end in -è or any non-sibilant consonant. | The first declension pattern applies to masculine nouns whose nominative forms end in -è or any non-sibilant consonant. | ||
Revision as of 05:24, 16 June 2010
Dwekoenish (native: Dvekönešč /dvɛˈkʰœnɛʃʧ/) is a fictional diachronic language created by Marko Stanković, aka Stelvojoj.
| Dwekoenish Dvekönešč | |
| Spoken in: | Dwekoenia (Dveköneas) |
| Conworld: | Alternate Earth |
| Total speakers: | Unknown |
| Genealogical classification: | Arvaši
|
| Basic word order: | VSO |
| Morphological type: | Fusional |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | nominative-accusative |
| Writing system: | |
| Created by: | |
| Stelvojoj | 2008 AD |
Phonology
Dwekoennish has a relatively Indo-Europeanesque inventory of consonants and vowels. Of special note are the abundance of coronal fricatives, affricates, and the presence of two fully fronted, fully low vowels.
Consonants
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alv. | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | g | ||||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ) | |||||||||||||
| Tap, Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | (ç) | (x) | h | |||||
| Affricate | ts | dz | tʃ | dʒ | ||||||||||||
| Approximant | ɹ | j | ||||||||||||||
| Lateral Approximant | l | |||||||||||||||
Short Vowels
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
| High | i | ʉ | ||||||||
| Near-high | ɪ | |||||||||
| High-mid | ɤ | |||||||||
| Mid | ə | |||||||||
| Low-mid | ɛ œ | |||||||||
| Near-low | ||||||||||
| Low | a ɶ | ɒ | ||||||||
Long Vowels
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
| High | iː | uː | ||||||||
| Near-high | ||||||||||
| High-mid | eː øː | ɤː oː | ||||||||
| Mid | ||||||||||
| Low-mid | ɜː | |||||||||
| Near-low | ||||||||||
| Low | aː ɶː | |||||||||
Orthography
Dwekoenish is written with a variant of the Latin alphabet which contains 31 letters. It consists of 9 vowels and 22 consonants.
A a - /a/
B b - /b/
C c - /ʦ/
Č č - /ʧ/
D d - /d/
Ð ð - /ð/
E e - /ɛ/
F f - /f/
G g - /g/
H h - /h, x, ç/
I i - /i/
J j - /j/
K k - /k/
L l - /l/
M m - /m/
N n - /n, ŋ/
O o - /ɒ/
Õ õ - /ɤ, ɤː/
P p - /p/
R r - /ɾ, ɹ/
S s - /s/
Š š - /ʃ/
T t - /t/
Þ þ - /θ/
U u - /ʉ/
V v - /v/
Y y - /ɪ/
Z z - /z/
Ž ž - /ʒ/
Ö ö - /œ, øː/
Ȍ ȍ - /ɶ, ɶː/
Non-alphabetic letters:
Á á - /aː/
É é - /eː/
Í í - /iː/
Ó ó - /oː/
Ú ú - /uː/
È è - /ə, ɜː/
The vowels marked with acutes represent the long variants of the respective short vowels. The letter È represents a mid-open central unrounded vowel when long and is reduced to a schwa when short. (It is never marked for length.) Long vowels can occur in both stressed and unstressed syllables.
The letters Õ, Ö, and Ő are also not marked for length. Õ and Ő typically do not change in phonemic value when lengthened, but Ö rises from a mid-open to a mid-close vowel. Y has no long variant.
Grammar
Nouns
Dwekoenish is a highly inflected fusional language with agglutinative characteristics. Nouns and adjectives are declined for three numbers and sixteen cases. Patterns of declension are grouped into three genders.
The first declension pattern applies to masculine nouns whose nominative forms end in -è or any non-sibilant consonant.
Könè, king
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | könè | köneas | kȍnás |
| Genitive | könu | köne | könem |
| Dative | kön | könedast | kȍnadast |
| Benefactive | köné | könea | könia |
| Accusative | könu | köneai | köniaš |
| Locative | könest | könist | kȍnast |
| Illative | könesten | könisten | kȍnasten |
| Inessive | könestí | könistí | kȍnastí |
| Elative | könestom | könistom | kȍnastom |
| Allative | könesté | könisté | kȍnasté |
| Adessive | könestje | könistje | kȍnastje |
| Ablative | könestod | könistoðy | kȍnastoða |
| Terminative | könestá | könistá | kȍnastá |
| Prolative | könestav | könistav | kȍnastav |
| Abessive | könedz | könidz | kȍnadz |
| Comitative | kȍnat | köneat | köniat |
Note that the letter -ö- is assimilated to -ȍ- when it is proceeded by -a- or -à- (but not -ia-) in the following syllable.
