Proto-Uralic/U: Difference between revisions
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|- | |- | ||
| "feather" | | "feather" | ||
| style="color:red"| *sulka || *tolkē || tolga || - || * | | style="color:red"| *sulka || *tolkē || tolga || - || *tɨl(ɨ) || toll|| *tåwəl || *toɣəɬ || - | ||
| Cf. *tuxli | | Cf. *tuxli | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 112: | Line 112: | ||
| || ''*lɤpsē'' || '''ĺe/akš''' || *lʊpš || K. lɨs || || || || *jəptå- | | || ''*lɤpsē'' || '''ĺe/akš''' || *lʊpš || K. lɨs || || || || *jəptå- | ||
| S. *o → ɤ / _p | | S. *o → ɤ / _p | ||
|- | |||
| "(to) crumble" | |||
| *mure/u- || *morē, '''*moarrɤ-''' || - || - || - || '''mar''' || ''*mur-'' || *moor- || *mərə | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "soft" | | "soft" | ||
| - || '''*loančē''' || - || - || - || '''laaɟ''' || *lanćəɣ || *loonťəɣ || - | | - || '''*loančē''' || - || - || - || '''laaɟ''' || *lanćəɣ || *loonťəɣ || - | ||
| Or *o_a? | | Or *o_a? | ||
|- | |||
| "major river" | |||
| *juka || ''*jokɤ'' || - || - || - || - || - || - || *jəkå | |||
| + Russ. substratal *juka. F. "waterfall", Mo. jov ← [[Proto-Uralic/new#ô|*jôki]]? | |||
|- | |||
| "finger" | |||
| - || *sūvðē || - || - || - || ujj || ''*tuĺaa''' || '''*ɬååj''' || *təjå | |||
|- | |||
| "reindeer knee" | |||
| - || *pončēs || - || - || U. pɨdźɤs ~ K. '''pidźɤs''' || - || - || - || ''*punsV'' | |||
| K. M > F /_Ć ? | |||
|- | |||
| "(to) bore" | |||
| *pura || *porē || - || - || *pɨr || fuur || ''#pOr'' || ''*por'' || *pər- | |||
| Cf. IE | |||
|- | |||
| "deep spot" | |||
| - || *jormē || - || - || K. '''jir''' || - || - || *jorəm || ''*jorä'' | |||
|- | |||
| "" | |||
| || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "" | | "" | ||
| Line 215: | Line 239: | ||
| "fire" | | "fire" | ||
| *tuli || *tolɤ || tol || *tʊl || *tɨl || - || - || - || ''*tuj'' | | *tuli || *tolɤ || tol || *tʊl || *tɨl || - || - || - || ''*tuj'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to learn" | | "to learn" | ||
| Line 237: | Line 257: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "mouth" | | "mouth" | ||
| *suu || *čūvɤ, *čontɤk || - || šu || - || saaj || *suup, *saw? || *sooɣaa || *so | | *suu || *čūvɤ, *čontɤk || - || šu || - || '''saaj''' || *suup, *saw? || *sooɣaa || *so | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "ghost" | | "ghost" | ||
| Line 256: | Line 276: | ||
| "wind; feather" | | "wind; feather" | ||
| *tuuli || - || - || Me. tul || ''*tɤl'' || - || - || - || *tuəj | | *tuuli || - || - || Me. tul || ''*tɤl'' || - || - || - || *tuəj | ||
|- | |||
| "to ro" | |||
| ''*sowta-'' || *sūkɤ- || - || *šua- || K. sɨn- || - || *tåw- || '''*ɬaaɣ-''' || *tu- | |||
| *suxi-, F. dissimil. deriv. | |||
|- | |||
| "to pursue" | |||
| ''*nowta-'' || *ńūvte- || - || - || - || - || *ńåwt- || *ńååɣəɬ- || *ńo- | |||
| *ńuxi-, F. dissimi. deriv. | |||
|- | |||
| "sheep" | |||
| *uuhi ~ *utti || - || uča || *ʊžɣa || *ɨž || - || '''*aaš''' || '''*aač''' || - | |||
| ← IE *owis, ObU independantly (~ F. *voohi)? | |||
|- | |||
| "to drink" | |||
| '''*joo-''' || *jūkɤ- || - || '''*jüä-''' || '''*juu-''' || '''iv-''' || '''*äj-''' || || '''*ɤ-''' | |||
| ← IA, several loans? | |||
|- | |||
| "to swim" | |||
| *uj- || '''*vōjɤ-''' || uje- || '''*iä-''' || '''*uuj-''' || uus- || ''*uj-'' || '''*uj-''' || *u- | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| Bad | ! colspan="10"| Bad | ||
|- | |||
| "to go" | |||
| - || *jotē- || ''juta-'', Mk. juta- || - || - || - || - || - || ''*jåtə-'' | |||
| Rather *o with S. irregular; cf. B. *jude- | |||
|- | |||
| "group, to hunt" | |||
| *kunta ~ *kontu || *kontē || kunda- || - || - || had- || *kaant- || *kuunt- || *kåntə- | |||
| Rather *o w/ F&S influenced by Gmc | |||
|- | |||
| "sack" | |||
| - || *pūðā || - || - || - || - || - || - || *påtə | |||
|- | |||
| "top" | |||
| F. sukka || *čokkɤ || - || - || K. '''ćuk''' || - || '''*śaɣ''' || '''*ťäk''' || *sok | |||
|- | |||
| "hill; wave" | |||
| *kumpu || *kompō || komba || - || *gɨb || '''hab''' || ''*ku(m)p'' || ''*ko/uump'' || '''*kåmpå''' | |||
|West *u, East *o | |||
|- | |||
| "body" | |||
| - || *korōntē || - || - || - || - || *kur- || *kor || ''#kər'' | |||
| Check Smy. <!--En. /e/--> | |||
|- | |||
| "curve" | |||
| *mutka || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || '''*måcə''' | |||
|- | |||
| "frost" | |||
| *kuura || ''*korā'' || - || - || '''*gɤɤr''' || '''har''' || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "pole" | |||
| - ||style="color:red"| *sosō || *šočko || - || '''*džadž''' || - || - || - || Se. čoočə | |||
|- | |||
| "" | |||
| || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "" | | "" | ||
Revision as of 12:54, 11 June 2010
F. *u, S. & Mo. *o, Ma. *ʊ, P. *ɨ, H. o/uu
| Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Permic | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoy. | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSM *u_a, Ms. *å/a, Kh. *oCC/*ooC, Smy. *ə | ||||||||||
| "to plait" | *puno- | *ponē- | pona- | *pʊnə- | *pɨn- | fon- | *pån- | *poon- | *pən- | |
| "egg" | *muna | *monē | mona | *mʊnə | - | moń | *man | *moon | *mənå | |
| "facing down" | *kumo/a- | *komō- | koma- | *kʊmə- | *kɨm- | hom- | *kåm- | *koom- | *kəmə- | |
| "to squeeze" | *puserta- | *počē- | - | *pʊnćə- | *pɨdźɨrt- | fačar- | *pås- | *poosər- | - | |
| "to melt, molten" | *sula(-) | - | sola(-) | *šʊlə- | *sɨl(-) | ol(vad) | *talaa- | *ɬoɬaa- | - | |
| "to extinguish" | *kus-tu- | *kopsē- | - | *kus- | - | - | *kopəɬ- | *kəptå- | ||
| "feather" | *sulka | *tolkē | tolga | - | *tɨl(ɨ) | toll | *tåwəl | *toɣəɬ | - | Cf. *tuxli |
| "crook'd" | *kura, *kurja | - | - | - | *kɨr- | - | - | *kor | *kərå | -rj- fits Kh. better |
| "land" | *muta | *moðē | moda | - | - | - | - | - | *məjå | |
| "to become happy" | F. muju? | *mojē- | - | - | - | - | - | - | *məjə- | |
| "stream" | *voo | *uvē ~ *ɤvē | - | - | - | - | *åw- | *ooɣ- | - | |
| "to hang" | - | *ko/ɤcō- | - | *kečə- | *kɨš- | - | *kaš- | *kooč- | - | |
| "mud" | *kura | - | - | - | - | - | *kår- | *koor | - | |
| "ice crust" | - | *čoðē | - | - | - | - | *šaĺ | *sooj | - | |
| "cloud(y)" | F. kumuri | - | kovol | - | - | homaaĺ | *kåm- | - | - | |
| "back" | *muka- | - | - | - | - | *məjå- | Check AASmy | |||
| "to tell" | - | - | jovta- | - | - | *jəptə- | … | |||
| "cloudberry" | *muura- | - | - | *mår-aak | *moor-ək | *mərå-ŋkå | Check AASmy | |||
| "to hit" | *puto- | *poðō- | - | puðə- | U. pɨĺ- ~ K. peĺ | *påĺ- | - | *pəjä- | Smy *-ä after *ðʲ | |
| "narrowing" | - | *čorō | - | - | *śuur | sor- | *sarɯɯ | *sart | - | |
| "spear" | *ota | - | - | *aɣtaa | *ooɣət | - | ||||
| "to call" | *kuccu- | *koččō- | - | - | - | - | - | *kuuť- | - | |
| "outside" | *ulko- | *olkō- | - | - | K. ɨlɤ- | - | - | - | - | |
| "naughty" | *tuhma | *tosmē | - | - | K. dɨš | - | - | - | - | |
| "to rummage" | *purka- | *porkē- | Er. purga- | *pʊrɣə- | - | - | - | - | - | F. "dismantle" |
| "block of wood" | *luta | *lotē | - | - | - | - | - | - | *jəčə | *-t- or *-č-? |
| "to strangle" | *poo- | *pūvē- | pova- | - | *pɤd(ɨ)- | fuul- | - | *pɯɯk- | - | |
| "to fish with a net" | - | *koltē- | - | - | - | - | *kult- | *kåål- | Se. qoldɛi- | *kulk(i)-ta- ? |
| "stern" | *tuhto | *totkō | - | Hi. tɤktɤ | K. tɨk | 'tat | #tOɣət | *toɣət | *tətə | F&S possibly ← Gmc *θuftōn |
| "to cross water" | - | *mokcē- | - | - | - | - | - | - | *məčå- | |
| "dew" | *lɤpsē | ĺe/akš | *lʊpš | K. lɨs | *jəptå- | S. *o → ɤ / _p | ||||
| "(to) crumble" | *mure/u- | *morē, *moarrɤ- | - | - | - | mar | *mur- | *moor- | *mərə | |
| "soft" | - | *loančē | - | - | - | laaɟ | *lanćəɣ | *loonťəɣ | - | Or *o_a? |
| "major river" | *juka | *jokɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | *jəkå | + Russ. substratal *juka. F. "waterfall", Mo. jov ← *jôki? |
| "finger" | - | *sūvðē | - | - | - | ujj | *tuĺaa' | *ɬååj | *təjå | |
| "reindeer knee" | - | *pončēs | - | - | U. pɨdźɤs ~ K. pidźɤs | - | - | - | *punsV | K. M > F /_Ć ? |
| "(to) bore" | *pura | *porē | - | - | *pɨr | fuur | #pOr | *por | *pər- | Cf. IE |
| "deep spot" | - | *jormē | - | - | K. jir | - | - | *jorəm | *jorä | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
| FSM *u_i, Kh. *o, Smy. *u / _CC | ||||||||||
| "pole" | *ulku | *olkɤ | olga | - | K. ɨl | - | *uj | |||
| "to go" | *kulke- | *kolkɤ- | koĺge- | - | K. kɨlal- | halad- | - | *koɣəɬ- | *kəj- | Cf. PIE *kʷelH- |
| "to pee" | *kuse- | *końčɤ- | - | *kʊźa- | *kudź- | huuɟ- | *kunć- | *kos- | *kunsə- | |
| "marten" | Es. nugis | - | - | *ńåkəs | *ńoɣəs | - | ||||
| "tube" | *pucki | *pockɤ | počko | *pʊč | - | - | - | - | *pučə | |
| "flurry" | *purku | *porkɤ | Er. porga- ~ Mk. purga- |
Me. purɣə- | K. pɨra | forr | *pårkɯɯj | *porkaaj | *purət- | or Mo. ← *purki-. ObU -k- ?! U. pur "glo", H. "boil" may not belong |
| "skis" | *suksi | - | soks | - | - | - | *tåw(ə)t | *ɬoɣ | *tutə | |
| "to kno" | *tunte- | *tomtɤ- | - | - | *tod- | tud- | - | - | *tumtə- | |
| "20" | - | - | komś | - | *kɨź | huus | *kuus | *koos | - | *ms → *ws in Ug.? |
| "grass" | *nurmi | *ńormɤ | - | - | - | - | *ńuurəm | *ńåårəm | - | |
| "crane" | *kurki | *kōrkɤ | *kargo | - | - | - | - | - | *kərə | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| FSM *u_i, Kh. *o/*oo, Smy. *oC (std. PU *o_i or *u_i?) | ||||||||||
| "to get lost" | - | *jorɤ- | - | - | U. jɨromɨ- | jaar- | Pl. joor- | *jor- | jü/urə- | *ju → *jü in PSmy/PSk? |
| "to spawn" | *kute- | *koðɤ- | - | - | K. kuĺmɨ- | *kuĺ- | *kååj- | - | ||
| "to wear" | *kulu- | *kolɤ- | - | - | K. gɨlal- | - | *kål- | *kolaa- | - | |
| "cleft" | *kuru | - | - | - | K. guran | hor- | - | *koor | - | S. *kūrɤ ← F. |
| "(to) coff" | - | *kosɤ- | koz(o-) | - | *kɨz(ɨ)- | *koɬ- | *kot- | |||
| "10" | *luke-/u | *lokɤ/ē- | Er. lovo- ~ Mk. luvə- |
*lu | *lɨd | *låw | - | - | F, Mo. "to read", P. "number" (suffix'd?) | |
| "sno" | *lumi | *lomɤ | lov | *lʊm | *lɨm(ɨ) | lom | - | - | *jom- | |
| "bone" | *luu | - | lovaža | *lu | *lɨ | - | *luw | *ɬoɣ | *lɤ | Ms. *u near labials? |
| "to pass by" | - | *molɤ- | mole- | - | - | muul- | *mul- | - | - | Ms. *u near labials? |
| "to bite" | *pure- | *porɤ- | poŕe- | *pʊra- | *puur(ɨ)- | - | *pur- | *por- | *por- | Ms. *u near labials? |
| "to blo" | *puhu- | *posō- | - | - | K. puškɨ- | fuu- | *put- | *poɬaa- | Se. puttu? | Ms. *u near labials? |
| "summer" | *suvi | *sɤŋɤ- | - | - | - | - | *tuj | *ɬoŋ | *təŋ | Ms. *u ?! |
| "to come" | *tule- | *tolɤ- | - | *tola- | - | talaal- | - | - | *toj- | |
| "fire" | *tuli | *tolɤ | tol | *tʊl | *tɨl | - | - | - | *tuj | |
| "to learn" | - | - | tona- | *tʊnə- | *tun(a)- | *tanul- | - | - | *təntå- | see AASmy |
| "morning" | - | - | - | - | - | hol- | #kOl- | *kol- | SSm *kər | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
| "moon" | *kuu | Lu. kuojijti- | *koŋ | - | - | hoov | - | *kow | *kïj | |
| "mouth" | *suu | *čūvɤ, *čontɤk | - | šu | - | saaj | *suup, *saw? | *sooɣaa | *so | |
| "ghost" | *huu | - | čo(v) | - | K. šɤn | - | *tɯɯw | *ɬuuŋk | - | |
| "loon" | - | *toktë-kë | - | *toktə | K. toktɨ | - | *tɯɯɣət | *taaɣtəŋ | - | |
| Long (?) | ||||||||||
| "to hear" | *kuule- | *kūlɤ- | kuĺe- | *kola- | *kɨl- | hall- | *kaal- | *kåål- | - | Cf. Smy *kåw "ear" |
| "6" | *kuuci | *kūtɤ | koto | *kut | *kwat | hat | *kaat | *kuut | - | |
| "wind; feather" | *tuuli | - | - | Me. tul | *tɤl | - | - | - | *tuəj | |
| "to ro" | *sowta- | *sūkɤ- | - | *šua- | K. sɨn- | - | *tåw- | *ɬaaɣ- | *tu- | *suxi-, F. dissimil. deriv. |
| "to pursue" | *nowta- | *ńūvte- | - | - | - | - | *ńåwt- | *ńååɣəɬ- | *ńo- | *ńuxi-, F. dissimi. deriv. |
| "sheep" | *uuhi ~ *utti | - | uča | *ʊžɣa | *ɨž | - | *aaš | *aač | - | ← IE *owis, ObU independantly (~ F. *voohi)? |
| "to drink" | *joo- | *jūkɤ- | - | *jüä- | *juu- | iv- | *äj- | *ɤ- | ← IA, several loans? | |
| "to swim" | *uj- | *vōjɤ- | uje- | *iä- | *uuj- | uus- | *uj- | *uj- | *u- | |
| Bad | ||||||||||
| "to go" | - | *jotē- | juta-, Mk. juta- | - | - | - | - | - | *jåtə- | Rather *o with S. irregular; cf. B. *jude- |
| "group, to hunt" | *kunta ~ *kontu | *kontē | kunda- | - | - | had- | *kaant- | *kuunt- | *kåntə- | Rather *o w/ F&S influenced by Gmc |
| "sack" | - | *pūðā | - | - | - | - | - | - | *påtə | |
| "top" | F. sukka | *čokkɤ | - | - | K. ćuk | - | *śaɣ | *ťäk | *sok | |
| "hill; wave" | *kumpu | *kompō | komba | - | *gɨb | hab | *ku(m)p | *ko/uump | *kåmpå | West *u, East *o |
| "body" | - | *korōntē | - | - | - | - | *kur- | *kor | #kər | Check Smy. |
| "curve" | *mutka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *måcə | |
| "frost" | *kuura | *korā | - | - | *gɤɤr | har | - | - | - | |
| "pole" | - | *sosō | *šočko | - | *džadž | - | - | - | Se. čoočə | |
| "" | ||||||||||
| "" | ||||||||||
