Proto-Uralic/U: Difference between revisions

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F. *u, S. & Mo. *o (note Mo. *-a > *-a without reduction!), P. *ɨ
F. *u, S. & Mo. *o, Ma. *ʊ, P. *ɨ, H. ''o''/''uu''


{|
{|
Line 7: Line 7:
! Comments
! Comments
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| FSM *u_a, Ma. *ʊ, Kh. *o/*oo, Smy. *ə
! colspan="10"| FSM *u_a, Ms. *å/a, Kh. *oCC/*ooC, Smy. *ə
|-
|-
| "to plait"
| "to plait"
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|-
|-
| "to squeeze"
| "to squeeze"
| *puserta- || *počē- || - || style="color:red"| *pʊnćə- || *pɨdźɨrt- || fačar- || *pås- || *poosər- || -
| *puserta- || *počē- || - || style="color:red"| *pʊnćə- || *pɨdźɨrt- || '''fačar-''' || *pås- || *poosər- || -
|-
|-
| "to melt, molten"
| "to melt, molten"
| *sula(-) || - || sola(-) || *šʊlə- || *sɨl(-) || ol(vad) || *talaa- || *ɬoɬaa- || -
| *sula(-) || - || sola(-) || *šʊlə- || *sɨl(-) || ol(vad) || *talaa- || ''*ɬoɬaa-'' || -
|-
| "to tell"
| - || - || jovta- ||  ||  ||  || - || - || *jəptə-
|…<!--mentnd in AASmy-->
|-
|-
| "to extinguish"
| "to extinguish"
Line 36: Line 32:
|-
|-
| "crook'd"
| "crook'd"
| *kura || - || - || - || *kɨr- || - || - || *kor || *kərå
| ''*kura'', *kurja || - || - || - || *kɨr- || - || - || *kor || *kərå
| -rj- fits Kh. better
|-
| "land"
| *muta || *moðē || moda || - || - || - || - || - || *məjå
|-
| "to become happy"
| F. muju? || *mojē- || - || - || - || - || - || - || *məjə-
|-
|-
| "stream"
| "stream"
Line 42: Line 45:
|-
|-
| "to hang"
| "to hang"
| - || *ko/''ë''cō- || - || '''*kečə-''' || *kɨš- || - || *kaš- || *kooč- || -
| - || *ko/''ɤ''cō- || - || '''*kečə-''' || *kɨš- || - || *kaš- || *kooč- || -
|-
| "cloudy"
| F. kumuri || - || kovol || - || - || homaaĺ || *kåm- || - || -
|-
|-
| "mud"
| "mud"
| *kura || - || - || - || - || - || *kår- || *koor || -
| *kura || - || - || - || - || - || *kår- || *koor || -
|-
|-
| "10"
| "ice crust"
| *luke-/u || *lokē || Er. lovo- ~<br/>Mk. '''luvə-''' || ''*lu'' || *lɨd || || *låw || - || -
| - || *čoðē || - || - || - || - ||style="color:green"| *šaĺ || *sooj || -
| F, Mo. "to read", P. "number" (suffix'd?)
|-
|-
| "land"
| "cloud(y)"
| *muta || *moðē || moda || - || - || - || - || - || *məjå
| F. kumuri || - || kovol || - || - || homaaĺ || *kåm- || - || -
|-
| "to become happy"
| F. muju? || *mojē- || - || - || - || - || - || - || *məjə-
|-
|-
| "back"
| "back"
| *muka- || - || - ||  ||  ||  || - || - || *məjå-
| *muka- || - || - ||  ||  ||  || - || - || *məjå-
| Check AASmy
| Check AASmy
|-
| "to tell"
| - || - || jovta- ||  ||  ||  || - || - || *jəptə-
|…<!--mentnd in AASmy-->
|-
|-
| "cloudberry"
| "cloudberry"
Line 71: Line 71:
| *puto- || *poðō- || - || '''puðə-''' || U. pɨĺ- ~ K. '''peĺ''' ||  || *påĺ- || - || *pəjä-
| *puto- || *poðō- || - || '''puðə-''' || U. pɨĺ- ~ K. '''peĺ''' ||  || *påĺ- || - || *pəjä-
| Smy *-ä after *ðʲ
| Smy *-ä after *ðʲ
|-
| "ice crust"
| - || *čoðē || - || - || - || - ||style="color:green"| *šaĺ || *sooj || -
|-
|-
| "narrowing"
| "narrowing"
Line 80: Line 77:
| "spear"
| "spear"
|style="color:red"| '''*ota''' || - || - ||  ||  ||  || *aɣtaa || *ooɣət || -
|style="color:red"| '''*ota''' || - || - ||  ||  ||  || *aɣtaa || *ooɣət || -
|-
| "soft"
| - || '''*loančē''' || - || - || - || laaɟ || *lanćəɣ || *loonťəɣ || -
|-
|-
| "to call"
| "to call"
Line 89: Line 83:
| "outside"
| "outside"
| *ulko- || *olkō- || - || - || K. ɨlɤ- || - || - || - || -
| *ulko- || *olkō- || - || - || K. ɨlɤ- || - || - || - || -
|-
| "naughty"
| *tuhma || *tosmē || - || - || K. dɨš || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to rummage"
| "to rummage"
| *purka-  || *porkē- || Er. '''purga-''' || *pʊrɣə- || - || - || - || - || -
| *purka-  || *porkē- || Er. '''purga-''' || *pʊrɣə- || - || - || - || - || -
| F. "dismantle"
| F. "dismantle"
|-
| "naughty"
| *tuhma || *tosmē || - || - || K. dɨš || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "block of wood"
| "block of wood"
Line 107: Line 101:
| - || *koltē- || - || - || - || - || *kult- || *kåål- || Se. qoldɛi-
| - || *koltē- || - || - || - || - || *kult- || *kåål- || Se. qoldɛi-
| *kulk(i)-ta- ?
| *kulk(i)-ta- ?
|-
| "stern"
| *tuhto ||style="color:red"| *totkō || - || Hi. tɤktɤ || K. tɨk || '''tat'' || ''#tOɣət'' || *toɣət || *tətə
| F&S possibly ← Gmc *θuftōn
|-
| "to cross water"
| - || *mokcē- || - || - || - || - || - || - || *məčå-
|-
| "dew"
|  || ''*lɤpsē'' || '''ĺe/akš''' || *lʊpš || K. lɨs ||  ||  ||  || *jəptå-
| S. *o → ɤ / _p
|-
| "soft"
| - || '''*loančē''' || - || - || - || '''laaɟ''' || *lanćəɣ || *loonťəɣ || -
| Or *o_a?
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
Line 114: Line 123:
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| FSM *u_i, Ma. *ʊ, Kh. *o/*oo, Smy. *uCC
! colspan="10"| FSM *u_i, Kh. *o, Smy. *u / _CC
|-
|-
| "pole"
| "pole"
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|-
|-
| "to go"
| "to go"
| *kulke- || *kolkɤ- || koĺge- || - || K. kɨlal- || halad- || - || *koɣəɬ- || '''*kəj-'''
| *kulke- || *kolkɤ- || koĺge- || - || K. kɨlal- || '''halad-''' || - || *koɣəɬ- || '''*kəj-'''
| Cf. PIE *kʷelH-
| Cf. PIE *kʷelH-
|-
| "20"
| - || - || komś || - || *kɨź || ''huus'' || ''*kuus'' || ''*koos'' || -
| *ms → *ws in Ug.?
|-
|-
| "to pee"
| "to pee"
| *kuse- || końčɤ- || - ||style="color:red"| *kʊźa- || '''*kudź-''' || huuɟ- || style="color:red"| '''*kunć-''' || *kos- || *kunsə-
| *kuse- || *końčɤ- || - ||style="color:red"| *kʊźa- || '''*kudź-''' || huuɟ- || style="color:red"| '''*kunć-''' || *kos- || *kunsə-
|-
|-
| "marten"
| "marten"
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|-
|-
| "flurry"
| "flurry"
| *purku || *porkɤ || Er. porga- ~ Mk. '''purga-''' || Me. purɣə- || U. '''pur-''' ~ K. pɨra || forr || *pårkɯɯj || *porkaaj || *purət-
| *purku || *porkɤ || Er. porga- ~<br/>Mk. '''purga-''' || Me. purɣə- || K. pɨra || ''forr'' || *pårkɯɯj || *porkaaj || *purət-
| or Mo. ← *purki-. ObU -k- ?!
| or Mo. ← *purki-. ObU -k- ?! U. ''pur'' "glo", H. "boil" may not belong
|-
|-
| "skis"
| "skis"
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| "to kno"
| "to kno"
| *tunte- || *tomtɤ- || - || - || '''*tod-''' || tud- || - || - || *tumtə-
| *tunte- || *tomtɤ- || - || - || '''*tod-''' || tud- || - || - || *tumtə-
|-
| "20"
| - || - || komś || - || *kɨź || ''huus'' || ''*kuus'' || ''*koos'' || -
| *ms → *ws in Ug.?
|-
|-
| "grass"
| "grass"
| *nurmi || *ńormɤ || - || - || - || - || ''*ńuurəm'' || '''*ńåårəm''' || -
| *nurmi || *ńormɤ || - || - || - || - || ''*ńuurəm'' || '''*ńåårəm''' || -
|-
| "crane"
| *kurki || '''*kōrkɤ''' || '''*kargo''' || - || - || - || - || - || ''*kərə''
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| FSM *u_i, Kh. *o/*oo, Smy. *oC (std. PU *o_i or *u_i?)
|-
| "to get lost"
| - || *jorɤ- || - || - || U. jɨromɨ- || '''jaar-''' || Pl. joor- || *jor- || '''jü/urə-'''
| *ju → *jü in PSmy/PSk?
|-
| "to spawn"
| *kute- || *koðɤ- || - || - || K. '''kuĺmɨ-''' ||  || ''*kuĺ-'' || ''*kååj-'' || -
|-
| "to wear"
| *kulu- || *kolɤ- || - || - || K. gɨlal- || - || *kål- || *kolaa- || -
|-
| "cleft"
| *kuru || - || - || - || K. '''guran''' || hor- || - || *koor || -
| S. *kūrɤ ← F.
|-
| "(to) coff"
| - || *kosɤ- || koz(o-) || - || *kɨz(ɨ)- ||  ||  || *koɬ- || *kot-
|-
| "10"
| *luke-/u || *lokɤ/ē- || Er. lovo- ~<br/>Mk. '''luvə-''' || ''*lu'' || *lɨd ||  || *låw || - || -
| F, Mo. "to read", P. "number" (suffix'd?)
|-
| "sno"
| *lumi || *lomɤ ||style="color:red"| lov || *lʊm || *lɨm(ɨ) || lom || - || - || *jom-
|-
| "bone"
| *luu || - || lovaža || ''*lu'' || *lɨ || - || ''*luw'' || *ɬoɣ || '''*lɤ'''
| Ms. *u near labials?
|-
| "to pass by"
| - || *molɤ- || mole- || - || - || muul- || ''*mul-'' || - || -
| Ms. *u near labials?
|-
| "to bite"
| *pure- || *porɤ- || poŕe- || *pʊra- || '''*puur(ɨ)-''' || - || ''*pur-'' || *por- || *por-
| Ms. *u near labials?
|-
|-
| ""
| "to blo"
| || || || || || || || ||  
| *puhu- || *posō- || - || - || K. '''puškɨ-''' || fuu- || ''*put-'' || *poɬaa- || Se. ''puttu''?
| Ms. *u near labials?
|-
| "summer"
| *suvi || '''*sɤŋɤ-''' || - || - || - || - || '''*tuj''' || *ɬoŋ || '''*təŋ'''
| Ms. *u ?!
|-
| "to come"
| *tule- || *tolɤ- || - || '''*tola-''' || - || '''talaal-''' || - || - || *toj-
|-
| "fire"
| *tuli || *tolɤ || tol || *tʊl || *tɨl || - || - || - || ''*tuj''
|-
| "sheep"
| '''*uuhi''' ~ *utti || - || uča || *ʊžɣa || *ɨž || - || '''*aaš''' || '''*aač''' || -
| ← IE *owis, ObU independantly (~ F. *voohi)?
|-
| "to learn"
| - || - || tona- || *tʊnə- || '''*tun(a)-''' || '''*tanul-''' || - || - || *təntå-
| see AASmy
|-
| "morning"
| - || - || - || - || - || hol- || #kOl- || *kol- || SSm *kər
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
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|-
|-
| "moon"
| "moon"
| *kuu || Lu. ''kuojijti-'' || *koŋ || - || - || hoov || - || *kow || *kïj
| *kuu || Lu. ''kuojijti-'' || *koŋ || - || - || hoov || - || *kow || '''*kïj'''
|-
|-
| "mouth"
| "mouth"
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| - || *toktë-kë || - || *toktə || K. '''toktɨ''' || - || *tɯɯɣət || *taaɣtəŋ || -
| - || *toktë-kë || - || *toktə || K. '''toktɨ''' || - || *tɯɯɣət || *taaɣtəŋ || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Long
! colspan="10"| Long (?)
|-
|-
| "to hear"
| "to hear"
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|-
|-
| "wind; feather"
| "wind; feather"
| *tuuli || - || - || Me. tul || ''*tɤl'' || - || - || - || *toəj
| *tuuli || - || - || Me. tul || ''*tɤl'' || - || - || - || *tuəj
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Bad
|-
| ""
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 
|}
|}

Revision as of 07:17, 11 June 2010

F. *u, S. & Mo. *o, Ma. *ʊ, P. *ɨ, H. o/uu

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
FSM *u_a, Ms. *å/a, Kh. *oCC/*ooC, Smy. *ə
"to plait" *puno- *ponē- pona- *pʊnə- *pɨn- fon- *pån- *poon- *pən-
"egg" *muna *monē mona *mʊnə - moń *man *moon *mənå
"facing down" *kumo/a- *komō- koma- *kʊmə- *kɨm- hom- *kåm- *koom- *kəmə-
"to squeeze" *puserta- *počē- - *pʊnćə- *pɨdźɨrt- fačar- *pås- *poosər- -
"to melt, molten" *sula(-) - sola(-) *šʊlə- *sɨl(-) ol(vad) *talaa- *ɬoɬaa- -
"to extinguish" *kus-tu- *kopsē- - *kus- - - *kopəɬ- *kəptå-
"feather" *sulka *tolkē tolga - *tɨlɨ toll *tåwəl *toɣəɬ - Cf. *tuxli
"crook'd" *kura, *kurja - - - *kɨr- - - *kor *kərå -rj- fits Kh. better
"land" *muta *moðē moda - - - - - *məjå
"to become happy" F. muju? *mojē- - - - - - - *məjə-
"stream" *voo *uvē ~ *ɤvē - - - - *åw- *ooɣ- -
"to hang" - *ko/ɤcō- - *kečə- *kɨš- - *kaš- *kooč- -
"mud" *kura - - - - - *kår- *koor -
"ice crust" - *čoðē - - - - *šaĺ *sooj -
"cloud(y)" F. kumuri - kovol - - homaaĺ *kåm- - -
"back" *muka- - - - - *məjå- Check AASmy
"to tell" - - jovta- - - *jəptə- …
"cloudberry" *muura- - - *mår-aak *moor-ək *mərå-ŋkå Check AASmy
"to hit" *puto- *poðō- - puðə- U. pɨĺ- ~ K. peĺ *påĺ- - *pəjä- Smy *-ä after *ðʲ
"narrowing" - *čorō - - *śuur sor- *sarɯɯ *sart -
"spear" *ota - - *aɣtaa *ooɣət -
"to call" *kuccu- *koččō- - - - - - *kuuť- -
"outside" *ulko- *olkō- - - K. ɨlɤ- - - - -
"naughty" *tuhma *tosmē - - K. dɨš - - - -
"to rummage" *purka- *porkē- Er. purga- *pʊrɣə- - - - - - F. "dismantle"
"block of wood" *luta *lotē - - - - - - *jəčə *-t- or *-č-?
"to strangle" *poo- *pūvē- pova- - *pɤd(ɨ)- fuul- - *pɯɯk- -
"to fish with a net" - *koltē- - - - - *kult- *kåål- Se. qoldɛi- *kulk(i)-ta- ?
"stern" *tuhto *totkō - Hi. tɤktɤ K. tɨk 'tat #tOɣət *toɣət *tətə F&S possibly ← Gmc *θuftōn
"to cross water" - *mokcē- - - - - - - *məčå-
"dew" *lɤpsē ĺe/akš *lʊpš K. lɨs *jəptå- S. *o → ɤ / _p
"soft" - *loančē - - - laaɟ *lanćəɣ *loonťəɣ - Or *o_a?
""
""
FSM *u_i, Kh. *o, Smy. *u / _CC
"pole" *ulku *olkɤ olga - K. ɨl - *uj
"to go" *kulke- *kolkɤ- koĺge- - K. kɨlal- halad- - *koɣəɬ- *kəj- Cf. PIE *kʷelH-
"to pee" *kuse- *końčɤ- - *kʊźa- *kudź- huuɟ- *kunć- *kos- *kunsə-
"marten" Es. nugis - - *ńåkəs *ńoɣəs -
"tube" *pucki *pockɤ počko *pʊč - - - - *pučə
"flurry" *purku *porkɤ Er. porga- ~
Mk. purga-		 Me. purɣə- K. pɨra forr *pårkɯɯj *porkaaj *purət- or Mo. ← *purki-. ObU -k- ?! U. pur "glo", H. "boil" may not belong
"skis" *suksi - soks - - - *tåw(ə)t *ɬoɣ *tutə
"to kno" *tunte- *tomtɤ- - - *tod- tud- - - *tumtə-
"20" - - komś - *kɨź huus *kuus *koos - *ms → *ws in Ug.?
"grass" *nurmi *ńormɤ - - - - *ńuurəm *ńåårəm -
"crane" *kurki *kōrkɤ *kargo - - - - - *kərə
""
FSM *u_i, Kh. *o/*oo, Smy. *oC (std. PU *o_i or *u_i?)
"to get lost" - *jorɤ- - - U. jɨromɨ- jaar- Pl. joor- *jor- jü/urə- *ju → *jü in PSmy/PSk?
"to spawn" *kute- *koðɤ- - - K. kuĺmɨ- *kuĺ- *kååj- -
"to wear" *kulu- *kolɤ- - - K. gɨlal- - *kål- *kolaa- -
"cleft" *kuru - - - K. guran hor- - *koor - S. *kūrɤ ← F.
"(to) coff" - *kosɤ- koz(o-) - *kɨz(ɨ)- *koɬ- *kot-
"10" *luke-/u *lokɤ/ē- Er. lovo- ~
Mk. luvə-		 *lu *lɨd *låw - - F, Mo. "to read", P. "number" (suffix'd?)
"sno" *lumi *lomɤ lov *lʊm *lɨm(ɨ) lom - - *jom-
"bone" *luu - lovaža *lu *lɨ - *luw *ɬoɣ *lɤ Ms. *u near labials?
"to pass by" - *molɤ- mole- - - muul- *mul- - - Ms. *u near labials?
"to bite" *pure- *porɤ- poŕe- *pʊra- *puur(ɨ)- - *pur- *por- *por- Ms. *u near labials?
"to blo" *puhu- *posō- - - K. puškɨ- fuu- *put- *poɬaa- Se. puttu? Ms. *u near labials?
"summer" *suvi *sɤŋɤ- - - - - *tuj *ɬoŋ *təŋ Ms. *u ?!
"to come" *tule- *tolɤ- - *tola- - talaal- - - *toj-
"fire" *tuli *tolɤ tol *tʊl *tɨl - - - *tuj
"sheep" *uuhi ~ *utti - uča *ʊžɣa *ɨž - *aaš *aač - ← IE *owis, ObU independantly (~ F. *voohi)?
"to learn" - - tona- *tʊnə- *tun(a)- *tanul- - - *təntå- see AASmy
"morning" - - - - - hol- #kOl- *kol- SSm *kər
""
""
"moon" *kuu Lu. kuojijti- *koŋ - - hoov - *kow *kïj
"mouth" *suu *čūvɤ, *čontɤk - šu - saaj *suup, *saw? *sooɣaa *so
"ghost" *huu - čo(v) - K. šɤn - *tɯɯw *ɬuuŋk -
"loon" - *toktë-kë - *toktə K. toktɨ - *tɯɯɣət *taaɣtəŋ -
Long (?)
"to hear" *kuule- *kūlɤ- kuĺe- *kola- *kɨl- hall- *kaal- *kåål- - Cf. Smy *kåw "ear"
"6" *kuuci *kūtɤ koto *kut *kwat hat *kaat *kuut -
"wind; feather" *tuuli - - Me. tul *tɤl - - - *tuəj
Bad
""
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