User talk:Yusunny/理想汉语: Difference between revisions
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基础是[[双合推导直观图]]从中蕴含了[[声母归类歌]] [[四韵儿化表]],可以包含普通话声母韵母。。。 | 基础是[[双合推导直观图]]从中蕴含了[[声母归类歌]] [[四韵儿化表]],可以包含普通话声母韵母。。。 | ||
俞苏宁先生 早被誉为中国的柴门霍夫,其设计的《[[理想语音图]]》广泛宣传并多次政府支助参展,是国际科技界的统一语言,可把国际专利代码等符号串变成最公平统一简短发音流!鉴于wikipedia管理者早在2003年的争议过节导致不准理想语之类的名词记录,所以只能在自家范围刊载以便让广大理想语爱好者有所关注 :) | |||
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<a HREF="" title="">黑</A> <a HREF="" title="">牌</A> <a HREF="" title="">声</A> <a HREF="" title="">类</A> <a HREF="" title="">9双合</A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title="">inm</A> <a HREF="" title="">enm</A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title="">anm</A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""></A> <a HREF="" title="">理想语音图</A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title="">ianm</A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title="">V?</A> <a HREF="" title="">=></A> <a HREF="" title="">v?r</A> <a HREF="" title=""> </A> <a HREF="" title="">;</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1t</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0;</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">Q请0q</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_请</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_全</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">墻r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">秦m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">穷_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_取</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">q矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">秋r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">全r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">请r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">q哦</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_秋</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_其</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">乔r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_群</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">取r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_墻</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_乔</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_且</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">穷r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">卡r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">前m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_瘸</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_卡</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">q额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">q诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1t</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0;</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">J捐1j</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_景</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_卷</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">奖r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">仅m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">炯_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_局</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">j矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">酒r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">卷r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">景r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">j哦</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_酒</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_急</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">脚r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_军</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">局r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_奖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_脚</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_姐</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">炯r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">甲r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">简m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_绝</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_甲</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">j额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">j诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1;</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0;</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3;</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">Y杨2y</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">羊_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">引m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">永r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">y矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">友_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">眼m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">营r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_哟</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">有r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_姚</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">与r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">杨r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">要r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">也r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_永</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">元r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">芽r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">y额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">y诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">K况3k</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">k营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_款</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_扛</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_狂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">肯m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">k与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_凯</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_口</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">坎m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_吭</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">括_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">k友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">k以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_考</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">捆_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">苦_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">块_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">k尧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">k也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_孔</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_咖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">k严</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">魁_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">k芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_可</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_尅</A> | |||
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<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">Z赠9z</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">增r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_攥</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_藏</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">怎r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">怎m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">z与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_载</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_走</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">咱m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_增</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">佐_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">走r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">子_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_早</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">尊_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">组_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">藏r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">早r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">z也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_总</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_杂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">纂r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">嘴_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">杂r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_泽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_贼</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">O我<STRIKE>0</STRIKE>o</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">鞥r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_苑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_昂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">恩r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">恩m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">o与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_偶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">俺m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_鞥</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_哦</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">偶r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">o以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_敖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_运</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">屋_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">昂r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">敖r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">儿_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">o洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_阿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">园r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">约r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">阿r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0c</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">L留<STRIKE>1</STRIKE>l</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_领</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_卵</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_郎</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">林m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">l恩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_侣</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_来</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_楼</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">篮m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_棱</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">罗_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_留</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_理</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_老</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">轮_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">卢_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_凉</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_辽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_咧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_龙</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_拉</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">连m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_略</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_俩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_勒</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_雷</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0c</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">I你<STRIKE>2</STRIKE>i</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i婉</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i昂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i音</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i恩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i偶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i俺</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i鞥</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i窝</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i敖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i文</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i无</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i尧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i阿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i严</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">P泡<STRIKE>3</STRIKE>p</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_凭</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_旁</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">品m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">盆m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_牌</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_剖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">盘m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_朋</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_婆</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_皮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_跑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">谱_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_漂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_撇</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_爬</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">偏m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_培</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">H婚<STRIKE>4</STRIKE>h</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_环</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_航</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_黄</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">很m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_孩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_侯</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">含m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_横</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">火_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_好</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">混_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">胡_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">怀_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h尧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_哈</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h严</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">回_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_合</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_黑</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">U厨<STRIKE>5</STRIKE>u</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">成r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_船</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_场</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_床</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">晨m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">u与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_柴</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_筹</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">产m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_成</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">戳_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">筹r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">迟_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_潮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">纯_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">厨_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">揣_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">炒r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">欻_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_虫</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_查</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">船r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">垂_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">查r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_扯</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">u诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0c</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">N娘<STRIKE>6</STRIKE>n</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_拧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_暖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_囊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">您m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">嫩m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_女</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_乃</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_耨</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">男m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_能</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">挪_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_牛</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_泥</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_脑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">黁_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">奴_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_娘</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_鸟</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_捏</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_农</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_拿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">年m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_虐</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">n芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_呢</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_内</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">M苗<STRIKE>7</STRIKE>m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_名</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">m元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_忙</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">民m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">们m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">m与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_买</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_某</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">满m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_盟</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_魔</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_谬</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_米</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_毛</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">m云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">母_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">m羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_苗</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_咩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">m洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_码</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">免m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">m约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">m芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_么</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_美</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">R挼<STRIKE>8</STRIKE>r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">仍r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_软</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_嚷</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r网</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">人m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_柔</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">然m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_仍</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">若_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">柔r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">日_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_扰</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">润_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">如_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r外</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">扰r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">挼_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_容</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r阿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">软r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">睿_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">rAr</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_惹</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">S松<STRIKE>9</STRIKE>s</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">僧r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_酸</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_桑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">森r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">森m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">s与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_腮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_叟</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">伞m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_僧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">所_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">叟r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">死_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_扫</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">损_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">俗_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">桑r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">扫r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">s也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_耸</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_洒</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">酸r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">随_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">洒r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_色</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">s诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">A沙+a</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">省r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_栓</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_赏</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_爽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">审m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">a与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_筛</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_首</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">闪m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_省</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">说_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">首r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">时_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_少</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">吮_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">属_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">甩_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">少r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">耍_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">a洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_傻</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">拴r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">水_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">傻r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_蛇</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_谁</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">B编!b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_饼</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_榜</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">宾m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">本m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_百</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b偶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">版m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_甭</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_博</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_鼻</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_导</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">补_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_表</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_别</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_把</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">扁m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_背</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">C翠@c</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">层r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_窜</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_仓</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">涔r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">岑m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">c与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_彩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_凑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">残m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_层</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">痤_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">凑r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">词_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_草</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">存_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">簇_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">仓r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">草r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">c也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_从</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_擦</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">窜r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">崔_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">擦r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_侧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">c诶</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">D嗲#d</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_顶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_短</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_党</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">d网</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">扽m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">d与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_傣</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_抖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">胆m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_等</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">朵_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_丢</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_底</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_导</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">炖_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">独_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">d羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_刁</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_叠</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_懂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_达</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">典m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">堆_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_嗲</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_得</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_嘚</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">E这$e</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">整r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_转</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_涨</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_装</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">枕m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">e与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_窄</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_肘</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">展m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_整</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">浊_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">肘r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">只_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_找</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">准_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">主_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">跩_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">找r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">爪_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_种</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_闸</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">转r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">追_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">闸r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_者</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_这</A> | |||
<a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">F费%f</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_房</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f音</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">粉m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_否</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">反m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_冯</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_佛</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f敖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">符_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_覅</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_法</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f严</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_肥</A> | |||
</pre> | |||
Latest revision as of 01:02, 30 March 2010
基础是双合推导直观图从中蕴含了声母归类歌 四韵儿化表,可以包含普通话声母韵母。。。 俞苏宁先生 早被誉为中国的柴门霍夫,其设计的《理想语音图》广泛宣传并多次政府支助参展,是国际科技界的统一语言,可把国际专利代码等符号串变成最公平统一简短发音流!鉴于wikipedia管理者早在2003年的争议过节导致不准理想语之类的名词记录,所以只能在自家范围刊载以便让广大理想语爱好者有所关注 :)
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title="SuNing Yu">熊r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">霞r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">贤m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_穴</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_霞</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">x额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">x诶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1t</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">V佢5v</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">V羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v音</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v永</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_佢</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">V友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">V元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">V营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v哦</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">V尧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">v云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">V与</A> 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title="SuNing Yu">_耿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">国_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">g友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">g以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_搞</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">滚_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">谷_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">拐_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">g尧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">g也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_拱</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_嘎</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">g严</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">鬼_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">g芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_格</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_给</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">T毯8t</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">g营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_团</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_糖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">t网</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">t恩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">t与</A> 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title="SuNing Yu">O我<STRIKE>0</STRIKE>o</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">鞥r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_苑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_昂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">恩r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">恩m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">o与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_偶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">俺m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_鞥</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_哦</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">偶r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">o以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_敖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_运</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">屋_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">昂r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">敖r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">儿_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">o洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_阿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">园r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">约r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">阿r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_诶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0c</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">L留<STRIKE>1</STRIKE>l</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_领</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_卵</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_郎</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">林m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">l恩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_侣</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_来</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_楼</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">篮m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_棱</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">罗_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_留</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_理</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_老</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">轮_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">卢_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_凉</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_辽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_咧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_龙</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_拉</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">连m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_略</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_俩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_勒</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_雷</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0c</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">I你<STRIKE>2</STRIKE>i</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i婉</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i昂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i音</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i恩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i偶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i俺</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i鞥</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i窝</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i敖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i文</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i无</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i尧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i阿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i严</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">i诶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">P泡<STRIKE>3</STRIKE>p</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_凭</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_旁</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">品m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">盆m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_牌</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_剖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">盘m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_朋</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_婆</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_皮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_跑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">谱_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_漂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_撇</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_爬</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">偏m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">p额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_培</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">H婚<STRIKE>4</STRIKE>h</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_环</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_航</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_黄</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">很m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_孩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_侯</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">含m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_横</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">火_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_好</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">混_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">胡_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">怀_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h尧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_哈</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h严</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">回_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">h芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_合</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_黑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">U厨<STRIKE>5</STRIKE>u</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">成r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_船</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_场</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_床</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">晨m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">u与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_柴</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_筹</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">产m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_成</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">戳_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">筹r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">迟_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_潮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">纯_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">厨_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">揣_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">炒r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">欻_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_虫</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_查</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">船r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">垂_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">查r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_扯</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">u诶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0c</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">N娘<STRIKE>6</STRIKE>n</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_拧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_暖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_囊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">您m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">嫩m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_女</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_乃</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_耨</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">男m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_能</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">挪_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_牛</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_泥</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_脑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">黁_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">奴_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_娘</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_鸟</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_捏</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_农</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_拿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">年m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_虐</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">n芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_呢</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_内</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a 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title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">R挼<STRIKE>8</STRIKE>r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">仍r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_软</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_嚷</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r网</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">人m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_柔</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">然m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_仍</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">若_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">柔r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">日_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_扰</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">润_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">如_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r外</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">扰r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">挼_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_容</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r阿</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">软r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">睿_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">rAr</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_惹</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">r诶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">S松<STRIKE>9</STRIKE>s</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">僧r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_酸</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_桑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">森r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">森m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">s与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_腮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_叟</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">伞m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_僧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">所_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">叟r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">死_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_扫</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">损_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">俗_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">桑r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">扫r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">s也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_耸</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_洒</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">酸r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">随_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">洒r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_色</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">s诶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">A沙+a</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">省r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_栓</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_赏</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_爽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">审m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">a与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_筛</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_首</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">闪m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_省</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">说_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">首r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">时_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_少</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">吮_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">属_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">甩_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">少r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">耍_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">a洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_傻</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">拴r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">水_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">傻r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_蛇</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_谁</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">B编!b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_饼</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_榜</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">宾m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">本m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_百</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b偶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">版m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_甭</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_博</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_鼻</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_导</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">补_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_表</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_别</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_把</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">扁m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">b额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_背</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">C翠@c</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">层r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_窜</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_仓</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">涔r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">岑m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">c与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_彩</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_凑</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">残m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_层</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">痤_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">凑r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">词_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_草</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">存_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">簇_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">仓r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">草r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">c也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_从</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_擦</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">窜r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">崔_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">擦r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_侧</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">c诶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">D嗲#d</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_顶</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_短</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_党</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">d网</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">扽m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">d与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_傣</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_抖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">胆m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_等</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">朵_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_丢</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_底</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_导</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">炖_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">独_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">d羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_刁</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_叠</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_懂</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_达</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">典m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">堆_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_嗲</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_得</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_嘚</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2b</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">E这$e</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">整r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_转</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_涨</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_装</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">枕m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">e与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_窄</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_肘</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">展m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_整</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">浊_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">肘r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">只_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_找</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">准_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">主_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">跩_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">找r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">爪_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_种</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_闸</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">转r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">追_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">闸r</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_者</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_这</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">3-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">2-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">0-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">1-</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">F费%f</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f营</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f元</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_房</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f音</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">粉m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f与</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f矮</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_否</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">反m</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_冯</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_佛</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f友</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f以</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f敖</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f云</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">符_</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f羊</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_覅</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f也</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f洪</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_法</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f严</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f约</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f芽</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">f额</A> <a HREF="" title="SuNing Yu">_肥</A>
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如下 正在修改, 理想汉语 比照 普通话汉语:)
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標準汉语语法中最大的特点是没有严格意义的形态变化。名词没有格的变化,也没有性和数的区别。动词不分人称,也没有时态。这一不同于欧洲语言的特点,使得在历史上很长一段时间内,汉语被很多语言学家认为没有语法也没有词类,直到20世纪著名历史学家威尔·杜兰在《文明的故事》第一卷《东方的遗产》一书中仍然认为汉语没有语法和词类。现在的观点认为,汉语有语法也有词类,只是它的语法不同于欧洲语言,而且一个词语存在多词性现象。
汉语语法的另外一个特点是省略。不影響大概意思的词往往省略掉。
語素
- Main article: 语素
在现代汉语裡,语素是最小的语音语义结合体,是最小的语言单位。“一个语言片段,一层一层的切分,分到不能再分的最小的单位,就是语素。”例如,“树胶”这个词可以分成“树”与“胶”两个语素,有“树木所产生的胶汁”之意。
在汉语里,大多数的单字同时也是一个语素,例如:“我、他、家、飞、跟、动、太、是、日、月、过、了、着、啊、呀”等等;不过,有些语素由两个以上的汉字组成,如“蜻蜓”、“葡萄”等,因为当“蜻”与“蜓”、“葡”与“萄”分开时,并不会带来任何含义,或者单字语素的含义和前者没有直接关系,如“葡”(葡萄牙的简称)与“葡萄”(一种水果)。
一些二字单词如“马虎”也是一个语素,因为“马虎”(形容草率)拆成“马”与“虎”时,“马”与“虎”这两个字所带的语素含义和“草率”没有关系。还有许多外来音译词,如:“巧克力、维基、英格兰、葡萄牙”等等也是不能再拆分的语素。
有些语素可以单独成词,如:“我、家、有、个、大、徘徊”等等,称为单纯词,也可以和其他语素合成一个新的词,如:“书包、百科、跑步、天气、葡萄糖”等等,称为合成词。还有许多不能单独成词的语素,即不自由语素和半自由词素。
依音节位数来划分,可分为:
- 单音节语素
- 双音节语素
- 多音节语素
- 非音节语素
依构词能力来划分,可分为:
- 自由语素
- 半自由语素
- 不自由语素
词
汉语词类,有别于其它语言,特别是汉语作为意音文字,更有别于拼音文字。汉语词性也和其他语言有共性,词语可以拥有两种或以上词性,从文法的角度来看,和其他语言之间共有的基本词类有动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词和连接词等。
汉语词类没有统一的划分标准,分类方法很多,基本上可按照詞的音節形式、詞的內部結構及語法功能三方面來分類。
音節形式
- 單音節詞
- 雙音節詞
- 多音節詞
內部結構
只由一個語素構成的詞稱為單純詞,由兩個或以上語素構成的詞稱為合成詞。
单纯词
- Main article: 单纯词
所有单音节的词,都是单纯词,例:天、人、地、山、跑、撞、好。
多音节语素独立而成的单纯词,可分为:
连绵词(連緜詞)
連綿詞又稱「聯綿詞」、「連綿字」,它是指不能拆開來解釋的詞。連綿詞有這些分類:
- 雙聲詞,聲母相同,如「慷慨」
- 疊韻詞,韻母相同,如「窈窕」、「駱駝」、「徘徊」
- 雙聲疊韻詞,同音重複,如「孜孜」
- 非雙聲疊韻詞,如「嘀咕」
叠声词
拟声词
音译外来词
合成词
- Main article: 合成词
合成詞由两个以上的语素合成,可分再為下列幾種結構:聯合式、偏正式、主謂式、動賓式、補充式、重疊式、附加式。
- 聯合式:組成的語素意義相同、相近、相反或相關。
- 例:国家、左右、上下、江河、江山、宫殿、子女、兄弟姐妹、手足、父母、管理、动摇、超越、攻击、皇帝、美丽。
- 偏正式:前一個語素限制或修飾後一個語素,詞的意義以後一個語素為主,前一個語素只起附加作用,前為偏,後為正。
- 主謂式:前一個語素表示被陳述的物件,後一個語素表示陳述的情況。
- 動賓式:前一個語素表示動作、行為,後一個語素表示動作、行為所支配的對象。詞的前部分通常是動詞,後部分是名詞,也可以是動詞或形容詞。
- 例:走路、赶路、起步、参军、游水、伤心、开心、司法、行政。
- 補充式:後一個語素補充說明前一個語素,詞的意義以前一個語素為主。前部分是述語,只能是動詞或名詞,後部分是補語,通常是動詞、形容詞或狀態詞。
- 例:推动、赶走、说服、书本、车辆、花朵、马匹、纸张。
- 重疊式:相同的語素重疊組成,
- 例:走走、看看、听听、婆婆、妈妈、爷爷、苦苦、囡囡、细细。
- 附加式:加上前缀或后缀的词,一般上前缀与后缀为不自由语素。可分为前加式与后加式。
- 前加式,例:老鼠、老虎、老师、老外、老末、老大、阿嬷、阿姨、第一。
- 后加式,例:狮子、桌子、椅子、猴子、花儿、鸟儿、活性、惰性、好的、快乐的。
- 两者综合,例:可塑性、小三儿、反全球化
歧义
一个词在没有语境的情况下不能只按字面意义解释,如主謂式的“冬至”中冬为名词,指冬天;至为动词,指来到,字面上可以理解为“冬天 来了”,然而其作为一个单独的词是指中国农历里的一个节气,是日照时间最短的一天。由此也可看出,以构词法组成的词,其含义虽和构词语素有一定联系,但也不能逐字理解。
語法功能
基本分为实词和虚词二类,也有人将拟声词与叹词其归入虚词。基本共用的词类划分有
名词
表示人或事物(包括具体、抽象事物及时间、处所等)的名称。
動詞
表示動作、行為、心理活動或存在、變化、消失等。
玩 打 畫 寫 走 跑 跳 看 聽 哭 笑 叫 喊
形容詞
美丽的 漂亮的 醜陋的 溫柔的 凶狠的 棒的 好的
狀態詞
區別詞
数词
如:负二、零、一、十九点零三、一十八、十万九千七百、两千零八、十三亿、十万万
量词
个 支 块、包、攤、車、袋、堆、群、箱、碗
代词
代替名词,动词,形容词,数量词,副词的词。 如:我,她,它,你们,某些人,那个
副词
起修饰,限制动词或形容词作用,表示程度或范围的词。副词可独立作为句子成份(如状语)。如:正在、刚刚、有时、常常、不断地、Template:H:title(修饰动词),很、非常、极度、太(修饰形容词)。
介词
置于代名词(或相当于名词的短语、从句)前、用以修饰后者的虚词,不能单独成句子成份,例如:从、Template:H:title、跟、和、对、向、被、当、往。
连词
将两组单句联系起来的虚词,使之成为一个复句,用以表示前后两组单句的承接关系。如:和、与、及、以及、可是、但是、虽然……但是、因為……所以、是……不是、如果……那么、如果……就、由于……因此、与其……不如、要是……就、不但……而且、不止……还、既……也、要么……要么、一边……一边、一面……一面。
助词
不独立的虚词,多用来联系谓语、补语及宾语成份,如:着、了、地、得、的。
语气词有时也被归类为助词,称作“语气助词”。
語氣詞
有时也称为语气助词,多用于句尾,表达句子的语气。如:呀,嗎,啊,吧,呢。
字母词语
词语中的“字母词语”,汉语中有很多外来语(这些“字母词语”能不能算汉语和是否应该引入汉语具有争议),特别是英语构成的词语,形式有
- 直接借用外语或数字的缩写或编号构成词语,如WTO、NBA、CIA、3D、N95、F22等;
- 由字母加汉语语素汉字构成的词语,如e化、IC卡、IP电话、SIM卡、PC机、pH值、IT产业等;
- 直接引用英语科学术语或计算机程序语言不作汉化, linux、windows、e-Mail,主要集中于科技领域;
- 直接引用外语的写法,原因是汉语中没有用于表述该词的词语或者那个词语本身就是无意义的。如物种拉丁名如Alveolata。
- 直接引用其他语言的读音或加上汉字(多为类别等限定性的语素,前后皆可,亦有前后都加的)的汉语,如:坦克、尼龙、摩托车、因特网、珠穆朗玛峰、歇斯底里、小卡特河(Little Carter River),拷贝,(动词名词均有),克隆,蒙太奇等;
另外汉语也有很多外来词,其中很大部分是英语词的直接音译;另外值得提出的是,日语词的汉字直接引进或者略加变形。
- 直接引用外文对词语的写法,而成为一个或多个新的语素(主要来自源于汉语的日语)。如派出所、不动产、科学(康有为於20世纪初从日本引入)、电话、卡拉OK等;
- 对外文进行音译和意译的结合,如可口可乐、T恤、维他命、盖世太保、嬉皮士、几何、迷你等;
- 化学元素周期表中的化学专用字,很大部分也可以算作是外来音译,例如:镁、氖、硒、呋喃、茚等。
詞組(短語)
- Main article: 词组
短语由两个以上的词所组成,一般上不算是完整句子。根据词性成份,可分为并列短语、同位短语、偏正短语、动宾短语、谓补短语、主谓短语、连动短语、兼语短语、介宾短语等。
并列(联合)短语
由两个以上意义、词性相当的词并列组成的短语,之间可能有介词或连词、连接,例:“我和他”、“美丽聪慧”、“高大威猛”、“唱歌跳舞”、“又唱又跳”、“一边走路,一边赏花”、“陆地与海洋”。
同位短语
由两个以上词语组成、从不同角度指同一事物的短语,例:“我们两个”、“咱们仨”、“宝岛台湾”、“世界最长的建筑物——万里长城”、“马来西亚首都吉隆坡”、“台湾作家龙应台”、“诗仙李白”、“诗圣杜甫”、“东方之珠香港”。
偏正短语
前面的词修饰、描述后面的中心词而组成的短语,中间可能有介词“的”、“之”、“地”等连接,例:“我的妈妈”、“美丽的上海”、“美国总统”、“我家”、“高兴地说”。
动宾(述宾)短语
前面的动词支配后面的词(宾语),例:“看书”、“唱歌”、“洗衣服”、“编写新书”、“做蛋糕”、“听歌”、“穿越森林”。
谓补(述补)短语
后面的词(补语)补充前面的动词(谓语),中间可能有介词“得”连接,例:“吓坏”、“打破”、“打死”、“看得入神”、“笑成一团”、“走得快”、“变得不像样”。
主谓短语
主語和謂語是一對相互依存的概念。在後面陳述主語的叫謂語,在前面被謂語陳述的稱之為主語,有主才有謂,反之亦然。語法體系裡不存在「沒有主語的謂語」,也沒有「單獨存在的主語」。果真沒有謂語時,「主語」也不是主語了,反之亦然,例:你开始哭了、他坚持离去、小明没有带东西;斜体字部份为主谓短语。
连动(连谓)短语
描述两个以上连续、接连而下动作的短语,先做了前面的动作再做接下来的动作,不同于并列短语,一般有两个以上的动词,例如:“开门出去”、“拿起书包开门出去”、“起立行礼”、“提笔写字”、“拿起来看看”
兼语短语
由动宾短语与主谓短语组合起来的短语,例:“叫他出去”、“抓他出来”、“哄孩子睡觉”、“供一家吃饭”、“教学生读书”、“学老师讲话”。
介宾短语
由介词(在前)与宾语(在后)组成的短语,例:我在家里睡觉、我和你一起走走。
“的地得”(程度状态连接语素)
此处讨论“的”“地”“得”三个词是指汉语中特殊的连接词,并非用作介词和语气助词。 严格的说这三个字并不算词语,而是联系语素。
“的”字用法
用于连接形容词(或表示状态的短语)和其后被作用的词语,可以是名词、代词、动词(做名词时)、形容词、短语等。“的”字前面的词语用来修饰、限制“的”后面的事物,表示“的”后面的事物怎么样。
而名词和代词后面用“的”表示所有和归属,与上述不同。
例:
蓝蓝的天(形容词+的+名词)
可爱的你(形容词+的+代名詞)
漫无目的的搜索(状态短语+的+动名词,此时“搜索”是动名词,如:探险队在森林里作出一次漫无目的的搜索。)
可供查证的参考来源(状态短语+的+名词性短语)
漂亮的蓝(形容词+的+形容词,在这种结构下,“蓝”起名词的作用)
我的他(名词+的+名词)
“地”字用法
状态词或状态短语+地构成状语,其后连接被作用的词语,主要是动词和动词短语。A+地+B的结构,表示动作B以状态A进行着。
“地”在一般使用中极容易混淆成“的”,而按照约定俗成的习惯也认可“的”代替“地”这种用法(因为在汉语中,动作本身可以被看作是一个名词)。另外,“地”字也经常被省略掉。
例:
飞快地跑开了(副词+动词短语)
紧张地耕作(副词+动词)
漫无目的地搜索(状态短语+地+动词,此时“走动”是动词,如:探险队在森林里漫无目的地搜索。)
高兴地跳起来(副词+动词短语,此时“跳起来”是动词短语,表示动作,如:第二个动作还没完成,他就高兴地跳起来。)
“得”字用法
用于连接动词、副词、形容词、或表示状态的短语(但不能是名词、代词、数词、量词等以及不能表现状态的短语)和其后被作用的词语,主要是形容词和副词以及状态短语。“得”字后面的词语用来补充、修饰、限制“得”前面的动作或状态,说明“得”前面的词语怎么样,多是表示前面词语的程度,可以部分看作是“地”的反转结构。
例:
跑得快(动词+副词)
扔得很远(动词+形容词)
你的背包旧得很好看(形容词+形容词短语)
高兴得跳了起来(副词+动词短语,此时“跳了起来”是状态短语,表示动作,用于修饰“高兴”,如:所有动作完成后,他禁不住高兴得跳了起来。)
三者的语境
可以简单地认为:
“的”字表示事物的状态,强调的是“的”字前面的词语;
“地”字表示动作的状态,强调的是“地”字前面的词语;
“得”字表示状态的补充,强调的是“得”字后面的词语。
句子
句子分為單句及複句。單句分為主謂句及非主謂句。
單句
主謂句
主谓句是由主谓短语带上一定的语调构成的句子。
根据谓语词性不同,主谓句可分为名词谓语句、动词谓语句、形容词谓语句、主谓谓语句四种类型。其中,主谓谓语句是由主谓短语充当谓语的主谓句。
如果根据主语的存廢來劃分,主谓句又可分为完全主谓句和不完全主谓句。
完全主謂句
「完全主謂句」就是指句子裡有主謂結構並且主謂部分都顯現出來,沒有被省略的句子。例如: Template:Quote 「被金錢龜吃了」的謂語部分就是對主語「小強」的陳述了。
不完全主謂句
「不完全主謂句」是指句子裡有主謂結構,但主語或謂語部分可能在特定的語境裡承前或蒙後省略了,沒全都顯現出來的句子。例如: Template:Quote 要注意的是,「不完全主謂句」裡,被省略的主語或謂語成分並非不存在,只是在特定語境裡,為簡鍊而省略了,我們是可以按文意酌情補回省略了的主、謂部分而不影響文意的。上例「小強。」便是「不完全主謂句」,我們能按文意補上「~被金錢龜吃了」使之變成「完全主謂句」而意義不變的,但因為承前文毛小慧的問話,不說自明,所以省去謂語部分更好。
非主謂句
「非主謂句」跟「不完全主謂句」外觀上相似,不過跟「不完全主謂句」不同,「非主謂句」之所以不呈現主謂結構,並非因為在特定語境承前蒙後而把主語或謂語略省了,而是因為「非主謂句」的確是沒有主謂結構的句子,這是「不完全主謂句」和「非主謂句」的根本分別。譬如,有時在特定場合裡,我們在沒有上文下理的情況下,帶語調地喊一句「小強。」(或「小強!」或「小強?」,或驚恐或歡欣,視乎喊「小強」的是余樂天還是毛小慧),也能表達一個完整的意思。這不是主語或謂語的省略,而是根本無需補出主謂結構。我們雖然可以任意為「小強」補上語境或其他句子成分使之成為主謂句,但無論補上什麼,原句的語意都一定會被改變。也就是說,改了以後,也是另一句句子。我們根本無法在原句本義不變的情況下補出一個合適的主謂結構來。「不完全主謂句」和「非主謂句」的分別就在此顯明了
複句與分句
複句由分句構成(「分句」也有稱為「單句形式」)。有異於短語之於句子,分句在句子裡並不互為句子成分,而且,各分句均已具備單句的形式(可以是單句的主謂句形式或非主謂句形式)。
當然,這獨立性只是相對短語而言。「單句形式」的獨立性還是遜於「單句」的。
我們試以「複句會使用關聯詞語,單句不使用關聯詞語」這句為例。這複句的兩個分句都具備了單句的形式,它們各自是一個完備的主謂句結構,且分句與分句之間也只是並列關係,並不存在主謂賓定狀補等句子成分關係。假使獨立出來,觀之亦與一句完整的單句無異。假使我們把上例兩個單句形式單獨運用來表述意思時,它們是就是兩句單句,可以各自有完整的語調。
當然,作為複句,合讀時自有複句的句調,不可割裂。複句裡的分句,也不具備完整的意義,不可獨立應用,不足表述一個完整自足、不用補充的概念。
复句的基本类型:1、并列复句,2、承接复句,3、递进复句,4、选择复句,5、转折复句,6、假设复句,7、因果复句,8、条件复句,9、解说复句,10、目的复句。
把字句
- Main article: 把字句
该句型是属于宾语前置的一种情况,在现代汉语中,一个完整的句子是比较严格的遵循“主+谓+宾”的顺序结构的。该种句型来自于古汉语,“把”字是将宾语提前的一个特征,成为“主+‘把’+宾+谓”的语序,亦可将“把”看作是谓语,而后的动词看作是谓语补足语。可以认为“把”的语义与英语中的“take to”相同。 等同于“把”字的动词还有“将”“拿”等,但语境更为书面化(特别是“拿”字句)。
例:
小明把鼠标拿到手中。
病毒把系统破坏了。
我手持钢鞭将你打了。
请将书翻到53页。
他将旗子举起。
夕阳将傍晚的天空照得通红。
午时三刻拿重犯开刀问斩。
我将拿你是问!(此处的“将”代表将来语态)
被字句
- Main article: 被字句
被字句在汉语当中用表示被动语态,此时的次序为“宾+‘被’主+谓”,亦可将被字句看作与把字句相似的句型,二者都是将谓语后置(如果将受动者看成是主语的话)。
但与把字句不同的是:被字句可以省略掉主语,亦可省略“被”字(本句话完整的表达为“被字句可以被省略掉主语,亦可被省略掉‘被’字”,但这样不太符合汉语的一般表达)。
“被”字也可以用“遭”“叫”“让”“给”字代替(多出现在方言或口语当中,相对少见)以及“为”“受”字代替(多用于书面语和古文)。
例:
我被打了。(省略主语)
我被他打了。
我遭他打了。
我给人打了。
他叫人给糊弄了。
一世英豪竟为奸人所害。
受制于人。
矿泉水遭他喝完了。
你让他骗了。
鱼将被小猫吃掉。
他被无耻的叛徒出卖。
囚犯被关押在一个秘密的地方。(省略主语,“一个秘密的地方”是状语)
把字句和被字句的转换
把字句和被字句可以相互转换,即按照“宾+‘被’主+谓”和“主+‘把’+宾+谓”的顺序进行互换,在这种情况下,被字句中通常不能有省略掉的成分(在一些文学作品中,根据上下文的连接也可在把字句中省略主语,但和被字句强调的成分不同)。
例:
他把我打了↔我被他打了。
鱼将被小猫吃掉↔小猫将把鱼吃掉。
“他做了什么?”“把我敲晕了!”↔“他做了什么?”“我被敲晕了!”(前一句的语境强调施动者的动作,后一句强调受动者的感受)
时态
汉语中动词没有时态的变化,而时态也不如英语中那么分明和强烈,通常是通过时间状语和一些“时态词”(如原来、曾经、了、掉、完成、将、正在、已经、开始、结束等)来表示动作的时态。
现在时
该时态是最常见的,同于英语,不用加上时间状语和“时态词”。
例:
这个网站是维基百科。
运动员跑步。
他名叫“徐庶”。
过去时
对过去的动作描述多加上时间状语或“原来”“曾经”等时态词。
例:
这个网站过去不是维基百科。
运动员昨天下午在跑步。
他曾经名为“单福”。
将来时
对未来的动作描述多加上时间状语或“将”“要”等时态词。
例:
这个网站将成为全球最大的百科全书网站。
运动员明天跑步。
他要更名为“徐元直”。
进行时
对进行中的动作描述多加上时间状语或“正在”“正”“在”等时态词。
例:
这个网站正在成为全球最大的百科全书网站。
运动员目前正在跑步。
他正着手于改名为“徐元直”的手续。
完成时
对完成的动作描述多加上时间状语并加上“完成”“已经”“了”等时态词。
例:
这个网站已经成为了全球最大的百科全书网站。
运动员跑完了。
他已经改名叫“徐元直”。
时态的组合
同于英语,以上时态可以进行组合。
例:
这个网站昨天已经成为了全球最大的百科全书网站。(过去完成时)
两年前,这个网站正在成为全球最大的百科全书网站。(过去进行时)
当时就知道这个网站将成为全球最大的百科全书网站。(过去将来时)
这个网站直到现在还是全球最大的百科全书网站。(现在完成进行时)
运动员还在跑步。(现在完成进行时)
他叫徐庶已经三年多了。(现在完成进行时)
他去年更名单福后又要改成叫徐元直。(过去将来时)
运动员说他们将要跑步。(过去将来进行时)
运动员要开始跑步了。(将来进行时)
他将要做的事情是去将名字改成徐元直。(过去将来进行时)
明天这个时候,他将去办理更名叫徐元直的手续。(将来进行时)
明天这个时候,他将更名叫徐元直。(将来完成时)
运动员将在一个钟头后跑完。(将来完成时)
运动员一个钟头后还会继续跑下去。(将来完成进行时)
庞士元和诸葛孔明说他明年还是会名叫徐元直。(过去将来完成进行时)
到三点钟时运动员就跑了一个小时二十分钟了。(过去将来完成进行时)
到2020年,这个网站会继续保持成为全球最大的百科全书网站的历史最长时间记录。(过去将来完成进行时)
……不一一类举,汉语中对时态的需求并不如英语那般正式和迫切,只需要将事件描述清楚,不必在乎到底是什么时态。相反的,过分在乎时态会导致描述的不准确。
句群
句群是大於句子的語言片斷,它是由一組有明晰的中心意思、前後銜接連貫的句子組成的,同時它又是文章段落的組成材料。
句群不同於複句,從書面形式看,複句祇有一個句末標點,而句群不止一個句末標點;複句內部的分句結構比較嚴密,常使用成群的或單個的關聯詞語,而句群中的句子和句子之間在結構上比較鬆散,不需要特別使用關聯詞語來表示句子與句子的語義關係;此外,句群還用詞彙手段關聯句子,也即用相同或相似的詞語來關聯,這也是與複句不同的。
句群和文章的自然段落也不同。一般而言,自然段落是比句群大的語言片段,自然段落通常包含了一個以上的句群。有的時候,段落與句群是重合的,一個句群就是一個自然段落,少數的時候,自然段落比句群還要小,句群裡的句子被分為了幾個自然段落。
句群的分類在語法學上最有意義的是對句群結構類型的分類,這種分類是根據句群內部句子之間組合關係的類型。句群的結構類型常見的有十種:
- 並列關係:特點是句群內部的句子是平等並列的關係,各個句子對一件事物的不同方面進行描述,或從不同角度敘述幾件有密切關係的事物;
- 順承關係:各個句子按時間或事件的發展先後順序排列,前後句子是承接的關係;
- 是遞進關係:後面的句子在意思上比前面的句子更進一層;
- 是總分關係:句子之間一般是先總說,後分說;
- 是選擇關係:各個句子都是說明情況,讓人從中選擇一種;
- 是轉折關係:前後的句子在意思上有轉折;
- 是因果關係:前後句子有原因和結果的關係;
- 是假設關係:也就是前後的句子是假設和結果的關係;
- 是條件關係:前面的句子提出條件,後面的句子說出結果;
- 是目的關係:前面的句子提到某種行為,後面的句子說到行為的目的。
如果句群內部的句子之間祇有一種結構關係,即一個結構層次,就是簡單句群;如果句群內部的句子結構關係不止一種,其結構層次不止一層,就是多重句群。
句群的切分,是指一個自然段包含有幾個句群時,如何劃分句群的問題。劃分句群,主要是要根據句子之間的語義關係,分出自然段裡有幾個相對獨立的語義中心,圍繞著這些語義中心組合起來的句子,就是一個句群。要注意的是,組成自然段的不但有句群,也會有句子,切分時要把句群和句子分清楚。