Tanemantin: Difference between revisions
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|'''Plosive/Affricate''' | |'''Plosive/Affricate''' | ||
|''' | |'''b''' /b/ | ||
|'''t''' /t/ | |'''t''' /t/ '''d''' /d/ | ||
| | |||
|''' | |'''j''' /ʤ/ | ||
|'''k''' /k/ | |'''k''' /k/ '''g''' /g/ | ||
|'''ʔ''' /ʔ/ | |'''ʔ''' /ʔ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Fricative''' | |'''Fricative''' | ||
|''' | |'''v''' /β/ | ||
| | | | ||
|'''s''' /s/ | |'''s''' /s/ | ||
|'''š''' /ʃ/ | |'''š''' /ʃ/ | ||
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|'''n''' /n/ | |'''n''' /n/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | |'''ŋ''' /ŋ/ | ||
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|} | |} | ||
There are four vowel phonemes /i e a o / '''i e a o''', aswell as six diphthongs, all falling /ai ei | There are four vowel phonemes /i e a o u / '''i e a o u''', aswell as six diphthongs, all falling /ai ei oi au eu ou/ '''ai ei oi au eu ou''' | ||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
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===Syllable Structure=== | ===Syllable Structure=== | ||
Tanemantin has a CV(C) syllable structure, with the caveat that only | Tanemantin has a CV(C) syllable structure, with the caveat that only /n m ŋ ʔ/. Word-internal clusters which are permitted are /ʔt ʔk ʔm ʔn ʔŋ nt ŋk ns/. | ||
== Nominal Morphology == | == Nominal Morphology == | ||
Revision as of 13:24, 16 February 2010
Tanemantin is one of the Ke:tic languages and a descendent of the classical language Sarim.
Phonology
Tanemantin distinguishes between 17 consonant phonemes
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
| Plosive/Affricate | b /b/ | t /t/ d /d/ | j /ʤ/ | k /k/ g /g/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | |
| Fricative | v /β/ | s /s/ | š /ʃ/ | h /h/ | ||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | |||
| Liquid | w /w/ | l /l/ | r /ɾ/ | y /j/ |
There are four vowel phonemes /i e a o u / i e a o u, aswell as six diphthongs, all falling /ai ei oi au eu ou/ ai ei oi au eu ou
Stress
Stress in Tanemantin is non-phonemic, always falling on the penultimate syllable of the word unless an adjacent syllable has a long vowel nucleus, in which case the stress shifts to that syllable. If both the final and antepenultimate vowels are long, stress falls on the final vowel. Monosyllabic semantic words are stressed, grammatical particles are not.
Syllable Structure
Tanemantin has a CV(C) syllable structure, with the caveat that only /n m ŋ ʔ/. Word-internal clusters which are permitted are /ʔt ʔk ʔm ʔn ʔŋ nt ŋk ns/.
Nominal Morphology
Tanemantin nouns have two genders: animate and inanimate. Animate nouns include humans, animals, deities and spirits, aswell as certain other words such as inim 'the Sun'. Inanimate nouns are everything else. Tanemantin nouns are also declined for two cases: Absolute and Ergative, aswell as for plurality. Case markers follow
Plurality
Each gender has a different plural morpheme:
Animate nouns have plurals in -me. If a noun stem ends in Vt or Vh, this becomes V:, whist stem-final -n/m after a vowel is lost, without vowel lengthening. If a stem ends in a consonant cluster, an epenthetic -i- is inserted.
Inanimate nouns form plurals with -ā. After a long vowel, and monosyllabic words ending in a short vowel, this becomes -yā. Polysyllabic words ending in a short vowel lengthen the vowel.
Animate nouns are always marked for plurality. Inanimate nouns are never marked for plurality if their noun phrase includes a number or an adjective indicating plurality such as pei 'some', and plural marking in other situations is optional.
Absolutive Case
The absolutive case is unmarked. Stems ending in a consonant cluster or non-permitted coda have an epenthetic -e, e.g. mach- 'house' has the absolutive singular form mache.
Ergative Case
The ergative case is marked by the morpheme -n, -an after a consonant, and -ne following a long vowel except in the case of the inanimate plural morpheme, which becomes -en.
