Proto-Samic: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(basics) |
(→Consonant changes: are we done?) |
||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
==Consonant changes== | ==Consonant changes== | ||
===Proto-Uralic to Pre-Samic (≈ "Finno-Volgaic")=== | |||
* *x → k | * Vx → Vː / _C | ||
* *ś → | * w → ∅ / _{y u o} (shared with Finnic, Mordvinic, Mari) | ||
* j → ∅ / _{i e} (not sure about this) | |||
===Pre-Samic to Proto-Samic=== | |||
* x, ŋ → *w / _t (*xt only occurring in newer derivativs) | |||
* x → k | |||
* ðʲ → ð (also lʲ → l, if it exists separately) | |||
* sʲ <ś> → tɕ <č> | |||
* tʃ ʃ <č š> → ts s <c s> | |||
* ∅ → j / #_eː | |||
* ∅ → v / #_oː (these after the splitting off of *oa *ea) | |||
* w → v (even syllable-finally) | |||
Revision as of 14:51, 13 November 2009
Vowel changes
Possibly original Proto-Uralic: *e → *ɪ / _i (see *ê)
Shared with Mordvinic & Nenets (!!)
- *ü → *i
- *i u → *ɪ *ʊ (*iː *uː remain)
Remainder
- V → Vː / [-HIGH]
- a-umlaut: *eː *äː *oː → *ea *aa *oa / _C{aː, oː} (note that this *aː = <á> is distinct from *ɑː!)
- *äː *ɑː → *eː *oː (shared with Finnic) / [+STR]
- *aː → *eː / [-STR]
- *ɪ *ʊ → *ɤ *o (a late change - consider eg the northern Lappland toponym*ɤnárɤš → Finnish Inari)
This results in the following inventory:
- long vowels */iː eː ea aː oa oː uː/ <í é ea á oa ó ú>
- short vowels */ɤ o/ <ë o>
The shortening of *iː *uː → *i *u and the diphthongization *eː *oː → *ie *uo may postdate Proto-Samic.
Consonant changes
Proto-Uralic to Pre-Samic (≈ "Finno-Volgaic")
- Vx → Vː / _C
- w → ∅ / _{y u o} (shared with Finnic, Mordvinic, Mari)
- j → ∅ / _{i e} (not sure about this)
Pre-Samic to Proto-Samic
- x, ŋ → *w / _t (*xt only occurring in newer derivativs)
- x → k
- ðʲ → ð (also lʲ → l, if it exists separately)
- sʲ <ś> → tɕ <č>
- tʃ ʃ <č š> → ts s <c s>
- ∅ → j / #_eː
- ∅ → v / #_oː (these after the splitting off of *oa *ea)
- w → v (even syllable-finally)
