User:Bukkia/sandboxVI: Difference between revisions

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''Ó Lánc latinárenon alfabéten poljes, with some letters modified to adapt to its phonetic conformation. The distinction mízt dlygýt ši škužýt ermonačýt vnosum wažúm ér. Most evidently it has an SOV shape, i.e. ó gúlga comes at the end of its sentence, after subject and object. Ony učy, ony odašuvačany ši pronouns make an extensive use of cases to show their syntatical role inside the sentences. Ony gúlgaj kokwe ono '''džébačnovo''' ši ono '''kwónačnovo''' vnosum nošek, žočot onu kondicjonalu, and participles have great relevance. Onyt gúlgajyt each person has its own verbal ending and personal subject pronouns are not mandatorily required.''
''Ó Lánc latinárenon alfabéten poljes, with some letters modified to adapt to its phonetic conformation. The distinction mízt dlygýt ši škužýt ermonačýt vnosum wažúm ér. Most evidently it has an SOV shape, i.e. ó gúlga comes at the end of its sentence, after subject and object. Ony učy, ony odašuvačany ši pronouns make an extensive use of cases to show their syntatical role inside the sentences. Ony gúlgaj kokwe ono '''džébačnovo''' ši ono '''kwónačnovo''' vnosum nošek, žočot onu kondicjonalu, and participles have great relevance. Onyt gúlgajyt each person has its own verbal ending and personal subject pronouns are not mandatorily required.''


Ájerev vnoso čépo pjérmá pémavač, pémáv bánon éštiwo; hí framil sáljev, siwnáv hranuwo dér ona tašmiša. Ó pémavač ona framila lolev: "Taméske džú twačec? Čefát ši ša kijen pém!" Ó framil fánev: "Hranu dér ona tašmiša siwnu, to kokwe njubec!". Ó pémavač lolev: "Ét! Čuk vnos hranu ájér!". Počle tašm tašmiš átjev, ši ó pémavač béf zahranu rímev. Onás framilás rójev ši hija mánéwo hranuwo cážev. Ó framil cážev: "Mó bánon éštiwo toljuvec?". Hí fánev: "Pémevu", ši ó framil lolev: "Dénum! Čuk žum!"
===Šanermonačy===
Lak šanermonačáron sistéma onot šanermonačároton IPA ''table'' ér:


''Once upon a time there was a grasshopper, which sang all summer; she saw an ant, collecting food for (the) winter. The grasshopper told the ant: "Why do you work in this way? Stop and sing with me!" The ant answered: "I am collecting food for (the) winter! You too shall (do it)!" The grasshopper said: "No! There's much food now!" Then a cold winter came, and the grasshopper was starving. She goes to the ant and asked her for some food. The ant asked: "What did you do during all summer?". She answered "I sang", and the ant said: "Well, now dance!"''
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Šanermonačy
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Bilabialy ||colspan=2| Labjo-<br>dentaly ||colspan=2| Dentaly ||colspan=2| Alveolary ||colspan=2| Post-<br>alveolary ||colspan=2| Palataly ||colspan=2| Velary
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| <small>Oklusivy</small> || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || || || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| <small>Nasaly</small> || || {{IPA|m}} || || {{IPA|[ɱ]}}<sup>1</sup> || || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || {{IPA|[ŋ]}}<sup>2</sup>
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| <small>Vibranty</small> || || || || || || || || {{IPA|r}} || || || || || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| <small>Frikativy</small> || || || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|v}}|| || || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|z}}|| {{IPA|ʃ}} || {{IPA|ʒ}} || || || {{IPA|x}} ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| <small>Affrikaty</small> || || || || || || || {{IPA|ʦ}}|| || {{IPA|tʃ}} || {{IPA|dʒ}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| <small>Approksimanty</small> || || || || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|w}} || || {{IPA|j}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| <small>Lateral<br>approksimanty</small> || || || || || || || || {{IPA|l}}
|}


Skorpjon onot rejvot fósu grága cážev: "Kija wáč, ono fóswo dánmenor njubu!" Ýbo ó grág fánev: "Ét! Jék toja wáču, kijo tepínktesec". Ó skorpjon lolev: "Jék tó ačot tepínktasu, kí kokwe terímasu. Ét tetoljusu!" Ó frog akranuv ši ono skorpjono majvuv. Swíz onot dimíčot onu fósu ervuke, ó skorpjon ono grágo pínktev. Hí taméske cážev ši ó skorpjon fánev: "Znodžu žá terímesu, ýbo kijunon jefáža ér! Skorpjon eru!"
*<small>1: Allofon onu {{IPA|[m]}}-u pjér labiodentalyojon šanermočanyo</small>
*<small>2: Allofon onu {{IPA|[n]}}-u pjér velaryojon šanermočanyo</small>


''A scorpion on the bank of a river asked a frog: "Help me, I have to cross the river!" But the frog answered: "No! If I help you, you will sting me". The scorpion said: "If I'll sting you in the water, I also will die. I won't do it!". The frog accepted and carried the scorpion. When they were in the middle of the river, the scorpion stung the frog. She asked why and the scorpion answered: "I know I will die, but that's my nature! I'm a scorpion!"''
Very rarely the consonants '''r''' {{IPA|[r]}} and '''n''' {{IPA|[n]}} can play the role of vowel centre of the syllable, as a real vowel. They are usually found at the end of one of these words. In this case they are called ''vowel sonorants'' (they play this role also in English in some words):
 
* Petr {{IPA|[ˈpetṛ]}}: syllabication ''pe.tr''
* turistezn {{IPA|[ˈturistezṇ]}}: syllabication ''tu.ri.ste.zn''
 
====Correspondance====
 
{|
|'''IPA''' || {{IPA|[b]}} || {{IPA|[ʦ]}} || {{IPA|[ʧ]}} || {{IPA|[d]}} || {{IPA|[ʤ]}} || {{IPA|[f]}} || {{IPA|[g]}} || {{IPA|[x]}} || {{IPA|[j]}} || {{IPA|[k]}} || {{IPA|[l]}} || {{IPA|[m]}} || {{IPA|[n]}} || {{IPA|[p]}} || {{IPA|[r]}} || {{IPA|[s]}} || {{IPA|[ʃ]}} || {{IPA|[t]}} || {{IPA|[v]}} || {{IPA|[w]}} || {{IPA|[z]}} || {{IPA|[ʒ]}}
|-
|'''Letter''' || b || c || č || d || dž || f || g || h || j || k || l || m || n || p || r || s || š || t || v || w || z || ž
|}
 
====Palatalization====
 
Some consonants come in pair with a ''palatalized'' counterpart:
 
{|
! Non-palatalized consonant
! Palatalized counterpart
|-
| k {{IPA|[k]}} || č {{IPA|[ʧ]}}
|-
| g {{IPA|[g]}} || dž {{IPA|[ʤ]}}
|-
| s {{IPA|[s]}} || š {{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
| z {{IPA|[z]}} || ž {{IPA|[ʒ]}}
|-
| t {{IPA|[t]}} || č {{IPA|[ʧ]}}
|-
| d {{IPA|[d]}} || dž {{IPA|[ʤ]}}
|}
 
This phenomenon, called '''palatalization''', is very common, usually (but not always) when one of these consonants comes (or, better, came) in contact with the semivowel {{IPA|[j]}}. It's very important, because it occurs many times in noun declension.

Revision as of 17:44, 12 November 2009

Ó Lánc latinárenon alfabéten poljes, with some letters modified to adapt to its phonetic conformation. The distinction mízt dlygýt ši škužýt ermonačýt vnosum wažúm ér. Most evidently it has an SOV shape, i.e. ó gúlga comes at the end of its sentence, after subject and object. Ony učy, ony odašuvačany ši pronouns make an extensive use of cases to show their syntatical role inside the sentences. Ony gúlgaj kokwe ono džébačnovo ši ono kwónačnovo vnosum nošek, žočot onu kondicjonalu, and participles have great relevance. Onyt gúlgajyt each person has its own verbal ending and personal subject pronouns are not mandatorily required.

Šanermonačy

Lak šanermonačáron sistéma onot šanermonačároton IPA table ér:

Šanermonačy
Bilabialy Labjo-
dentaly		 Dentaly Alveolary Post-
alveolary		 Palataly Velary
Oklusivy p b t d k g
Nasaly m [ɱ]1 n [ŋ]2
Vibranty r
Frikativy f v s z ʃ ʒ x
Affrikaty ʦ tʃ dʒ
Approksimanty w j
Lateral
approksimanty		 l
  • 1: Allofon onu [m]-u pjér labiodentalyojon šanermočanyo
  • 2: Allofon onu [n]-u pjér velaryojon šanermočanyo

Very rarely the consonants r [r] and n [n] can play the role of vowel centre of the syllable, as a real vowel. They are usually found at the end of one of these words. In this case they are called vowel sonorants (they play this role also in English in some words):

  • Petr [ˈpetṛ]: syllabication pe.tr
  • turistezn [ˈturistezṇ]: syllabication tu.ri.ste.zn

Correspondance

IPA [b] [ʦ] [ʧ] [d] [ʤ] [f] [g] [x] [j] [k] [l] [m] [n] [p] [r] [s] [ʃ] [t] [v] [w] [z] [ʒ]
Letter b c č d dž f g h j k l m n p r s š t v w z ž

Palatalization

Some consonants come in pair with a palatalized counterpart:

Non-palatalized consonant Palatalized counterpart
k [k] č [ʧ]
g [g] dž [ʤ]
s [s] š [ʃ]
z [z] ž [ʒ]
t [t] č [ʧ]
d [d] dž [ʤ]

This phenomenon, called palatalization, is very common, usually (but not always) when one of these consonants comes (or, better, came) in contact with the semivowel [j]. It's very important, because it occurs many times in noun declension.

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