Proto-Uralic/Ä: Difference between revisions
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(sorting, "sap") |
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Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
| "to wrap" | | "to wrap" | ||
| ''*keer-tä-'', ''*kääri-'' || *kérɤ- || || || || || *käärɤk || ''*keerää'' || *ker- | | ''*keer-tä-'', ''*kääri-'' || *kérɤ- || || || || || *käärɤk || ''*keerää'' || *ker- | ||
| Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/new|*kêri]] | | Cf. "to bind", [[Proto-Uralic/new|*kêri]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "sister-in-law" | | "sister-in-law" | ||
Line 170: | Line 170: | ||
| *läppä || '''*lépɤ''' || - || style="color:red"| *leweða || *leep <!-- U. ĺip ~ K. lep-->|| lep || '''*liip''' || - || - | | *läppä || '''*lépɤ''' || - || style="color:red"| *leweða || *leep <!-- U. ĺip ~ K. lep-->|| lep || '''*liip''' || - || - | ||
| Mari cf. F. *lewedä "wide" | | Mari cf. F. *lewedä "wide" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "paw" | | "paw" | ||
Line 211: | Line 208: | ||
| Arrête! ;) | | Arrête! ;) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to | | "to load" | ||
| - || - || | | *sälyttä- || - || - || || || || *tääl- || *ɬeel- || '''*tij-''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to cut" | | "to cut" | ||
| *sälä || *čálé- || - || *šela- || *ćaal- || sel- || '''*sil-''' || '''*süül-''' || *selä- | | *sälä || *čálé- || - || *šela- || *ćaal- || sel- || '''*sil-''' || '''*süül-''' || *selä- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| " | | "side" | ||
| * | | '''*peeli''' || '''*pealé''' || päĺ || *pel || *paal || feel || *pääl || *peelək || *pelä | ||
| Finnic length by analogy of *veeri, *pooli? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "water" | | "water" | ||
Line 241: | Line 238: | ||
| *jäkälä || '''*jeakél''' || - || - || K. jal || - || - || - || - | | *jäkälä || '''*jeakél''' || - || - || K. jal || - || - || - || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| " | | "lasso" | ||
| '''* | | *lämsä || *lámčé || - || - || K. leć || - || '''*liis''' || '''*liis''' || - | ||
| | |- | ||
| "to wade" | |||
| ''*kaalat-'' || *kálé- || käĺe- || *kela- || *köl-<!--U. o ~ K. e--> || kel- || style="color:red"| *kʷääl- || '''*küül-''' || - | |||
| F. ← S.? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "worm" | | "worm" | ||
| - || - || - || - || K. perk || feerëg || *päärk || - || - | | - || - || - || - || K. perk || feerëg || *päärk || - || - | ||
| *a-stem per no rk-metathesis | | *a-stem per no rk-metathesis | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to fly" | | "to fly" | ||
| - || - || - || - || | | - || - || - || - || *löb- || lebëg-, libëg- || - || - || - | ||
| Rather *e. Cf. F. *lentä- ?? | | Rather *e. Cf. F. *lentä- ?? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "beaver" | | "beaver" | ||
| '''*majaka''' || *májéké || ''mijav'' || - || U. mɯj ~ K. moj || - || - || - || - | | '''*majaka''' || *májéké || ''mijav'' || - || U. '''mɯj''' ~ K. moj || - || - || - || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "elm" | | "elm" | ||
Line 266: | Line 262: | ||
| "power" | | "power" | ||
| '''*tarmo''' || *tármó || - || - || - || - || '''*tiiriŋ''' || '''*täärəm''' || - | | '''*tarmo''' || *tármó || - || - || - || - || '''*tiiriŋ''' || '''*täärəm''' || - | ||
|- | |||
| "board" | |||
| '''*parti''' || || - || || - || - || *päärt || *peert || - | |||
|- | |||
| "place" | |||
| '''*ase-''' || - || ''eźem'', Mk. (j)äźem, Er. '''iźim''' || - || - || - || - || - || Se. esɯ ~ Ne. ŋäso | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10"| With Permic e~ɤ (all a-stems?) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "gall" | | "gall" | ||
| '''*sappi''' || *sáppé || säpä || - || U. sep ~ K. sɤp || epe || *tääp || - || - | | '''*sappi'''? || *sáppé || säpä || - || U. sep ~ K. sɤp || epe || *tääp || - || - | ||
| F. cf. Gmc. *sap | |||
|- | |||
| "to bind" | |||
| - || - || kärks || *kera- || U. gerd, kert- ~ K. gɤrd, kɤrt- || ''kür-, küür-'' || '''*kiir-''' || '''*kiir-''' || | |||
| Cf. "to wrap" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to prepare" | | "to prepare" | ||
| - || *láčé- || - || '''*ləəšte-''' || U. leśal- ~ K. lɤśal- || || || || | | - || *láčé- || - || '''*ləəšte-''' || U. leśal- ~ K. lɤśal- || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| " | | "hemp" | ||
| | | - || - || - || Hi. kəńe ~ Me. kɤńe || U. ken ~ K. kɤn || - || - || - || - | ||
| Wanderwort. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| " | | "to freeze" | ||
| | | - || - || - || Hi. kiže- || U. kedź- ~ K. kɤdź- || - || - || - || - | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| With Permic o~ɤ (all very irregular) | ! colspan="10"| With Permic o~ɤ (all very irregular) | ||
Line 302: | Line 312: | ||
| *mär-ehti- || style="color:red"| ''*smérécé-'' || - || - || U. *džoməśtiɯ- ~ K. rɤməćtɯ- || - || - || - || | | *mär-ehti- || style="color:red"| ''*smérécé-'' || - || - || U. *džoməśtiɯ- ~ K. rɤməćtɯ- || - || - || - || | ||
| Looks substratal, P. metathesis? | | Looks substratal, P. metathesis? | ||
|- | |||
| "iron" | |||
| - || - || kšńi || *köörtńe || U kort ~ K. kɤrt || - || - || - || - | |||
| ← Ir. *kaart-; rather *e | |||
|- | |||
| "moment" | |||
| F. '''hetki''' ~ Ka. hätki || - || style="color:red"| '''ška''' || - || U. čož ~ K. čɤž || - || - || - || - | |||
| WTF? | |||
|- | |||
| "ring" | |||
| - || - || - || *jɤr || U. joros ~ K. jɤr || - || - || - || *jorka ? | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| With Ob-Ugric *ää~*ää (all spotty) | ! colspan="10"| With Ob-Ugric *ää~*ää (all spotty) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to choke" | | "to choke" | ||
| - || - || - || - || U. ''džok | | - || - || - || - || čök-, U. ''džok-'' ~ K. ''džag-'' || - || *šääk- || '''*čääk-''' || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "tail" | | "tail" | ||
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| "weak" | | "weak" | ||
| - || - || - || Hi. länzəra ~ Me. lanćɤra || K. ĺić || - || - || style="color:red"| '''*ɭääsək''' || - | | - || - || - || Hi. länzəra ~ Me. lanćɤra || K. ĺić || - || - || style="color:red"| '''*ɭääsək''' || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "backside" | | "backside" | ||
| - || NW *káocat ?? || - || - || K. kadž || - || - || - || - | | - || NW *káocat ?? || - || - || K. kadž || - || - || - || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "net" | | "net" | ||
Line 390: | Line 404: | ||
| *kalteta || - || - || - || *kɤldi || - || - || - || - | | *kalteta || - || - || - || *kɤldi || - || - || - || - | ||
| Rather *ë | | Rather *ë | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "duck" | | "duck" | ||
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| *jälti || - || - || - || *jɤl || - || - || - || - | | *jälti || - || - || - || *jɤl || - || - || - || - | ||
| Bad semantics | | Bad semantics | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "spear" | | "spear" | ||
Line 463: | Line 470: | ||
| - || '''*peaðé-''' || style="color:red"| Er. pele- || - || - || - || '''*piil-''' || *peel- || - | | - || '''*peaðé-''' || style="color:red"| Er. pele- || - || - || - || '''*piil-''' || *peel- || - | ||
| Looks better as *e~E | | Looks better as *e~E | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to cut" | | "to cut" |
Revision as of 14:28, 6 October 2009
Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Permic | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoy. | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
std. PU *ä_i (= *a_i ?) | ||||||||||
"" | ||||||||||
"mound" | *mättäs | *méktɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | *mektə | |
"to hide" | *kätke- | - | *käkše- | |||||||
"cradle" | *kätküt | *kétkɤ- | - | - | U. kɤkɯ | - | - | - | *ketə- | Cf. prev. |
"string" | *jänti | - | - | - | - | ideg | *jääntəɣ ? | *jöntəɣ | *jentə | |
"a bird" | E. ähk | - | šäkši | *ćećkem | K. čakčej | - | - | - | - | |
"hand" | *käti | *kétɤ | käď | *kit | *ki | keez | *käät | *kööt | - | |
"power" | *väki | *vékɤ | vij | *vij | *vi | vele- ? | *wääɣ | *wööɣ | - | Ma. *ej → *ij |
"ice" | *jää | *jéŋɤ | *jäŋ | *ij | *jɤɤ | jeeg | *jääŋk | *jööŋk | *jaŋ | *jäŋi. Ma. *ej → *ij |
"to become cold" | *jäähty- | *jéŋsó- | jäkše- | *jükše- | - | - | - | *jöɣɬi- | - | *jäŋ-(k)šti-; non-West *jükši- ?? |
"to freeze" | (*jääty-) | - | - | - | K. jɤd- | - | *jäänt- | *jentəl- | *jäŋ-ta | |
"thigh" | *sääri | - | śäjäŕ | - | K. ćɤr | - | - | - | - | maybe rather *śäxiri than *śäjiri |
"head" | *pää | *péŋɤ | pe | - | *pooŋ | fej | *pääŋk | - | - | NMs puŋk? |
"louse" | *täi | - | - | *tij | U. täj ~ K. toj | tetüü | *tääkmə | *tööɣtəm | - | S. *tíkɤ ← Gmc? Ma. *ej → *ij |
"to see" | *näke- | *nékɤ- | näj- | - | U. naal- ? | neez- | *näɣəl-, *niiɣəl- | *nii- | - | |
"to wrap" | *keer-tä-, *kääri- | *kérɤ- | *käärɤk | *keerää | *ker- | Cf. "to bind", *kêri | ||||
"sister-in-law" | *kälü | *kálój | kel | - | U. kaĺi ~ K. kel | - | - | *köölə | *kelə | |
"bit, to cut" | *säŋki | *čéŋkɤ- | śive- | - | *ćeeg- | seg- | *sääŋk- | *sööŋk- | - | |
"breast" | - | *mélkɤ | mälkä | *mel | U. mɤl | mell | *määɣəl | *mööɣəl | - | F. *mälvi "bird breast? |
"rope" | *kewti | *kévðɤ | - | Hi. kəl ~ Me. kɤl | *kaal | - | *kʷääləɣ | *kööləɣ | *kürə | Smy *äw → *ü ? West *e? |
"to fish" | - | - | - | *kelðə- | *kaalt- | |||||
"lung" | *tävü | - | ťevlav | - | *tɯ | tüdöö | - | - | *tejwä ? | Cf. "to fill" |
"woodpecker" | *kärki | - | kärgä | *kerɣə | *kɯr | - | - | - | - | |
"nose" | - | *nérɤ | *ńäŕ | *ner | *nɯr | - | - | *niir | *ńärə | *näxri? |
"near" | *lähe- | - | - | *lišnə | - | - | - | - | *jet- | Cf. next |
"to depart" | *lähte- | *léktɤ- | Er. ĺivte- ~ Mo. ĺište- | *lääkta- | U. lɯkt- ~ K. lokt- | - | - | *ɬüüɣət- | - | |
"to suffer" | *kärsi- | *kértɤ- | kiŕđe- | *kerða-, *kerta- | - | - | - | - | - | ← Gmc. *hardja- |
"warm" | *lämpe- | - | ĺämbä | *leewə | - | - | - | *jempə- | Smy. "clothes" | |
"trace" | *jälki | - | - | - | - | jel | - | *jääɣəl | *je | Smy. "foot" |
"horse ~ herd" | - | - | - | - | - | meen | - | *määnəŋ | - | Suspicious |
"heavy" | *läülV | *lévlɤ | - | *lelə | - | - | - | - | - | Ms. *ĺuuĺ "weak", Kh. *ɬöɬ "cold" prob. don't belong |
"to trust" | - | - | - | - | - | mer- | *määr- | - | - | |
"to dive" | - | - | - | - | - | meriit- | *määrəkt- | *merət- | - | |
"net" | - | - | - | - | - | meet | *määkt | *mööɣət | - | |
"warm" | - | - | - | - | - | meleg | *määli | *meelək | - | |
std. PU *äx_i | ||||||||||
"tongue" | *keeli | *kélɤ | *käĺ | *kəl | *kɯl | - | *kääl | *kööl | *keəj | |
"broth" | *leemi | *lémɤ | *ĺäm | *lem | U. lɯm ~ K. ĺem | lee | *lääm | - | - | |
"prop" | - | - | - | - | U. mɯdž ~ K. meč | - | *määš | *meeč | - | |
"mind" | *meeli | *mélɤ | *mäĺ | - | *mɯl | - | - | - | - | |
"side" | *veeri | *vérɤ | *väŕä | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
"to swallo" | *neele- | *ńélɤ- | ńiĺe- | *nela- | *ńɯl(ɯ)- | ńel- | *ńääl- | *ńeel- | *nɤl- | West *ńeeli, East *ńäl |
"fine, thin" | *heeno | - | - | - | K. dženɯt | - | - | - | - | Weak; ambiguous. |
std. PU *ä_a | ||||||||||
"to breathe" | *läkähtä- | - | läka- | - | - | - | - | - | - | NB no palz. in Mo? |
"friend" | - | *lávé | - | - | - | - | N. leekʷ | *ɬöɣ | - | Ms. transfer of labzn? S. ← ObU? |
"flap" | *läppä | *lépɤ | - | *leweða | *leep | lep | *liip | - | - | Mari cf. F. *lewedä "wide" |
"paw" | *käpsä | - | - | *küpš | U. kus- ~ K. kɯs, køs | - | *kʷäät | *kööpəɬ | - | |
"paw" | *käppä | - | käpä | - | - | - | - | - | - | Cf. prev. |
"this" | *tä-mä | *tá | tä | Hi. ti ~ Me. tɤ | *ta | te- | *ti | *te ? | *tê- | East *tê, if not rel. to "that" |
"these" | *nä-mä | *ná | nä | Hi. ni ~ Me. tɤ | K. na | -ni, -ne | *-nää | *-nä | *nä | Ugr. lativ |
"needle" | *äjmä | *ájmé | - | *imə | K. jem | - | - | - | *ejmä | Ma. *ej → *i |
"tongue" | - | *ńálmé | - | *ńəlmə | - | ńelv, ńeev | *ńiiləm | *ńääləm | *nåjmå | *ńälma ~ *ńElm ~ *nalma |
"spleen" | - | *ðápðé | - | *lepə | *loop | leep | - | *leepət | Ne. rapseä | *-pð- ?? |
"branch" | - | *sáré | - | šer ? | U. -ser | eer | *täär | *ɬeer | - | |
"woman; weasel" | - | *káðvé | - | - | - | hölɟ | *kääĺ | *kööjəɣ | *kejwä | |
"to annoy" | - | *áré- | - | - | - | - | *äärt- | *eerət- | Arrête! ;) | |
"to load" | *sälyttä- | - | - | *tääl- | *ɬeel- | *tij- | ||||
"to cut" | *sälä | *čálé- | - | *šela- | *ćaal- | sel- | *sil- | *süül- | *selä- | |
"side" | *peeli | *pealé | päĺ | *pel | *paal | feel | *pääl | *peelək | *pelä | Finnic length by analogy of *veeri, *pooli? |
"water" | - | *čácé | - | - | - | - | - | *seeč- | Ne. sada | |
"to get free" | - | *meanó- | mäńe- | K. mɯn- | ment- | - | - | Ne. mina- ? | ||
"bone" | *tähteh | *tákté | - | - | - | tetem | - | - | - | F. "leftovers" |
"bog" | (*jäŋkä) | *jeaŋké | - | - | K. jeg | - | *jääŋk | *jeeŋk | - | F. ← S. |
"sun" | *päjvä | *peajvé | - | - | K. bi | - | - | - | *pejwä | |
"lichen" | *jäkälä | *jeakél | - | - | K. jal | - | - | - | - | |
"lasso" | *lämsä | *lámčé | - | - | K. leć | - | *liis | *liis | - | |
"to wade" | *kaalat- | *kálé- | käĺe- | *kela- | *köl- | kel- | *kʷääl- | *küül- | - | F. ← S.? |
"worm" | - | - | - | - | K. perk | feerëg | *päärk | - | - | *a-stem per no rk-metathesis |
"to fly" | - | - | - | - | *löb- | lebëg-, libëg- | - | - | - | Rather *e. Cf. F. *lentä- ?? |
"beaver" | *majaka | *májéké | mijav | - | U. mɯj ~ K. moj | - | - | - | - | |
"elm" | *salaka | - | śäĺi | *šol | - | sil | - | - | - | F. "willow", cf. *halaka "ibid." ← Gmc. |
"power" | *tarmo | *tármó | - | - | - | - | *tiiriŋ | *täärəm | - | |
"board" | *parti | - | - | - | *päärt | *peert | - | |||
"place" | *ase- | - | eźem, Mk. (j)äźem, Er. iźim | - | - | - | - | - | Se. esɯ ~ Ne. ŋäso | |
With Permic e~ɤ (all a-stems?) | ||||||||||
"gall" | *sappi? | *sáppé | säpä | - | U. sep ~ K. sɤp | epe | *tääp | - | - | F. cf. Gmc. *sap |
"to bind" | - | - | kärks | *kera- | U. gerd, kert- ~ K. gɤrd, kɤrt- | kür-, küür- | *kiir- | *kiir- | Cf. "to wrap" | |
"to prepare" | - | *láčé- | - | *ləəšte- | U. leśal- ~ K. lɤśal- | |||||
"hemp" | - | - | - | Hi. kəńe ~ Me. kɤńe | U. ken ~ K. kɤn | - | - | - | - | Wanderwort. |
"to freeze" | - | - | - | Hi. kiže- | U. kedź- ~ K. kɤdź- | - | - | - | - | |
With Permic o~ɤ (all very irregular) | ||||||||||
"winter" | *talvi | *tálvé | Er. tele, Mk. ƭala | *tel | U. tol ~ K. tɤl | teel | *tääl | *teləɣ | ||
"to order" | *käske- | - | - | *küštə- | U. kos- ~ K. kɤs | |||||
"joint" | *jäsen | - | jäźńä | Hi. ježəŋ ~ Me. jɤžəŋ | U. joz ~ K. jɤz | iiz | - | - | - | |
"to turn" | *kääntä- | - | - | - | U. kož- ~ K. kɤž- | - | - | - | - | |
"to fill" | *täwti | *tévtɤ | - | *tić | U. dol- ~ K. dɤl- | tel- | *tääɣəl | *teel | *terə | |
"scab" | - | - | E. ĺeme | Hi. lim ~ Me. lümö | U. lom ~ K. lɤm | - | - | - | - | |
"to ruminate" | *mär-ehti- | *smérécé- | - | - | U. *džoməśtiɯ- ~ K. rɤməćtɯ- | - | - | - | Looks substratal, P. metathesis? | |
"iron" | - | - | kšńi | *köörtńe | U kort ~ K. kɤrt | - | - | - | - | ← Ir. *kaart-; rather *e |
"moment" | F. hetki ~ Ka. hätki | - | ška | - | U. čož ~ K. čɤž | - | - | - | - | WTF? |
"ring" | - | - | - | *jɤr | U. joros ~ K. jɤr | - | - | - | *jorka ? | |
With Ob-Ugric *ää~*ää (all spotty) | ||||||||||
"to choke" | - | - | - | - | čök-, U. džok- ~ K. džag- | - | *šääk- | *čääk- | - | |
"tail" | - | - | - | - | - | - | *määnśək | *määsəɣ | Sk. mäča | |
"to feel" | - | - | - | - | K. mal- | - | *määl- | *määɬ- | - | F. *mä(h)le- "to remember" probably doesn't belong |
"honey" | - | - | - | *mü(j) | - | - | maɣ- | *määɣ | Newer II loan? | |
"to ambush" | - | - | - | - | - | les- | *lääć- | *lääśi- | ||
Rather loans in part | ||||||||||
"crust" | *kärnä | *kearné | kšńat | - | - | - | *käärńə- | F & S. ← Gmc. *herna | ||
"to go" | *käve- | - | - | Hi. kej ~ Me. kaj | - | - | - | - | - | F. ← Gmc. *skeewjan |
- väsi- "tired" in F. & S. ← Gmc.
- väšä- "small" in FSM. ← Gmc.