Iljena/Phonology: Difference between revisions
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==Vowels== | |||
iljena has a simple five-vowel system | |||
{| | |||
! || Front || Back | |||
|- | |||
! High | |||
| i | |||
| u | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| e | |||
| o | |||
|- | |||
! Low | |||
| a | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
They are given in the Standard Human transcription, and have the usual IPA values. | |||
==Consonants== | ==Consonants== | ||
| Line 62: | Line 82: | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Sandhi=== | |||
The following sandhi phenomena occur in iljena | |||
====Palatalisation of Alveolars==== | |||
The sequence alveolar+j assimilates thus | |||
{| | |||
! Written || Phonemic || Phonetic | |||
|- | |||
| <tj> || {{IPA|/tj/}} || {{IPA|[ʧ]}} | |||
|- | |||
| <dj> || {{IPA|/dj/}} || {{IPA|[ʤ]}} | |||
|- | |||
| <sj> || {{IPA|/sj/}} || {{IPA|[ʃ]}} | |||
|- | |||
| <zj> || {{IPA|/zj/}} || {{IPA|[ʒ]}} | |||
|- | |||
| <nj> || {{IPA|/nj/}} || {{IPA|/ɲ/}} | |||
|- | |||
| <lj> || {{IPA|/lj/}} || {{IPA|[ʎj]}} | |||
|} | |||
Notice that {{IPA|/r/}} does not undergo palatalisation, and that {{IPA|/j/}} is not lost when {{IPA|/l/}} palatalises to {{IPA|[ʎ]}} | |||
====Velarisation of <h>==== | |||
Before a consonant, or word-finally, <h> {{IPA|/h/}} is realised as {{IPA|[x]}} | |||
====Voicing of <q>==== | |||
When in contact with a sonorant, <q> {{IPA|/kʷ/}} is realised as {{IPA|[gʷ]}} | |||
====Velarisation of n==== | |||
<n> {{IPA|/n/}} followed by a velar or labiovelar assimilates thus | |||
Revision as of 07:57, 17 August 2009
Vowels
iljena has a simple five-vowel system
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Low | a |
They are given in the Standard Human transcription, and have the usual IPA values.
Consonants
The phonemic consonants of iljena are given in the chart below. Each consonant is given in the Standard Human transcription, with its IPA value following
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Labiovelar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless stop | p/p/ | t/t/ | q/kʷ/ | k/k/ | ||
| Voiced stop | b/b/ | d/d/ | g/g/ | |||
| Voiceless fricative | f/f/ | s/s/ | h/h/ | |||
| Voiced Fricative | v/v/ | z/z/ | ||||
| Nasal | m/m/ | n/n/ | ||||
| Approximant | r/r/ | j/j/ | w/w/ | |||
| Lateral | l/l/ |
Sandhi
The following sandhi phenomena occur in iljena
Palatalisation of Alveolars
The sequence alveolar+j assimilates thus
| Written | Phonemic | Phonetic |
|---|---|---|
| <tj> | /tj/ | [ʧ] |
| <dj> | /dj/ | [ʤ] |
| <sj> | /sj/ | [ʃ] |
| <zj> | /zj/ | [ʒ] |
| <nj> | /nj/ | /ɲ/ |
| <lj> | /lj/ | [ʎj] |
Notice that /r/ does not undergo palatalisation, and that /j/ is not lost when /l/ palatalises to [ʎ]
Velarisation of <h>
Before a consonant, or word-finally, <h> /h/ is realised as [x]
Voicing of
When in contact with a sonorant, /kʷ/ is realised as [gʷ]
Velarisation of n
<n> /n/ followed by a velar or labiovelar assimilates thus
