Irregular Verbs in Faraneit: Difference between revisions
(→rej) |
(→pafhej) |
||
Line 184: | Line 184: | ||
Pafhej underwent the same sporadic sound change as rej and linking kej, but experienced partially correction in many dialects. | Pafhej underwent the same sporadic sound change as rej and linking kej, but experienced partially correction in many dialects. | ||
[[Scekoah Faraneit]], [[ | [[Scekoah Faraneit]], [[Poleiseam Faraneik]], and [[Central Lescealh Faraneit]] did not attempt a correction. This form is largely considered standard: | ||
Latest revision as of 16:54, 9 August 2009
There are three irregular verbs in Classical Faraneit: kej (when used existentially and with "linking" uses or when used as a locational copula propre), rej, and pafhej.
kej
Kej is a complex verb - two semi-distinct verbs in Classical Faraneit both equally derived from two quite distinct verbs in Proto-Rajo-Faraneit. In the beginning, there was the copula, which was used to denote tense, person, and mood for nearly all verbs, and also acted as the "linking" verb, and increasingly also used as an existential copula, but there was also the locational copula which originally was the existential copula as well, but was increasingly falling out of favor with that use. The linking copula conjugated as follows:
Narrative Past | Simple Past | Progressive Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Person | uz'iθ | ɑuz'iɑi | ez'iɑi | iz'iɑi |
Second Person | uz'ɛθ | ɑuz'ɛ | ez'ɛ | iz'iɑ |
Third Person | uz'io | ɑuz'io | ez'io | iz'io |
The locational copula meanwhile conjugated in the following way:
Narrative Past | Simple Past | Progressive Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Person Singular | kɑs | kɑpt | kɑp | kɑp |
First Person Plural | kɑ | kɑʦ | kɑs | kɑs |
Second Person | kɑn | kɑn | kɑl | kɑl |
Third Person | kɑ | kɑ | kɑk | kɑk |
When the linking copula turned into a suffix for all verbs during the development of Faraneit, the linking copula took the nascent verb-noun for the locational copula (*kɑ) and cemented itself to that form and formed the modern copula, which is both linking and existential. Very soon after, however, a sporadic sound change altered this verb's conjugation paradigm, changing j (/ʒ/) to c (/x/) when between two back vowels. The pattern is as follows:
Narrative Past | Simple Past | Progressive Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Person | keujeih | kojeih | kejeih | kijeih |
Second Person | keujih | kojih | kejih | kijih |
Third Person | keucoah | kocoah | kejoah | kijoah |
Verb-noun | keuj | koj | kej | kij |
Meanwhile, the locational copula developed from the earlier locational copula which (like most verbs) added on the copula as a suffix, but this verb maintained its earlier conjugation pattern between the root and the new suffixes, creating this pattern:
Narrative Past | Simple Past | Progressive Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Person Singular | kaseujeih | katojeih | kapejeih | kapijeih |
First Person Plural | kaheujeih | kasojeih | kazejeih | kazijieh |
Second Person | kaneujih | kanojih | kalejih | kalijih |
Third Person | kaheujoah | kahojoah | kakejoah | kakijoah |
Verb-noun | keuj | koj | kej | kij |
Note that the locational copula didn't experience the same sporadic sound change.
rej
To have or to hold, the verb rej experienced the same sound change as the linking kej. Here is its conjugation chart:
Narrative Past | Simple Past | Progressive Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Person | reujeih | rojeih | rejeih | rijeih |
Second Person | reujih | rojih | rejih | rijih |
Third Person | reucoah | rocoah | rejoah | rijoah |
Verb-noun | reuj | roj | rej | rij |
pafhej
Pafhej underwent the same sporadic sound change as rej and linking kej, but experienced partially correction in many dialects.
Scekoah Faraneit, Poleiseam Faraneik, and Central Lescealh Faraneit did not attempt a correction. This form is largely considered standard:
Narrative Past | Simple Past | Progressive Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Person | pafheujeih | pafhojeih | pafhejeih | pafhijeih |
Second Person | pafheujih | pafhojih | pafhejih | pafhijih |
Third Person | pafheucoah | pafhocoah | pafhejoah | pafhijoah |
Verb-noun | pafheuj | pafhoj | pafhej | pafhij |
In contrast, the Cohut Faraneit dialect corrects this in part by reanalyzing everything prior to and including the changed sound in the third person simple past form as the root, and then conjugate the verb regularly, essentially re-regularizing it:
Narrative Past | Simple Past | Progressive Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Person | pafhoceujeih | pafhocojeih | pafhocejeih | pafhocijeih |
Second Person | pafhoceujih | pafhocojih | pafhocejih | pafhocijih |
Third Person | pafhoceujoah | pafhocojoah | pafhocejoah | pafhocijoah |
Verb-noun | pafhoceuj | pafhocoj | pafhocej | pafhocij |
Alternatively, the Kupmec Faraneit, Heajaz Faraneit, and Lhezoat Faraneit dialects fuse these two approaches, changing the root's ending fh (/θ/ here [ð]) into c (/x/) when in the forms where there's the change from j (/ʒ/):
Narrative Past | Simple Past | Progressive Present | Future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Person | pafheujeih | pafhojeih | pafhejeih | pafhijeih |
Second Person | pafheujih | pafhojih | pafhejih | pafhijih |
Third Person | paceucoah | pacocoah | pafhejoah | pafhijoah |
Verb-noun | pafheuj | pafhoj | pafhej | pafhij |