Proto-Uralic/Ä: Difference between revisions
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(*ä_i) |
(long) |
||
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|- style="background:#FFA0A0" | |- style="background:#FFA0A0" | ||
! Lexeme | ! Lexeme | ||
! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! Samic !! | ! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! Samic !! Mordv. !! Mari !! Permic !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]] | ||
! Comments | ! Comments | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
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| "" | | "" | ||
| || || || || || || || || | | || || || || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "power" | | "power" | ||
Line 38: | Line 31: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "son-in-law" | | "son-in-law" | ||
| *vävü || '''*vívɤ''' || '''ov''' || Hi. wiŋgə ~ Me. weŋə || - || ''vöö'' || - || *wööŋ || '''*wiŋə''' | | *vävü || '''*vívɤ''' || '''ov''' || Hi. wiŋgə ~ Me. '''weŋə''' || - || ''vöö'' || - || *wööŋ || '''*wiŋə''' | ||
| Something else (*i?) with analogy in F? | | Something else (*i?) with analogy in F? | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 50: | Line 43: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to become cold" | | "to become cold" | ||
| *jäähty- || *jéŋsó- || jäkše- || *jükše- || - || - || - || '''*jöɣli-''' || - | | *jäähty- || *jéŋsó- || jäkše- || '''*jükše-''' || - || - || - || '''*jöɣli-''' || - | ||
| *jäŋ-(k)šti- | | *jäŋ-(k)šti- | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 58: | Line 51: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to fill" | | "to fill" | ||
| *täwti || style="color:red"| *tévtɤ || - || style="color:red"| * | | *täwti || style="color:red"| *tévtɤ || - || style="color:red"| *tić || U. dol- ~ K. dɤl- || tel- || *tääɣəl || *teel || style="color:red"| *terə | ||
|- | |||
| "lung" | |||
| *tävü || - || '''ťevlav''' || - || *tɯ || style="color:red"| tüdöö || - || - || style="color:red"| *tejwä ? | |||
| Cf. ed. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to cut" | | "to cut" | ||
Line 64: | Line 61: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "breast" | | "breast" | ||
| - || *mélkɤ || style="color:red"| mälkä || *mel || U. mɯl || mell || *määɣəl || *mööɣəl || - | | - || *mélkɤ || style="color:red"| mälkä || '''*mel''' || U. mɯl || mell || *määɣəl || *mööɣəl || - | ||
| F. ''*mälvi'' "bird breast''? | | F. ''*mälvi'' "bird breast''? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "rope" | | "rope" | ||
| '''* | | '''*kewti''' || *kévðɤ || - || - || U. kal ~ K. kɤl || - || style="color:red"| *kʷääləɣ || *kööləɣ || ''*kürə'' | ||
| Smy *äw → *ü ? | | Smy *äw → *ü ? | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 78: | Line 75: | ||
| *kätke- || *kétkɤ- || - || - || - || - || - || - || *ketə- | | *kätke- || *kétkɤ- || - || - || - || - || - || - || *ketə- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| " | | "nose" | ||
| - || * | | - || *nérɤ || *ńäŕ || *ner || *nɯr || - || - || '''*niir''' || '''*ńärə''' | ||
| | | Just *när? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "trace" | | "trace" | ||
Line 88: | Line 85: | ||
| "worm" | | "worm" | ||
| - || - || - || - || K. perk || feerëg || *päärk || - || - | | - || - || - || - || K. perk || feerëg || *päärk || - || - | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="10" | std. PU ''*äx_i'' | |||
|- | |||
| "tongue" | |||
| *keeli || *kélɤ || *käĺ || *kəl || *kɯl || - || *kääl || *kööl || *keəj | |||
|- | |||
| "broth" | |||
| *leemi || *lémɤ || *ĺäm || *lem || U. lɯm ~ K. '''ĺem''' || lee || *lääm || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "mind" | |||
| *meeli || *mélɤ || *mäĺ || - || *mɯl || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "side" | |||
| *veeri || *vérɤ || *väŕä || - || - || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "to swallo" | |||
| *neele- || *ńélɤ- || '''ńiĺe-''' || *nela- || *ńɯl(ɯ)- <!-- -M in Komi-->|| '''ńel-''' || *ńääl- || *ńeel- || '''*nɤl-''' | |||
| West *ńeeli, East *ńäl | |||
|- | |||
| "fine, thin" | |||
| *heeno || - || - || - || K. dženɯt || - || - || - || - | |||
| Weak; ambiguous. | |||
|- | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="10"| std. PU ''*ä_a'' | ! colspan="10"| std. PU ''*ä_a'' | ||
|- | |||
| "this" | |||
| *tämä || *tá || tä || Hi. '''ti''' ~ Me. '''tɤ''' || *ta || te- || '''*ti''' || '''*te''' ? || '''*tê-''' | |||
| East *tê | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "needle" | | "needle" | ||
Line 110: | Line 134: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "woman; weasel" | | "woman; weasel" | ||
| - || *káðvé || - || - || - || hölɟ || *kääĺ || *kööjəɣ || *kejwä | | - || *káðvé || - || - || - || ''hölɟ'' || *kääĺ || *kööjəɣ || *kejwä | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to annoy" | | "to annoy" | ||
Line 124: | Line 148: | ||
| "water" | | "water" | ||
| - || *čácé || - || - || - || - || - || *seeč- || Ne. ''sada'' | | - || *čácé || - || - || - || - || - || *seeč- || Ne. ''sada'' | ||
|- | |||
| "bone" | |||
| *tähteh || *tákté || - || - || - || tetem || - || - || - | |||
| F. "leftovers" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to prick" | | "to prick" | ||
Line 142: | Line 170: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "power" | | "power" | ||
| '''*tarmo''' || *tármó || || - || - || - || | | '''*tarmo''' || *tármó || - || - || - || - || '''''*teeriŋ''''' ?! || '''*täärəm''' || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "gall" | | "gall" | ||
Line 156: | Line 184: | ||
| '''*ase-''' || - || ''eźem'', Mk. (j)äźem, Er. '''iźim''' || - || - || - || - || - || Se. esɯ ~ Ne. ŋäso | | '''*ase-''' || - || ''eźem'', Mk. (j)äźem, Er. '''iźim''' || - || - || - || - || - || Se. esɯ ~ Ne. ŋäso | ||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- bad stuff | |||
|- | |||
| "an animal" | |||
| - || *váðók || '''vedraš''' || '''*wööĺə''' || U. val ~ K. vɤl || - || - || '''*welə''' || - | |||
| S&M "cow", Ma&P "horse", Kh. "reindeer". Looks like several roots | |||
|- | |||
| "to cut" | |||
| *vejci || - || - || - || K. vɤź- || vees- || - || *wäänť- || - | |||
| Rather *E. F. "knife"--> | |||
*väsi- "tired" in F. & S. ← Gmc. | |||
*väšä- "small" in FSM. ← Gmc. |
Revision as of 04:50, 13 July 2009
Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Permic | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoy. | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
std. PU *ä_i (= *a_i ?) | ||||||||||
"" | ||||||||||
"power" | *väki | *vékɤ | vij | *vij | *vi | vele- ? | *wääɣ | *wööɣ | - | |
"louse" | *täi | - | - | *tij | U. täj ~ K. toj | tetüü | *tääkmə | *tööɣtəm | - | S. *tíkɤ ← Gmc? |
"near" | *lähe- | - | - | - | - | *jet- | ||||
"hand" | *käti | *kétɤ | käď | *kit | *ki | keez | *käät | *kööt | - | |
"to wrap" | *kääri- | *kérɤ- | *käärɤk | *keerää | *ker- | Cf. *kêri | ||||
"sister-in-law" | *kälü | *kálój | kel | - | U. kaĺi ~ K. kel | - | - | *köölə | *kelə | |
"son-in-law" | *vävü | *vívɤ | ov | Hi. wiŋgə ~ Me. weŋə | - | vöö | - | *wööŋ | *wiŋə | Something else (*i?) with analogy in F? |
"head" | *pää | *péŋɤ | pe | - | *poon | fej | *pääŋk | - | - | NMs puŋk? |
"ice" | *jää | *jéŋɤ | jäj | *ij | *jɤɤ | jeeg | *jääŋk | *jööŋk | *jaŋ | *jäŋi |
"to become cold" | *jäähty- | *jéŋsó- | jäkše- | *jükše- | - | - | - | *jöɣli- | - | *jäŋ-(k)šti- |
"to freeze" | (*jääty-) | - | - | - | K. jɤd- | - | *jäänt- | *jentəl- | *jäŋ-ta | |
"to fill" | *täwti | *tévtɤ | - | *tić | U. dol- ~ K. dɤl- | tel- | *tääɣəl | *teel | *terə | |
"lung" | *tävü | - | ťevlav | - | *tɯ | tüdöö | - | - | *tejwä ? | Cf. ed. |
"to cut" | *säŋki | *čéŋkɤ- | - | - | *čeeg- | seg | *sääŋk | *sööŋk | - | |
"breast" | - | *mélkɤ | mälkä | *mel | U. mɯl | mell | *määɣəl | *mööɣəl | - | F. *mälvi "bird breast? |
"rope" | *kewti | *kévðɤ | - | - | U. kal ~ K. kɤl | - | *kʷääləɣ | *kööləɣ | *kürə | Smy *äw → *ü ? |
"warm" | *lämpe- | - | - | - | *jempə- | Smy. "clothes" | ||||
"to hide" | *kätke- | *kétkɤ- | - | - | - | - | - | - | *ketə- | |
"nose" | - | *nérɤ | *ńäŕ | *ner | *nɯr | - | - | *niir | *ńärə | Just *när? |
"trace" | *jälki | - | - | - | - | jel | - | *jääɣəl | *je | Smy. "foot" |
"worm" | - | - | - | - | K. perk | feerëg | *päärk | - | - | |
std. PU *äx_i | ||||||||||
"tongue" | *keeli | *kélɤ | *käĺ | *kəl | *kɯl | - | *kääl | *kööl | *keəj | |
"broth" | *leemi | *lémɤ | *ĺäm | *lem | U. lɯm ~ K. ĺem | lee | *lääm | - | - | |
"mind" | *meeli | *mélɤ | *mäĺ | - | *mɯl | - | - | - | - | |
"side" | *veeri | *vérɤ | *väŕä | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
"to swallo" | *neele- | *ńélɤ- | ńiĺe- | *nela- | *ńɯl(ɯ)- | ńel- | *ńääl- | *ńeel- | *nɤl- | West *ńeeli, East *ńäl |
"fine, thin" | *heeno | - | - | - | K. dženɯt | - | - | - | - | Weak; ambiguous. |
std. PU *ä_a | ||||||||||
"this" | *tämä | *tá | tä | Hi. ti ~ Me. tɤ | *ta | te- | *ti | *te ? | *tê- | East *tê |
"needle" | *äjmä | *ájmé | - | *imə | K. jem | - | - | - | *ejmä | |
"to wade" | *kaalat- | *kálé- | käĺe- | *kela- | U. kol- ~ K. kel- | kel- | *kʷääl- | *küül- | - | F. ← S.? |
"tongue" | - | *ńálmé | - | *ńəlmə | - | ńelv, ńeev | *ńiiləm | *ńääləm | *nåjmå | *ńälma ~ *ńElm ~ *nalma |
"spleen" | - | *ðápðé | - | *lepə | *loop | leep | - | *leepət | Ne. rapseä | *-pð- ?? |
"branch" | - | *sáré | - | šer ? | U. -ser | eer | *täär | *ɬeer | - | |
"woman; weasel" | - | *káðvé | - | - | - | hölɟ | *kääĺ | *kööjəɣ | *kejwä | |
"to annoy" | - | *áré- | - | - | - | - | *äärt- | *eerət- | Arrête! ;) | |
"to cut" | *sälä | *čálé- | - | *šela- | U. ćal- ~ K. ćɤlal- | sel- | *sil- | *süül- | *selä- | |
"to load" | *sälyttä- | - | - | *tääl- | *ɬeel- | *tij- | ||||
"water" | - | *čácé | - | - | - | - | - | *seeč- | Ne. sada | |
"bone" | *tähteh | *tákté | - | - | - | tetem | - | - | - | F. "leftovers" |
"to prick" | - | *peaðé- | Er. pele- | *piil- | *peel- | - | ||||
"bog" | (*jäŋkä) | *jeaŋké | - | - | K. jeg | - | *jääŋk | *jeeŋk | - | F. ← S. |
"sun" | *päjvä | *peajvé | - | - | K. bi | - | - | - | *pejwä | |
"side" | *peeli | *pealé | päĺ | *pel | U. pal ~ K. pɤl | feel | *pääl | *peelək | *pelä | |
"beaver" | *majaka | *májéké | mijav | - | U. mɯj ~ K. moj | - | - | - | - | |
"power" | *tarmo | *tármó | - | - | - | - | *teeriŋ ?! | *täärəm | - | |
"gall" | *sappi | *sáppé | säpä | - | U. sep ~ K. sɤp | epe | *tääp | - | - | |
"board" | *parti | - | - | - | *päärt | *peert | - | |||
"winter" | *talvi | *tálvé | Er. tele, Mk. ƭala | *tel | U. tol ~ K. tɤl | teel | *tääl | *teləɣ | ||
"place" | *ase- | - | eźem, Mk. (j)äźem, Er. iźim | - | - | - | - | - | Se. esɯ ~ Ne. ŋäso |
- väsi- "tired" in F. & S. ← Gmc.
- väšä- "small" in FSM. ← Gmc.